220-04 Mayday

Questions and Answers

What is the primary action Mayday firefighters should take if they are unable to find a door or window?

Attempt to find an exterior wall. (correct)

Stay in place until rescued by a team.

Send a distress signal via radio.

Search for a hose line to follow out of the structure.

During a Mayday situation, how should firefighters manage their air supply?

Conserve air by only speaking to their partner.

Engage in physical activity to stay warm and alert.

Control their breathing and avoid nonessential talk. (correct)

Breathe normally without concern as long as they are alert.

What should Mayday firefighters use as a last resort if their SCBA air supply is depleted?

A cloth mask from the station.

An emergency oxygen tank from the battalion.

A Nomex hood or particulate filter. (correct)

Nothing; they should wait for rescue.

What is the key benefit of Mayday firefighters staying intact as a company?

It enhances their chances of being found and rescued. Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT recommended for Mayday firefighters when managing a stressful situation?

Engaging in nonessential physical activity. Signup and view all the answers

What defines an Area of Safe Refuge for firefighters?

A space free from hazards and isolation from fire. Signup and view all the answers

What should a firefighter do if they find themselves devoid of a hose line during a Mayday situation?

Look for walls to search for openings leading outside. Signup and view all the answers

In a Mayday situation, what should firefighters avoid doing to enhance their chance of survival?

Talking to other firefighters consistently. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary situation in which a firefighter should declare a 'Mayday'?

When lost, trapped, or seriously injured Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following responsibilities does the Dispatcher have when a 'Mayday' is declared?

Call for 'Emergency Traffic' if the Incident Commander does not Signup and view all the answers

What action must be taken by the entire company if any member declares a 'Mayday'?

Exit the IDLH environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of these scenarios does NOT warrant a 'Mayday' declaration?

Feeling fatigued after a shift Signup and view all the answers

What is one responsibility of the Incident Commander during a 'Mayday' situation?

Stay on the original channel during tactical activities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'Mayday' in a firefighting context?

A call for immediate assistance in dangerous situations Signup and view all the answers

When a 'Mayday' is declared, what must happen to the fire suppression or tactical operations?

They should switch channels Signup and view all the answers

Which personnel has the authority to declare a 'Mayday'?

Any Fire Rescue personnel Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action a firefighter should take upon recognizing a Mayday situation?

Activate the orange emergency button on the portable radio. Signup and view all the answers

How long should the orange emergency button be pressed to activate it?

4 seconds. Signup and view all the answers

What does the activation of the orange emergency button initiate?

A 20-second open mic. Signup and view all the answers

In the LUNAR format, what does the 'U' stand for?

Unit. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the LUNAR format?

Time since incident. Signup and view all the answers

When using the pass device during a Mayday situation, what should the firefighter do?

Keep it on until located by the RIC/RIG. Signup and view all the answers

If a pass device interferes with communications, what is the recommended action?

Turn it off temporarily. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the role of personnel assigned to other tasks during a Mayday situation?

They must remain focused on their assigned tasks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method for conducting a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) once a Mayday is declared?

Face-to-face Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should NOT be a priority for the Incident Commander once a Mayday is declared?

Engaging in non-emergency traffic Signup and view all the answers

What role should the Incident Safety Officer consider requesting after a Mayday declaration?

A Safety Officer Assistant Signup and view all the answers

Who is preferred to manage the Mayday scenario designated by the Incident Commander?

The Chief Officer Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical action regarding communication for personnel not engaged in the Mayday emergency?

They should exercise radio silence. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the responsibilities of the Incident Commander during a Mayday incident?

Call for Emergency Traffic Signup and view all the answers

How should personnel be positioned upon a Mayday declaration to assist the missing firefighter?

Position on the exterior of windows and doors Signup and view all the answers

What is critical for the Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) deployment during a Mayday situation?

Sufficient number for effective location and extrication Signup and view all the answers

What position should a Mayday firefighter assume in the Area of Safe Refuge to maximize audible effects of the PASS device?

Horizontal position on the floor Signup and view all the answers

In the Area of Safe Refuge, which method should a Mayday firefighter use to increase the chances of being seen by rescuers?

Positioning a flashlight toward the ceiling Signup and view all the answers

What should a Mayday firefighter do to provide audible alerts to rescuers?

Tap on a nearby surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step a Mayday firefighter should take upon entering an Area of Safe Refuge?

Notify the Rescue operation Signup and view all the answers

When the Incident Commander determines the Mayday operation is completed, what may happen to the TAC channel?

It may be released in accordance with Emergency Traffic Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered by the Incident Commander after a Mayday incident due to its significance?

Activate the CISM team for support Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary reasons for a firefighter to be next to a wall, doorway, or hallway in the Area of Safe Refuge?

To increase the chances of a quick discovery by the RIC Signup and view all the answers

What should be referenced for an After Action Review related to Mayday incidents?

SOG 430-01 Signup and view all the answers

Which situation does NOT warrant the use of the term 'Mayday' for firefighters?

When a firefighter is overwhelmed by the fire environment Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason firefighters might declare a 'Mayday'?

Being lost or disoriented Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT require a Mayday declaration?

When a firefighter has minor injuries Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following situations is most appropriate for declaring a 'Mayday'?

When experiencing a potential air emergency Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is the term 'Mayday' most likely to be declared?

When a firefighter feels disoriented in a burning structure Signup and view all the answers

Que doit faire l'ensemble de la compagnie si un membre déclare un 'Mayday'?

Evacuer l'IDLH immédiatement Signup and view all the answers

Quel est l'impact d'un 'Mayday' sur les opérations de lutte contre l'incendie?

Les opérations doivent être suspendues. Signup and view all the answers

Quel est l'objectif principal de l'évacuation de l'IDLH en cas de 'Mayday'?

Assurer la sécurité des membres de l'équipe Signup and view all the answers

Que signifie la déclaration d'un 'Mayday' pour l'équipe de secours?

Un membre de l'équipe rencontre des difficultés Signup and view all the answers

Pourquoi est-il crucial que toute la compagnie évacue lors d'un 'Mayday'?

Pour assurer que les membres soient regroupés pour le soutien Signup and view all the answers

What must happen to the original channel during a Mayday operation when an additional TAC channel is required?

The Mayday operation must remain on the original channel. Signup and view all the answers

What should the fire suppression or tactical activities do if an additional TAC channel is required during a Mayday operation?

Switch to the additional TAC channel. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct about channel management during a Mayday operation?

The Mayday operation must stay on the original channel while others can switch. Signup and view all the answers

When a Mayday operation is in progress, what is the key restriction regarding the original channel?

The original channel must be maintained for the Mayday operation. Signup and view all the answers

In a Mayday situation requiring an additional TAC channel, what is required of the tactical operations?

They must switch to the newly assigned TAC channel. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the actions the Dispatcher must take once a 'Mayday' is declared?

Call for 'Emergency Traffic' if not done by the Incident Commander. Signup and view all the answers

Which group must the Dispatcher inform about the 'Mayday' situation?

The Fire Operations Officer and Dispatch Supervisor. Signup and view all the answers

What action does the Dispatcher take related to Trauma Hawk during a 'Mayday' situation?

Put Trauma Hawk on stand-by. Signup and view all the answers

How should the Dispatcher communicate with the Incident Commander during a 'Mayday' declaration?

By providing essential information directly to them. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the Dispatcher after a 'Mayday' is declared?

Notify the public about the situation. Signup and view all the answers

What may be the most difficult incident for an Incident Commander to manage?

A Mayday situation Signup and view all the answers

Why might managing resources during a Mayday situation be particularly challenging?

Situations can rapidly change and escalate. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a Mayday situation adds to its difficulty for the Incident Commander?

Controlling resources and personnel Signup and view all the answers

In terms of incident management, how does a Mayday situation differ from other emergencies?

It often requires a rapid and coordinated response. Signup and view all the answers

What type of scenario presents a significant challenge for Incident Commanders?

A Mayday circumstance Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is essential for the Incident Commander to maintain during an incident?

Strong command presence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following traits should the Incident Commander exhibit to effectively manage stressful situations?

Composure Signup and view all the answers

What personal quality is important for the Incident Commander to display?

Self‐control Signup and view all the answers

Which element is crucial for effective leadership by the Incident Commander?

Self‐discipline Signup and view all the answers

In addition to a strong command presence, what is another critical trait for the Incident Commander?

Composure Signup and view all the answers

Which action should the Incident Commander take first upon a Mayday declaration?

Activate the Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred method for conducting a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) during a Mayday?

Face-to-face communication Signup and view all the answers

What should be prioritized when restructuring incident objectives during a Mayday situation?

Rescue of the firefighter in distress Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT recommended when a Mayday is declared?

Neglect emergency traffic communications Signup and view all the answers

What role should the Incident Commander designate for managing the Mayday situation?

Incident Safety Officer (ISO) Signup and view all the answers

What should the Incident Safety Officer consider after a Mayday declaration?

Requesting an Assistant Safety Officer(s) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consideration for an Incident Safety Officer during a Mayday incident?

Managing public relations with bystanders Signup and view all the answers

Who should be contacted if the Incident Safety Officer requires additional support during a Mayday?

An Assistant Safety Officer(s) Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible action an Incident Safety Officer may take after a Mayday is declared?

Consider requesting Assistant Safety Officer(s) Signup and view all the answers

Which task is NOT typically handled by the Incident Safety Officer during a Mayday situation?

Communicating with the media Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action a firefighter should take upon recognizing a Mayday situation?

Activate the orange emergency button on the portable radio. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the order of actions to be taken in a Mayday situation?

Activate the orange emergency button, announce Mayday, and report LUNAR information. Signup and view all the answers

What should firefighters do after declaring a Mayday and activating their pass device?

Attempt to Self-Rescue. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the LUNAR format in a Mayday situation?

To provide a structured emergency communication. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the preferred actions to take when a firefighter recognizes a Mayday?

Immediately self-rescue without further communication. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action initiated by the activation of the orange emergency button?

Sends an emergency alert to all Communication Center consoles Signup and view all the answers

How long does the orange emergency button activate the open mic?

20 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a secondary function of the orange emergency button?

Initiates 20 seconds of an open mic Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of the orange emergency button?

Starting a fire suppression protocol Signup and view all the answers

Which action occurs simultaneously when the orange emergency button is activated?

An emergency alert is sent to all Communication Center consoles Signup and view all the answers

How long should the orange emergency button be pressed to activate it?

4 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which device can be used to activate the orange emergency button?

Either portable or remote speaker mic Signup and view all the answers

What does pressing the orange emergency button initiate?

An emergency alert signal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid method to activate the orange emergency button?

Foot pedal activation Signup and view all the answers

What should be ensured while activating the orange emergency button?

Holding it down steadily for 4 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the pass device after communication has been completed?

It must be manually reactivated. Signup and view all the answers

When can the pass device be turned off temporarily?

When it interferes with communications. Signup and view all the answers

How long should the pass device remain activated?

Until the Mayday firefighter is located by the RIC/RIG. Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT appropriate regarding the pass device?

Using it as a distraction during stressful situations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the pass device during a Mayday situation?

To mark the location of the firefighter. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for Mayday firefighters to remain intact as a Company?

To increase their chances of being found and rescued. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of firefighters staying as a Company in a Mayday situation?

Increased likelihood of encountering additional hazards. Signup and view all the answers

Which action should Mayday firefighters prioritize to enhance their survival chances?

Adhering to their company structure. Signup and view all the answers

In a Mayday scenario, what should firefighters do to improve their chances of being located?

Remain close to each other as a unit. Signup and view all the answers

Why is maintaining company integrity critical during a Mayday situation?

It enhances communication and teamwork. Signup and view all the answers

What should Mayday firefighters avoid doing to conserve air supply?

Engaging in nonessential talking Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for Mayday firefighters to control their physical exertion?

To extend their SCBA air supply Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT recommended for firefighters during a Mayday situation?

