Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following describes direct transmission of diseases?
Which of the following describes direct transmission of diseases?
What is the primary purpose of body substance isolation (BSI)?
What is the primary purpose of body substance isolation (BSI)?
Which disease is primarily associated with respiratory illness and sore throat?
Which disease is primarily associated with respiratory illness and sore throat?
What is NOT a basic precaution in first aid?
What is NOT a basic precaution in first aid?
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Which type of disease transmission involves an insect bite?
Which type of disease transmission involves an insect bite?
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What is the first step in emergency action principles?
What is the first step in emergency action principles?
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What symptoms are commonly associated with Hepatitis?
What symptoms are commonly associated with Hepatitis?
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In the acronym I.D. used in initial response, what does 'D' stand for?
In the acronym I.D. used in initial response, what does 'D' stand for?
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What is the primary purpose of an occlusive dressing?
What is the primary purpose of an occlusive dressing?
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Which item is NOT typically included in a suggested first aid kit?
Which item is NOT typically included in a suggested first aid kit?
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What is the best response when dealing with a victim who appears confused?
What is the best response when dealing with a victim who appears confused?
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What distinguishes an open wound from a closed wound?
What distinguishes an open wound from a closed wound?
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What is the recommended first action when administering first aid?
What is the recommended first action when administering first aid?
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What is a key characteristic of a puncture wound?
What is a key characteristic of a puncture wound?
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Which of the following should NOT be done when giving first aid?
Which of the following should NOT be done when giving first aid?
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What is a common effect of serious wounds on the body?
What is a common effect of serious wounds on the body?
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What is the primary objective of first aid?
What is the primary objective of first aid?
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Which of the following options is NOT a characteristic of a good first aider?
Which of the following options is NOT a characteristic of a good first aider?
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What should you do immediately once you identify bleeding in a victim?
What should you do immediately once you identify bleeding in a victim?
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Which action is most appropriate when dealing with an unconscious patient?
Which action is most appropriate when dealing with an unconscious patient?
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How should a first aider handle the presence of on-lookers at an accident scene?
How should a first aider handle the presence of on-lookers at an accident scene?
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What is a primary purpose of first aid training?
What is a primary purpose of first aid training?
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What should be done if the injured person has severe breathing stoppage?
What should be done if the injured person has severe breathing stoppage?
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Which factor can hinder the process of giving first aid?
Which factor can hinder the process of giving first aid?
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What should you do if you notice a rash after using an ointment?
What should you do if you notice a rash after using an ointment?
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What is a characteristic feature of an avulsion injury?
What is a characteristic feature of an avulsion injury?
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When should you get a tetanus shot after a wound?
When should you get a tetanus shot after a wound?
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What initial action should you take to care for minor cuts and scrapes?
What initial action should you take to care for minor cuts and scrapes?
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Which treatment is appropriate for a deep but narrow avulsion wound?
Which treatment is appropriate for a deep but narrow avulsion wound?
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What is the recommended action if a bandage becomes wet or dirty?
What is the recommended action if a bandage becomes wet or dirty?
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What is a common sign of wound infection that should be monitored?
What is a common sign of wound infection that should be monitored?
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What should you do after washing a wound with water?
What should you do after washing a wound with water?
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What is the first step you should take when treating a wound?
What is the first step you should take when treating a wound?
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When should you consider going to the emergency room for a wound?
When should you consider going to the emergency room for a wound?
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What should you avoid using to clean the wound due to irritation risks?
What should you avoid using to clean the wound due to irritation risks?
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What is a recommended action to prevent infection after cleaning a wound?
What is a recommended action to prevent infection after cleaning a wound?
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How often should you clean and cover a wound after initial treatment?
How often should you clean and cover a wound after initial treatment?
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What is the significance of a tetanus shot when treating animal bites or scratches?
What is the significance of a tetanus shot when treating animal bites or scratches?
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What kind of instruments can cause lacerations?
What kind of instruments can cause lacerations?
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Why is it important to avoid picking at an abrasion while healing?
Why is it important to avoid picking at an abrasion while healing?
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Study Notes
First Aid
- First aid is the immediate care given to an injured or ill person until professional help arrives.
- It includes self-help and home care.
- Focuses on the victim's physical condition, emotional state, and the accident situation.
First Aid Objectives
- Alleviate suffering
- Prevent further injury or danger
- Prolong life
First Aid Training Purposes
- Prevent accidents
- Train people to respond correctly
- Prevent further injury or danger
- Provide proper transportation
First Aid Training Value
- Self-help
- Help for others
- Preparedness for disasters
- Safety awareness, including causes, effects, and prevention of accidents.
Hindrances in Giving First Aid
- Unfavorable surroundings
- Crowd presence
- Pressure from the victim or relatives
General First Aid Directions
- Determine the best way to rescue the victim
- Ensure an open airway and provide artificial respiration if needed
- Control severe bleeding
Additional First Aid Directions
- Keep the injured person lying down in a comfortable position with their head level until the severity of the injury is known.
- Check for bleeding, breathing difficulties, poisoning, wounds, fractures, burns, and discoloration. Treat these immediately.
- Keep the injured person warm.
- Send someone to call a doctor or ambulance.
- Be calm and avoid rushing when moving the victim unless necessary.
- Do not give water or liquids to an unconscious patient.
- Keep onlookers away from the injured person.
- Make the patient comfortable and stay cheerful.
- Do not let the patient see their own injury.
Characteristics of a Good First Aider
- Gentle: avoid causing further pain
- Resourceful: utilize available resources
- Observant: notice all signs
- Tactful: avoid alarming the victim
- Empathetic: offer comfort
- Respectable: maintain a professional and caring attitude.
