First Aid Basics

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes direct transmission of diseases?

Touching a contaminated object

Receiving a bite from an infected animal

Touching an infected person's body fluids (correct)

Inhaling infected droplets from the air

What is the primary purpose of body substance isolation (BSI)?

To ensure clean water supply

To facilitate communication during emergencies

To manage psychological stress of victims

To prevent risk of exposure to bodily substances (correct)

Which disease is primarily associated with respiratory illness and sore throat?

HIV/AIDS

Meningitis (correct)

Tuberculosis

Herpes

What is NOT a basic precaution in first aid?

Calling for a nurse Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease transmission involves an insect bite?

Vector Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in emergency action principles?

Survey the scene Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are commonly associated with Hepatitis?

Flu-like symptoms and jaundice Signup and view all the answers

In the acronym I.D. used in initial response, what does 'D' stand for?

Do not further harm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of an occlusive dressing?

To prevent contamination of the wound Signup and view all the answers

Which item is NOT typically included in a suggested first aid kit?

Hydraulic cutters Signup and view all the answers

What is the best response when dealing with a victim who appears confused?

Do not trust their judgment Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an open wound from a closed wound?

Open wounds are characterized by breaks in the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first action when administering first aid?

Consider the worst-case scenario Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a puncture wound?

It is caused by penetrating pointed instruments. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should NOT be done when giving first aid?

Let the victim see their own injury Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of serious wounds on the body?

Contamination with foreign material Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of first aid?

To alleviate suffering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options is NOT a characteristic of a good first aider?

Aggressive Signup and view all the answers

What should you do immediately once you identify bleeding in a victim?

Apply pressure to control the bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which action is most appropriate when dealing with an unconscious patient?

Secure the airway and perform artificial respiration Signup and view all the answers

How should a first aider handle the presence of on-lookers at an accident scene?

Keep them away from the injured person Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary purpose of first aid training?

To prevent accidents Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the injured person has severe breathing stoppage?

Perform mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-nose respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can hinder the process of giving first aid?

The presence of the crowd Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you notice a rash after using an ointment?

Stop using the ointment and cover the wound. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of an avulsion injury?

It involves tissue forcefully separated from the body. Signup and view all the answers

When should you get a tetanus shot after a wound?

If you haven't had one in the last five years and the wound is deep or dirty. Signup and view all the answers

What initial action should you take to care for minor cuts and scrapes?

Wash your hands to avoid infection. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is appropriate for a deep but narrow avulsion wound?

Use stitches to close the wound. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if a bandage becomes wet or dirty?

Change the dressing at least once a day or when needed. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sign of wound infection that should be monitored?

Redness and increasing pain near the wound. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do after washing a wound with water?

Gently pat it dry with a clean cloth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step you should take when treating a wound?

Wash the wound gently with soap and water Signup and view all the answers

When should you consider going to the emergency room for a wound?

If the wound contains large pieces of gravel or glass Signup and view all the answers

What should you avoid using to clean the wound due to irritation risks?

Hydrogen peroxide Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended action to prevent infection after cleaning a wound?

Cover the wound with a bandage or dressing Signup and view all the answers

How often should you clean and cover a wound after initial treatment?

Daily until it heals Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a tetanus shot when treating animal bites or scratches?

It reduces the risk of developing an infection Signup and view all the answers

What kind of instruments can cause lacerations?

Blunt instruments Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid picking at an abrasion while healing?

It can delay healing and introduce bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

First Aid

First aid is the immediate care given to an injured or ill person until professional help arrives.
It includes self-help and home care.
Focuses on the victim's physical condition, emotional state, and the accident situation.

First Aid Objectives

Alleviate suffering
Prevent further injury or danger
Prolong life

First Aid Training Purposes

Prevent accidents
Train people to respond correctly
Prevent further injury or danger
Provide proper transportation

First Aid Training Value

Self-help
Help for others
Preparedness for disasters
Safety awareness, including causes, effects, and prevention of accidents.

Hindrances in Giving First Aid

Unfavorable surroundings
Crowd presence
Pressure from the victim or relatives

General First Aid Directions

Determine the best way to rescue the victim
Ensure an open airway and provide artificial respiration if needed
Control severe bleeding

Additional First Aid Directions

Keep the injured person lying down in a comfortable position with their head level until the severity of the injury is known.
Check for bleeding, breathing difficulties, poisoning, wounds, fractures, burns, and discoloration. Treat these immediately.
Keep the injured person warm.
Send someone to call a doctor or ambulance.
Be calm and avoid rushing when moving the victim unless necessary.
Do not give water or liquids to an unconscious patient.
Keep onlookers away from the injured person.
Make the patient comfortable and stay cheerful.
Do not let the patient see their own injury.

Characteristics of a Good First Aider

Gentle: avoid causing further pain
Resourceful: utilize available resources
Observant: notice all signs
Tactful: avoid alarming the victim
Empathetic: offer comfort
Respectable: maintain a professional and caring attitude.

