Emergency Medical Response

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Questions and Answers

What is the best method to clear an obstruction from the airway of an intoxicated person who may have choked?

Abdominal thrust

Back blows and chest thrusts (correct)

Blind finger sweep

There are no chances and no maneuvers will be initiated

Start CPR

To control bleeding from a stab wound to the artery in the neck, you should apply pressure to which of the following arteries?

Radial artery

Jugular vein

Femoral artery

Carotid artery (correct)

Popliteal artery

In the case of a person shot with an arrow through the chest and out the back, what is the best course of action?

Do not remove the arrow; break off the part out the back, bandage with dressing around the arrow to hold it in place

Remove the arrow and apply sterile gauze to the wound

Remove the arrow, wash the area, and bandage with sterile gauze

Remove the arrow and call for help

Do not remove the arrow, place several dressings around the arrow to keep it from moving, and bandage the dressings in place (correct)

An adult victim should NOT be placed into the recovery (lateral) position in which of the following scenarios?

If conscious and breathing normally following successful resuscitation Signup and view all the answers

How long should a round of CPR typically last, approximately?

3 min Signup and view all the answers

An eight year old child is unconscious and the airway is blocked. You should NOT:

Check the pulse Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of a snoring sound heard when an unconscious patient is breathing?

Partial blockage of the airway by the tongue Signup and view all the answers

Basic Life Support includes the following components, EXCEPT:

In trauma includes fracture immobilisation Signup and view all the answers

What age is considered an infant for BLS purpose?

Under one year Signup and view all the answers

What does the alphabet ‘A’ in AVPU stand for?

Alert Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct depth of chest compressions on an adult victim?

6 - 8cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct medical term for when a victim's heart stops beating?

Cardiac arrest Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an additional administration of oxygen on a patient?

It increases the amount of oxygen that reaches the cells Signup and view all the answers

What does the chain of survival for adults include?

Activation for 112 system, CPR, Early defibrillation, ACLS Signup and view all the answers

What is the first thing that needs to be done when treating a patient with a cut or severed artery in the neck?

Call for help Signup and view all the answers

What position should the patient be placed into when preventing shock?

Laying down with elevated head Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum time you should spend checking for normal breathing?

20 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in care when finding an unresponsive adult versus an unresponsive child if you must leave the person to activate EMS?

Perform CPR first when with an adult; go for help first when with a child Signup and view all the answers

When checking for a pulse in an adult patient, how long should you check for it?

Check for at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why we put unconscious patients in the recovery position?

It allows blood to go easier to the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following manual airway maneuvers is NOT recommended for use on trauma patients?

Trauma mandible lift Signup and view all the answers

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation of an adult, chest compressions should ideally be 5 to 6 cm deep rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are correct statements regarding head tilt/chin lift?

Partially defines the Safar maneuver Signup and view all the answers

Which maneuvers are used for opening the airways?

Safar maneuver Signup and view all the answers

In a critically traumatised patient, which action is necessary to perform at the hospital stage?

Appreciation of vital signs Signup and view all the answers

What actions are part of deconstruction measures for severe airway obstruction in an unconscious infant?

Perform CPR (15 chest compressions, with one side of the finger below the intermamelonar line, 5 cm wide and 150/min frequency) Signup and view all the answers

When is CPR initiated?

The victim does not breathe and has no pulse Signup and view all the answers

What does a patient with partial airway obstruction typically present?

Noisy effective cough Signup and view all the answers

Select the correct statements regarding adult CPR.

The ratio between sternal compressions:ventilation is 30:2 Signup and view all the answers

Which ventilation methods are suitable for Basic Life Support (BLS) at point B?

Mouth-to-mask breathing Signup and view all the answers

What are desobstruction measures for severe airway obstruction in children aged 1-8 years?

5 interscapular blows with the verification of the removal of the foreign body Signup and view all the answers

If you find a collapsed victim, what is the first thing you should do?

Check the area for any potential dangers Signup and view all the answers

If a victim isn't breathing normally, what is the first thing you should do?

Call for emergency medical help and a defibrillator Signup and view all the answers

In a normal adult, the control of respiration by chemoreceptors in the brain is determined by sensing which of the following chemicals?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Signup and view all the answers

In a two-rescuer CPR situation, the person delivering ventilations should be positioned:

At the patient's head Signup and view all the answers

In infant CPR:

Press in the middle portion of sternum using two fingers Signup and view all the answers

It is acceptable to just perform chest compressions only if you are unable or not trained to deliver rescue breaths. Is this statement true or false?

True Signup and view all the answers

It is important to bandage both eyes of a patient with an object impaled in his or her eye because:

Both eyes move together and can result in further injury Signup and view all the answers

In a two-rescuer CPR situation, the person delivering ventilations should be positioned:

At the patient's head Signup and view all the answers

Laying a shock patient flat and elevating his or her legs will cause:

Blood to drain from the legs into the circulatory system Signup and view all the answers

Minor bleeding is best controlled by which of these?

Direct pressure Signup and view all the answers

Normal capillary refill time is:

2 seconds or less Signup and view all the answers

Normal respiratory rate in adults:

12-20/min Signup and view all the answers

Proper technique when performing head tilt chin lift includes:

Placing your fingers on the bony part of the lower jaw and bringing the chin forward Signup and view all the answers

Shock is defined MOST accurately as:

Cardiovascular system collapse Signup and view all the answers

The AHA guidelines for CPR recommended BLS sequence of steps to be:

Airway, Breathing, Compressions Signup and view all the answers

The appropriate landmark for performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient with a severe airway obstruction is:

Above the patient's xiphoid process Signup and view all the answers

The carotid pulse is felt at the:

Neck Signup and view all the answers

The condition in which a patient's heart rate is more than 100 is called:

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of knowing the mechanism of injury is to:

Identify life-threatening injuries that the patient has Signup and view all the answers

The purpose of the jaw-thrust technique is to:

Open the airway of an unconscious patient Signup and view all the answers

The victim is arranged in the lateral safety position if:

Victim is breathing and is unconscious Signup and view all the answers

Vital signs of the victim can be evaluated by, with exception:

State of drunkenness Signup and view all the answers

What action should you take if a victim vomits whilst you are performing CPR?

Roll them onto their side to clear the vomit, then continue CPR Signup and view all the answers

What age is considered a new-born for BLS purpose?

Until 28 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describe the most common factors that contribute to the development of cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children?

Cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is most often and result of deteriorations in cardiovascular function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding arterial bleeding from an extremity is the MOST correct?

Arterial blood will surge from the wound each heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding face and scalp wounds is the MOST correct?

Small lacerations can result in a profuse amount of bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding the brain's oxygen needs is correct?

The brain can survive up to 15 minutes without oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is not one of the first aid measures to follow in case of a severe cut?

Lower the injured part to stop bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options is the best way to control a nose bleed?

Make the person sit down leaning forward and squeeze nostrils together Signup and view all the answers

Why are ventilations delivered to a pediatric arrest person before seeking assistance in single-rescuer scenarios?

Most pediatric cardiac arrests are due to respiratory arrest Signup and view all the answers

You and a second rescuer are performing 2-rescuer CPR on an adult victim of cardiac arrest. When should your partner check for vital signs again?

After 5 cycles of 15 compressions and 2 ventilations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

A round of CPR should last 5 cycles or approximately 2 minutes
For adults, the correct compression rate is at least 100-120 per minute
For any victim, the correct compression rate is at least 100-120 per minute
CPR compressions should be delivered hard and fast in the middle of the victim's chest
CPR in child (10 years old) will start with 30 compressions/2 ventilations
CPR in newborn is performed with 30 compressions/1 ventilation
CPR is initiated and the person's pulse returns, but they are not breathing, ventilation rate should be 10-12 breaths per minute
Efforts to relieve choking should be stopped when the obstruction is removed, the victim becomes unresponsive, or the ambulance arrives and takes over

Airway Management

If a patient with an airway obstruction becomes unresponsive, lay them on the ground, open the airway, and attempt to give two rescue breaths
If an unresponsive victim is making intermittent gasping noises rather than breathing normally, start chest compression immediately
Normal respiratory rate in adults: 12-20/min
The most common cause of airway obstruction in unconscious patients is a flaccid tongue blocking the hypopharynx

Bleeding and Shock

External bleeding can be controlled mostly by applying direct pressure to the wound
Shock is defined as a failure of the circulatory system
The most common cause of shock is hemorrhage
Laying a shock patient flat and elevating their legs will cause blood to drain from the legs into the circulatory system

Medical Response

If someone is bleeding from a wound, the first thing to do is to apply pressure to the injury
If a person isn't breathing normally, the first thing to do is to check for a pulse in the neck
If a victim isn't breathing normally, the first thing to do is to give two rescue breaths
If you are alone and come upon a person who may need CPR, the first thing to do is to call for emergency medical help and a defibrillator

Trauma Management

The first priority of trauma management and resuscitation is assuring scene safety
The most important concern about a rib fracture is underlying organ injury
The most important early observation that reveals developing respiratory compromise after trauma is increased respiratory rate### Blood Vessels Failure
Proper hand position for chest compression in a 3-month-old: 2 fingertips, just below the nipple line
Purpose of knowing the mechanism of injury: to identify life-threatening injuries

Airway Management

Purpose of jaw-thrust technique: to open the airway of an unconscious patient without manipulating the neck
Proper way to dress most burn injuries in the pre-hospital setting: dry sterile dressings