Transmission of Diseases and First Aiders
- Direct: touching infected body fluids
- Indirect: touching contaminated objects
- Airborne: inhaling infected droplets from coughs or sneezes
- Vector: transmission through animals or insects like dog bites or tick bites (e.g. dengue fever, rabies, and venoms)
Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
- Precautions to isolate or prevent exposure to bodily substances.
Basic Precautions and Practices
- Personal hygiene
- Protective equipment
- Equipment cleaning and disinfecting
Diseases of Concern
Disease | Signs and Symptoms | Infectious Material |
---|---|---|
Herpes | Lesions, general ill feeling, sore throat | Broken skin, mucous membrane |
Meningitis | Respiratory illness, sore throat, nausea, vomiting | Food and water, mucous membrane |
TB | Weight loss, night sweats, occasional fever, ill feeling | Saliva, airborne droplets |
Hepatitis | Flu-like symptoms, jaundice | Blood, saliva, semen, feces, food, water |
HIV / AIDS | Fever, night sweats, weight loss, diarrhea, fatigue, shortness of breath, swollen lymph nodes, lesions | Blood, semen, and vaginal fluids |
Starting First Aid
- Plan the course of action
- Gather necessary materials
- Initial response:
- Ask for help
- Intervene
- Do no further harm
- Provide instructions to helpers
Emergency Action Principles
- Survey the scene:
- Is it safe?
- What happened?
- How many people are injured?
- Are there bystanders to help?
-
Important Items:
- First aid kit
- Trauma shears
- Emergency blanket
- Gloves
- CPR Mouth shield
- Water
- Splints
- Triage tag
- Rope and pulleys
- Crow bar, pry bar
- Hydraulic cutters
- Axe, bolo
- Flood lamps, heavy-duty flashlights
Suggested First Aid Kit Contents
- Rubbing alcohol
- Povidone-iodine
- Cotton
- Gauze pads
- Tongue depressor
- Penlight
- Gloves
- Scissors (medical)
- Forceps
- Triangular bandage
- Elastic roller bandage
- Occlusive dressing
- Plasters
Dressing & Bandaging
- Dressing: sterile cloth for wound covering
- Bandage: any clean cloth used to secure a dressing
Do's and Don'ts in First Aid
-
Do's*
-
Obtain consent if possible
-
Assume the worst-case scenario
-
Identify yourself to the victim
-
Provide comfort and emotional support
-
Respect the victim's modesty and privacy
-
Be calm and direct
-
Treat the most serious injury first
-
Assist victims with prescribed medication
-
Keep onlookers away
-
Handle the victim as little as possible
-
Loosen tight clothing
-
Don'ts*
-
Do not let the victim see their injury
-
Do not leave the victim alone (except to get help)
-
Do not assume obvious injuries are the only ones
-
Do not make unrealistic promises
-
Do not rely on a confused victim's judgment to make decisions
Soft Tissue Injuries
- Wounds: breaks in the continuity of body tissue, internal or external
Classification of Wounds
- Open Wounds: breaks in the skin
- Closed Wounds: involve underlying tissues without a skin break
Types of Closed Wounds
- Contusions: bruises caused by blunt force
- Hematoma: blood collection under the skin
- Sprains: ligament damage
- Strains: muscle or tendon damage
Causes of Wounds
- External physical forces like accidents, falls, mishandling of sharp objects, machinery, or weapons.
Effects of Wounds
- Damage to the skin and body functions
- Blood loss
- Tissue destruction
- Nerve injury
- Functional disturbances
- Contamination with foreign materials
Types of Open Wounds
- Puncture: caused by penetrating pointed objects (nails, pins, ice picks, etc.): deep and narrow, potential for serious bleeding
- Abrasions: caused by scraping against rough surfaces: shallow, wide, oozing blood, prone to dirt contamination
- Lacerations: caused by blunt instruments (shrapnel, broken glass): torn with irregular edges, potential for serious or minor bleeding
- Avulsions: caused by explosions, animal bites, mishandling of tools: tissue forcefully separated from the body, potential for extensive damage
- Incisions: caused by sharp-bladed instruments (blades, razors, etc.): clean cut, deep, potential for severe bleeding.
Treatment for Abrasions:
- Wash the wound gently with soap and water
- Carefully remove visible debris with tweezers
- Pat the wound dry
- Apply topical antibiotic ointment
- Cover the wound with a bandage
- Change the dressing daily
- Monitor for signs of infection
- Consider a tetanus shot if severe
Treatment for Lacerations:
- Wash hands
- Control bleeding with gentle pressure and elevation
- Clean the wound with running water and soap, avoiding soap inside the wound
- Remove debris with clean tweezers
- Apply antibiotic ointment or petroleum jelly
- Cover the wound with a bandage
- Change the dressing daily
- Consider a tetanus shot for deep or dirty wounds
- Monitor for signs of infection
Treatment for Avulsions:
- Treatment depends on severity
- Stitches may be used to close deep wounds.
- Reattaching skin flaps may be possible if the flap is healthy and has good blood flow.
- Tubes may be used to drain excess fluid.
Treatment for Incisions:
- Follow steps for Lacerations.
- Note: This is a general guide and it is important to seek medical attention if the injury is severe or if you are concerned about its severity.*
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of first aid, including objectives, training purposes, and general directions for providing aid. It focuses on immediate care techniques and the importance of preparedness and safety awareness. Test your knowledge on how to effectively assist injured or ill individuals before professional help arrives.