Transmission of Diseases and First Aiders

Direct: touching infected body fluids
Indirect: touching contaminated objects
Airborne: inhaling infected droplets from coughs or sneezes
Vector: transmission through animals or insects like dog bites or tick bites (e.g. dengue fever, rabies, and venoms)

Body Substance Isolation (BSI)

Precautions to isolate or prevent exposure to bodily substances.

Basic Precautions and Practices

Personal hygiene
Protective equipment
Equipment cleaning and disinfecting

Diseases of Concern

Disease	Signs and Symptoms	Infectious Material
Herpes	Lesions, general ill feeling, sore throat	Broken skin, mucous membrane
Meningitis	Respiratory illness, sore throat, nausea, vomiting	Food and water, mucous membrane
TB	Weight loss, night sweats, occasional fever, ill feeling	Saliva, airborne droplets
Hepatitis	Flu-like symptoms, jaundice	Blood, saliva, semen, feces, food, water
HIV / AIDS	Fever, night sweats, weight loss, diarrhea, fatigue, shortness of breath, swollen lymph nodes, lesions	Blood, semen, and vaginal fluids

Starting First Aid

Plan the course of action
Gather necessary materials
Initial response:
- Ask for help
- Intervene
- Do no further harm
Provide instructions to helpers

Emergency Action Principles

Survey the scene:
- Is it safe?
- What happened?
- How many people are injured?
- Are there bystanders to help?
Important Items:
- First aid kit
- Trauma shears
- Emergency blanket
- Gloves
- CPR Mouth shield
- Water
- Splints
- Triage tag
- Rope and pulleys
- Crow bar, pry bar
- Hydraulic cutters
- Axe, bolo
- Flood lamps, heavy-duty flashlights

Dressing & Bandaging

Dressing: sterile cloth for wound covering
Bandage: any clean cloth used to secure a dressing

Do's and Don'ts in First Aid

Do's*
Obtain consent if possible
Assume the worst-case scenario
Identify yourself to the victim
Provide comfort and emotional support
Respect the victim's modesty and privacy
Be calm and direct
Treat the most serious injury first
Assist victims with prescribed medication
Keep onlookers away
Handle the victim as little as possible
Loosen tight clothing
Don'ts*
Do not let the victim see their injury
Do not leave the victim alone (except to get help)
Do not assume obvious injuries are the only ones
Do not make unrealistic promises
Do not rely on a confused victim's judgment to make decisions

Soft Tissue Injuries

Wounds: breaks in the continuity of body tissue, internal or external

Classification of Wounds

Open Wounds: breaks in the skin
Closed Wounds: involve underlying tissues without a skin break

Types of Closed Wounds

Contusions: bruises caused by blunt force
Hematoma: blood collection under the skin
Sprains: ligament damage
Strains: muscle or tendon damage

Causes of Wounds

External physical forces like accidents, falls, mishandling of sharp objects, machinery, or weapons.

Effects of Wounds

Damage to the skin and body functions
Blood loss
Tissue destruction
Nerve injury
Functional disturbances
Contamination with foreign materials

Types of Open Wounds

Puncture: caused by penetrating pointed objects (nails, pins, ice picks, etc.): deep and narrow, potential for serious bleeding
Abrasions: caused by scraping against rough surfaces: shallow, wide, oozing blood, prone to dirt contamination
Lacerations: caused by blunt instruments (shrapnel, broken glass): torn with irregular edges, potential for serious or minor bleeding
Avulsions: caused by explosions, animal bites, mishandling of tools: tissue forcefully separated from the body, potential for extensive damage
Incisions: caused by sharp-bladed instruments (blades, razors, etc.): clean cut, deep, potential for severe bleeding.

Treatment for Abrasions:

Wash the wound gently with soap and water
Carefully remove visible debris with tweezers
Pat the wound dry
Apply topical antibiotic ointment
Cover the wound with a bandage
Change the dressing daily
Monitor for signs of infection
Consider a tetanus shot if severe

Treatment for Lacerations:

Wash hands
Control bleeding with gentle pressure and elevation
Clean the wound with running water and soap, avoiding soap inside the wound
Remove debris with clean tweezers
Apply antibiotic ointment or petroleum jelly
Cover the wound with a bandage
Change the dressing daily
Consider a tetanus shot for deep or dirty wounds
Monitor for signs of infection

Treatment for Avulsions:

Treatment depends on severity
Stitches may be used to close deep wounds.
Reattaching skin flaps may be possible if the flap is healthy and has good blood flow.
Tubes may be used to drain excess fluid.

Treatment for Incisions:

Follow steps for Lacerations.
Note: This is a general guide and it is important to seek medical attention if the injury is severe or if you are concerned about its severity.*

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of first aid, including objectives, training purposes, and general directions for providing aid. It focuses on immediate care techniques and the importance of preparedness and safety awareness. Test your knowledge on how to effectively assist injured or ill individuals before professional help arrives.