Maintaining unnecessary conversation Signup and view all the answers

What should firefighters do to properly manage SCBA air supply during a Mayday?

Control and pace their physical exertion Signup and view all the answers

What is a key recommendation for Mayday firefighters in terms of activity?

Limit unnecessary physical exertion Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an Area of Safe Refuge?

A protective area free from any hazard Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT be found in an Area of Safe Refuge?

Heat and fire exposure Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a firefighter most likely utilize an Area of Safe Refuge?

When facing an imminent threat or loss of control Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for the Area of Safe Refuge to be isolated from heat?

To safeguard individuals from potential hazards Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is critical for an Area of Safe Refuge?

Isolation from hazardous conditions Signup and view all the answers

What position should a Mayday firefighter assume in the Area of Safe Refuge to maximize their chances of being discovered by the Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)?

Next to a wall, doorway, or hallway Signup and view all the answers

Which action enhances the chances of a Mayday firefighter's flashlight being seen?

Positioning the flashlight towards the ceiling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Mayday firefighter making tapping noises?

To provide audible alerts to rescuers Signup and view all the answers

In the Area of Safe Refuge, how should a Mayday firefighter position themselves on the floor?

Taking a horizontal position Signup and view all the answers

What strategy should a Mayday firefighter adopt to improve their visibility during a rescue?

Position a flashlight toward the ceiling Signup and view all the answers

Why should the Incident Commander consider activation of the CISM team during a Mayday situation?

To manage the psychological impact on firefighters involved. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main significance of a Mayday event in a firefighter's career?

It can be a pivotal event affecting all personnel involved. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Incident Commander play during a Mayday incident?

They coordinate the entire response effort and safety for all involved. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary consideration for the Incident Commander after a Mayday incident?

Reviewing and discussing the psychological effects on firefighters. Signup and view all the answers

What may happen to the TAC channel once the Incident Commander determines the Mayday operation is completed?

It could be closed to reset operations. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Purpose and Authority

Establishes general and emergency radio procedures for training or incidents.
Authority vested in Fire Rescue Administrator.

Scope of Guidelines

Applies to all Emergency Operations personnel.

Mayday Definition

"Mayday" used when firefighters are lost, trapped, disoriented, seriously injured, facing air emergencies, or in immediate need of help.
Can be declared by any Fire Rescue personnel for themselves or others.
Upon Mayday declaration, the entire company must exit Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) areas.

Dispatcher Responsibilities

Follow Emergency Traffic protocol post-Mayday declaration.
Call for “Emergency Traffic” if not initiated by Incident Commander.
Relay pertinent info to Incident Commander and notify Fire Operations Officer.
Place Trauma Hawk on standby.

Incident Command Responsibilities

Control of resources and personnel is critical in a Mayday situation.
Critical elements include maintaining command presence, composure, and self-control.
Steps post-Mayday:
- Call for “Emergency Traffic” and obtain LUNAR (Location, Unit, Name, Air, Resources).
- Consider additional Alarm and activate Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC).
- Conduct Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) and prioritize firefighter rescue.
- Designate another Chief Officer to manage the Mayday.

Incident Safety Officer Responsibilities

May consider requesting Assistant Safety Officer(s) once a Mayday is declared.

Rapid Intervention Company (RIC) Guidelines

Deployment must be sufficient to locate and extricate missing firefighters.

Company Responsibilities (Non-RIC/RIG)

Personnel not engaged in the Mayday must maintain radio silence.
Exceptions include Incident Commander, Mayday firefighters, and RIC/RIG members.

Responsibilities of Firefighters Declaring Mayday

Should activate the orange emergency button on the radio for alerts and open mic.
Announce “Mayday” on TAC channel and convey critical information in LUNAR format.
Manually activate PASS device and attempt self-rescue if possible.

Self-Rescue Strategies

Stay as a cohesive Company to enhance chances of being found.
Control breathing and minimize unnecessary activity to extend SCBA air supply.
If air supply depletes, use other methods for survival (e.g., particulate filter, Nomex hood).