Cardiac Arrest

Technique of external cardiac compression in an adult: place hand between navel and xiphoid process
Ratio of compressions to ventilations for adult CPR: 30:2
Depth of chest compressions on an adult victim: 5-6 cm
Effect of additional administration of oxygen on a patient: increases the amount of oxygen that reaches the cells

###Shock Management

Treatment for a victim in shock: elevating the legs and feet above the level of the heart
Positioning a patient to prevent shock: laying down with elevated head
Action to take if a victim vomits while performing CPR: roll them onto their side to clear the vomit, then continue CPR

Choking and Breathing

Action to take if an unconscious choking victim: give chest thrusts (adult), back blows and chest thrusts (infant)
Ventilation rate for an infant: 16-20 breaths/min
Protection during CPR: gloves and a breathing device

Bleeding Control

Action to control severe external bleeding: apply direct pressure, elevate the affected limb, and apply a tourniquet if necessary
Management of arterial bleeding from an extremity: direct pressure, elevation, and pressure point compression
Management of face and scalp wounds: control bleeding with direct pressure, use a sterile dressing

Resuscitation

Ratio of compressions to ventilations for infant and child CPR: 30:2
Factors contributing to cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children: respiratory function deterioration
Action to take if an infant or child is unresponsive: call for help, start CPR
Importance of oxygen for the brain: sensitive to oxygen lack, brief lack of oxygen can cause death### Controlling Nosebleeds
To control a nosebleed, sit the person upright, leaning forward, and pinch the nostrils together.

Responding to Unresponsive Victims

If you find an unresponsive victim, ensure scene safety, then check for responsiveness and airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs).
If the victim is not breathing, start CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) by calling for help, starting chest compressions, and giving rescue breaths.

CPR for Adults

CPR sequence for adults: 30 chest compressions, 2 breaths.
Continue CPR until the ambulance arrives or the victim shows signs of regaining consciousness.

Responding to Choking Victims

If a person is choking, encourage them to cough to dislodge the object.
Back blows or abdominal thrusts may be necessary to dislodge the object.

Bleeding Control

To control bleeding, lay the victim down, apply dressing, apply direct pressure, and elevate the limb.
Call for help and send someone to get an ambulance.

Airway Obstruction

Check for signs of airway obstruction, such as difficulty breathing, cyanosis, or unconsciousness.
Remove any visible obstructions and perform back blows or abdominal thrusts as necessary.

Respiratory Arrest

If the victim is not breathing, start CPR and continue until the ambulance arrives or the victim shows signs of regaining consciousness.

Cardiac Arrest

If the victim is unresponsive and not breathing, start CPR with chest compressions and rescue breaths.
Continue CPR until the ambulance arrives or the victim shows signs of regaining consciousness.

Airway Management

To open an airway, tilt the head back and lift the chin or perform a jaw thrust.
Check for breathing by listening and feeling for air, and looking for chest rise.

Breathing Assessment

Check for signs of inadequate breathing, such as irregular respiratory rate, shallow breathing, or apnea.
Check for equal breath sounds on both sides of the chest.

Circulation Assessment

Check for signs of inadequate circulation, such as pale or cyanotic skin, delayed capillary refill, or weak pulses.

Recovery Position

If the victim is unresponsive but breathing, place them in the recovery position (lateral) to keep their airway open.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Sequence

CPR sequence for adults: 30 chest compressions, 2 breaths.
CPR sequence for children: 30 chest compressions, 2 breaths.
CPR sequence for infants: 30 chest compressions, 2 breaths.

Bleeding Control

Direct pressure, elevation, and pressure points are used to control bleeding.

Airway Obstruction Removal

Back blows, abdominal thrusts, and chest compressions are used to remove airway obstructions.

Cardio-Respiratory Arrest

Cardiac arrest can occur due to respiratory arrest, electrolyte imbalance, or other causes.
CPR is performed until the ambulance arrives or the victim shows signs of regaining consciousness.

Vital Signs

Assess vital signs, including pulse, breathing rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation.

Bleeding Classification

Bleeding can be classified as arterial, venous, or capillary.

Chest Compressions

Chest compressions should be performed at a rate of 100-120/min for adults, 100-120/min for children, and 30-35/min for infants.

Ventilation Rate

Ventilation rate for adults: 12 breaths/min.
Ventilation rate for children: 20 breaths/min.
Ventilation rate for infants: 30-35 breaths/min.

Cardiorespiratory Resuscitation

Cardiorespiratory resuscitation (CPR) is performed until the ambulance arrives or the victim shows signs of regaining consciousness.

Airway Management

Airway management includes assessing airway patency, removing obstructions, and providing oxygen.

Breathing Assessment

Breathing assessment includes checking for signs of inadequate breathing, such as irregular respiratory rate, shallow breathing, or apnea.

Circulation Assessment

Circulation assessment includes checking for signs of inadequate circulation, such as pale or cyanotic skin, delayed capillary refill, or weak pulses.

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This quiz tests your knowledge of emergency medical response techniques, including clearing airway obstructions and controlling bleeding.

Emergency Medical Response

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Questions and Answers

What is the best method to clear an obstruction from the airway of an intoxicated person who may have choked?

To control bleeding from a stab wound to the artery in the neck, you should apply pressure to which of the following arteries?

In the case of a person shot with an arrow through the chest and out the back, what is the best course of action?

An adult victim should NOT be placed into the recovery (lateral) position in which of the following scenarios?

How long should a round of CPR typically last, approximately?

An eight year old child is unconscious and the airway is blocked. You should NOT:

What is the likely cause of a snoring sound heard when an unconscious patient is breathing?

Basic Life Support includes the following components, EXCEPT:

What age is considered an infant for BLS purpose?

What does the alphabet ‘A’ in AVPU stand for?

What is the correct depth of chest compressions on an adult victim?

What is the correct medical term for when a victim's heart stops beating?

What is the effect of an additional administration of oxygen on a patient?

What does the chain of survival for adults include?

What is the first thing that needs to be done when treating a patient with a cut or severed artery in the neck?

What position should the patient be placed into when preventing shock?

What is the maximum time you should spend checking for normal breathing?

What is the main difference in care when finding an unresponsive adult versus an unresponsive child if you must leave the person to activate EMS?

When checking for a pulse in an adult patient, how long should you check for it?

Which of the following is NOT a reason why we put unconscious patients in the recovery position?

Which of the following manual airway maneuvers is NOT recommended for use on trauma patients?

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation of an adult, chest compressions should ideally be 5 to 6 cm deep rate of 100-120 compressions per minute.

Which of the following are correct statements regarding head tilt/chin lift?

Which maneuvers are used for opening the airways?

In a critically traumatised patient, which action is necessary to perform at the hospital stage?

What actions are part of deconstruction measures for severe airway obstruction in an unconscious infant?

When is CPR initiated?

What does a patient with partial airway obstruction typically present?

Select the correct statements regarding adult CPR.

Which ventilation methods are suitable for Basic Life Support (BLS) at point B?

What are desobstruction measures for severe airway obstruction in children aged 1-8 years?

If you find a collapsed victim, what is the first thing you should do?

If a victim isn't breathing normally, what is the first thing you should do?

In a normal adult, the control of respiration by chemoreceptors in the brain is determined by sensing which of the following chemicals?

In a two-rescuer CPR situation, the person delivering ventilations should be positioned:

In infant CPR:

It is acceptable to just perform chest compressions only if you are unable or not trained to deliver rescue breaths. Is this statement true or false?

It is important to bandage both eyes of a patient with an object impaled in his or her eye because:

In a two-rescuer CPR situation, the person delivering ventilations should be positioned:

Laying a shock patient flat and elevating his or her legs will cause:

Minor bleeding is best controlled by which of these?

Normal capillary refill time is:

Normal respiratory rate in adults:

Proper technique when performing head tilt chin lift includes:

Shock is defined MOST accurately as:

The AHA guidelines for CPR recommended BLS sequence of steps to be:

The appropriate landmark for performing abdominal thrusts on a conscious patient with a severe airway obstruction is:

The carotid pulse is felt at the:

The condition in which a patient's heart rate is more than 100 is called:

The purpose of knowing the mechanism of injury is to:

The purpose of the jaw-thrust technique is to:

The victim is arranged in the lateral safety position if:

Vital signs of the victim can be evaluated by, with exception:

What action should you take if a victim vomits whilst you are performing CPR?

What age is considered a new-born for BLS purpose?

Which of the following statements best describe the most common factors that contribute to the development of cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children?

Which of the following statements regarding arterial bleeding from an extremity is the MOST correct?

Which of the following statements regarding face and scalp wounds is the MOST correct?

Which of the following statements regarding the brain's oxygen needs is correct?

Which of these is not one of the first aid measures to follow in case of a severe cut?

Which of these options is the best way to control a nose bleed?

Why are ventilations delivered to a pediatric arrest person before seeking assistance in single-rescuer scenarios?

You and a second rescuer are performing 2-rescuer CPR on an adult victim of cardiac arrest. When should your partner check for vital signs again?

Study Notes

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Airway Management

Bleeding and Shock

Medical Response

Trauma Management

Airway Management

Cardiac Arrest

Choking and Breathing

Bleeding Control

Resuscitation

Responding to Unresponsive Victims

CPR for Adults