CPR Techniques and Defibrillation

CPR Techniques

• Ratio: 30:2 (30 compressions to 2 breaths) for adult, child, and infant
• Compression depth: At least 2 inches (5 cm) for adults, 1/3 to 1/2 of the chest cavity for infants and children
• Compression rate: 100-120 compressions per minute
• Rescue breaths: Each breath should last approximately 1 second, with a volume of 500-600 mL
• CPR sequence: Call 911/activate EMS, start CPR (compressions first), use AED (if available)

Defibrillation

• Automated External Defibrillator (AED): A device that analyzes heart rhythm and delivers a shock if necessary
• AED use: Follow device instructions, ensure good electrode contact, stand clear during shock
• AED contraindications: None, but avoid using AED on a person with a pulse or in a hazardous environment

Cardiac Arrest Management

• Recognition: Unresponsive, not breathing, no pulse
• Call for help: Activate EMS or call 911
• Start CPR: Begin compressions and continue until AED or EMS arrives
• Use AED: If available, follow device instructions
• Continue care: Until EMS arrives or the person's heart starts beating again

Choking Relief

• Recognition: Inability to cough, speak, or breathe
• Back blows: 5 rapid blows between the shoulder blades, repeat until object is dislodged
• Abdominal thrusts: Quick upward thrusts, repeat until object is dislodged
• Choking relief sequence: Back blows, abdominal thrusts, repeat until object is dislodged

Rescue Breathing

• Purpose: To provide oxygen to a person who is not breathing
• Ratio: 1 breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12 breaths per minute)
• Breath volume: 500-600 mL for adults, 200-300 mL for children and infants
• Breath duration: 1 second per breath
• Rescue breathing sequence: 2 breaths, then reassess the person's airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs)

CPR Techniques

• The ratio for CPR is 30:2 for adults, children, and infants, meaning 30 compressions to 2 breaths.
• Compression depth should be at least 2 inches (5 cm) for adults and 1/3 to 1/2 of the chest cavity for infants and children.
• The compression rate should be 100-120 compressions per minute.
• Each rescue breath should last approximately 1 second, with a volume of 500-600 mL.
• The CPR sequence involves calling 911/activating EMS, starting CPR with compressions, and using an AED (if available).

Defibrillation

• An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a device that analyzes heart rhythm and delivers a shock if necessary.
• When using an AED, follow the device's instructions, ensure good electrode contact, and stand clear during the shock.
• There are no contraindications for AED use, but avoid using it on a person with a pulse or in a hazardous environment.

Cardiac Arrest Management

• Recognize cardiac arrest by checking for an unresponsive person who is not breathing and has no pulse.
• Call 911/activate EMS immediately.
• Start CPR with compressions and continue until the AED or EMS arrives.
• If available, use an AED by following the device's instructions.
• Continue care until EMS arrives or the person's heart starts beating again.

Choking Relief

• Recognize choking by checking for an inability to cough, speak, or breathe.
• Provide back blows with 5 rapid blows between the shoulder blades, repeating until the object is dislodged.
• If back blows are ineffective, use abdominal thrusts with quick upward thrusts, repeating until the object is dislodged.
• The choking relief sequence involves back blows, followed by abdominal thrusts, until the object is dislodged.

Rescue Breathing

• The purpose of rescue breathing is to provide oxygen to a person who is not breathing.
• The ratio for rescue breathing is 1 breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12 breaths per minute).
• The breath volume should be 500-600 mL for adults and 200-300 mL for children and infants.
• Each breath should last approximately 1 second.
• The rescue breathing sequence involves providing 2 breaths, then reassessing the person's airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs).