First Aid Basics Quiz

First Aid Basics

• First aid is immediate and temporary care for sudden illness or injury, including self-help and home care.
• First aid bridges the time gap until a doctor can provide treatment.
• First aid goals include saving lives, extending life, relieving suffering, and preventing further harm.

Qualities of a Good First Aider

• Gentle to avoid causing pain and panic.
• Observant to identify important signs.
• Resourceful in using available resources.
• Tactful in avoiding frightening the victim.
• Sympathetic to comfort and reassure the victim.

Principles of First Aid

• Do's:
  • Stay calm.
  • Reassure and comfort the victim.
  • Check for medical bracelets.
  • Loosen tight clothing.
  • Keep the victim covered to reduce shock.
• Don'ts:
  • Give food or drink to an unconscious person.
  • Move an injured person unless necessary to place them in the recovery position.

Assessing Emergency Situations

• Safety First:
  • Identify potential dangers.
  • Manage hazards if possible.
  • Call for emergency help if hazards cannot be managed.
  • Protect the scene.
• Check for Consciousness:
  • Gently shake the shoulders and ask, "Are you okay?"
  • Treat any life-threatening conditions if the victim responds.
• Open the Airway:
  • Use the head tilt chin lift method.
  • Look for obstructions.

Primary Survey

• Check for Consciousness:
  • Ask "Are you okay?"
  • Immediate medical help is needed if the victim doesn't respond.
• Open the Airway:
  • Perform the head tilt chin lift method.
  • Identify any airway obstructions.
• Check for Breathing:
  • Observe chest movements.
  • Listen for breathing sounds.
  • Feel for breath on your cheek.
• Check for Circulation:
  • Locate a pulse using middle and index fingers (avoid the thumb).
  • A pulse means circulation, crucial for heart and brain function.
  • Pale skin points to poor circulation.

Secondary Survey

• History Taking (SAMPLE Pain):

  • Symptoms: What's happening?
  • Allergies: Any known allergies?
  • Medications: What medications are they taking?
  • Past Illnesses: Previous medical conditions?
  • Last Meal: When was the last meal?
  • Events: What happened before the injury or illness?
  • Period of Pain: Duration of pain?
  • Area: Where is the pain?
  • Intensity: How severe is the pain?
  • Nature/Quality: What does the pain feel like?
  • What eased or resolved the pain?

• Checking for Vital Signs:

  • Pulse rate: Use middle and index fingers (avoid the thumb).
    • Pulse points: Brachial, Carotid, Wrist, Temporal, Subclavian, Axillary, and Femoral
  • Temperature: Use a thermometer (rectal, oral, or axillary).
  • Respiration: Count breaths per minute.
    • Wheezing (like asthma).
    • Gurgling or snoring (possible airway obstruction).
    • Difficulty breathing (possible airway obstruction).
    • Normal adult respiration: 12-20 breaths per minute.
  • Skin Color: Pink and warm indicates good circulation.
    • Mucus around the mouth, inner eyelids, and nail beds indicate poor circulation.

• Head-to-Toe Examination:

  • Head and Neck: Look for lacerations, concussions, or fluid/blood.
  • Eyes: Watch pupils.
    • Dilated pupils: Shock.
    • Very small pupils: Possible poisoning or drug use.
    • Unequal pupils: Head injury.
    • Normal pupils: Small and responsive.
    • No pupil reaction: Possible death.
  • Chest: Examine for cuts, bruises, and penetrations. Pain may mean rib fractures.
  • Abdomen: Check for pain, tenderness, and lumps. Immediate care is necessary if issues are present.
  • Back: Check for movement and sensation in extremities. Immobilize if necessary.

Dressing and Bandaging

• Dressing: Sterile cloth covering a wound to prevent infection and stop bleeding.
• Bandages: Support the dressing.
• Bandage Uses: Apply pressure, cover wounds/burns, immobilize fractures/sprains/strains.
• Bandage Types: Gauze, triangular, elastic, tubular.

Types of Wounds

• Puncture: Piercing wound (e.g., nail, needle).
• Abrasion: Rubbing/scraping the skin.
• Incision: Cut from a sharp object.
• Laceration: Tearing of tissue, often from accidents.
• Avulsion: Tearing away of tissue.

Carrying and Transporting a Victim

• Factors to Consider: Victim's weight, consciousness, environment safety (smooth/uneven floor, narrow/wide pathway), and special medical needs.
• One-Man Transport: Fireman's carry (light/smaller weight), back strap (smaller victim), shoulder drag (smooth areas), fireman's drag/hand scroll (crawling under obstacles), blanket drag (serious injury, avoid lifting).
• Three or More Man Transport: Hammock carry (three first aiders), better alongside carry, six man lift/carry.

First Aid for Common Injuries

(Existing information is repeated here unchanged)

Other Considerations

• Students will film instructional videos on common unintentional injuries.
• Use available bandages, dressings, other first aid supplies.
• Videos should be between 1-3 minutes long; must be in either Filipino or English.

Test your knowledge of first aid principles and practices with this quiz. Learn about the qualities of a good first aider, essential do's and don'ts, and how to assess emergency situations effectively. This quiz is a great way to ensure you're prepared for unexpected health crises.