Extraction Procedures

Attempt to locate exits and follow hose lines to avoid abandonment.
Search for doorways or walls if exits are not visible.

Area of Safe Refuge

Refers to safe, hazard-free areas like isolated rooms.
Should be used when unable to exit, and the Rescue operation must be notified.
Techniques for increased discovery chances include remaining next to walls and using flashlights.

Ending the Mayday

TAC channel can be released when Incident Commander resolves Mayday operations.

Post Incident Considerations

Refer to After Action Review and activate Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) for responders involved.

Use of "Mayday" in Firefighter Emergencies

"Mayday" is an international distress signal indicating life-threatening emergencies.
This term is specifically applied when firefighters face critical situations requiring immediate assistance.
Situations triggering a "Mayday" call include:
- Lost: Firefighters unable to navigate or find their way in operational environments.
- Trapped: When firefighters are physically confined or unable to escape from danger.
- Disoriented: Loss of situational awareness, complicating safe movement and task execution.
- Seriously injured: Indicating severe injuries that compromise the firefighter’s ability to continue operations.
- Air emergency: In instances of respiratory issues or concerns regarding air supply.
- In need of immediate help: General requirement for urgent assistance to ensure safety and survival.

Mayday Emergency Protocol

Personnel not actively engaged must resist the urge to assist a Mayday firefighter.
Mayday is declared for situations where a firefighter is lost, trapped, disoriented, seriously injured, in air emergency, or in immediate need of help.
Activation of the emergency button on the portable radio is crucial—hold for 4 seconds to send alerts and enable an open mic for 20 seconds.

LUNAR Report Format

Location: Last known position (e.g., Charlie side, 2nd Floor).
Unit: Assigned unit (e.g., R74).
Name: Identify the Mayday firefighter (e.g., Smith).
Air: Indicate remaining air supply (e.g., 1500).
Resources: Specify needs or reasons for the emergency (e.g., K-12, lost, trapped).

Responsibilities During a Mayday

Self-Rescue: Firefighters should stay together, control breathing, minimize communication, and conserve air supply during a Mayday.
If needed, use a particulate filter or Nomex hood for last-resort air supply.
Follow hose lines to exit when possible; search for doors or windows along walls.

Incident Command Protocol

Upon Mayday declaration:
- Call for "Emergency Traffic."
- Obtain LUNAR information from the Mayday firefighter.
- Activate the Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) and conduct a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR).
- Ensure strong command presence and maintain composure to manage the situation effectively.

Dispatcher and Communication Responsibilities

Dispatchers must call for "Emergency Traffic," relay information, and notify relevant officers without delay.
Maintain channel integrity: Mayday operations should stay on original channels while other tactical activities may switch.

Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)

RIC must be adequately staffed to locate and rescue missing firefighters.
Communication should remain focused on the rescue operation, limiting unnecessary chatter from non-involved personnel.

Area of Safe Refuge

Should be a hazard-free zone—firefighters should stay near exits when possible.
To be visible during rescue attempts, firefighters should:
- Position themselves near walls or exits.
- Lie down to maximize PASS device signal.
- Use flashlights for visibility and make tapping noises for audible alerts.

Ending a Mayday

The Incident Commander determines when the Mayday operation is complete and can release the TAC channel as per established guidelines.
Post-incident review and activation of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) team advised for significant events.

Standard Operating Guidelines (SOG) Overview

SOG 220-04 outlines procedures for handling Mayday situations aimed at enhancing firefighter safety during emergencies.
Previous SOG versions provide context on the evolution of Mayday protocols.

Mayday Emergency Protocol

Personnel not actively engaged must resist the urge to assist a Mayday firefighter.
Mayday is declared for situations where a firefighter is lost, trapped, disoriented, seriously injured, in air emergency, or in immediate need of help.
Activation of the emergency button on the portable radio is crucial—hold for 4 seconds to send alerts and enable an open mic for 20 seconds.

LUNAR Report Format

Location: Last known position (e.g., Charlie side, 2nd Floor).
Unit: Assigned unit (e.g., R74).
Name: Identify the Mayday firefighter (e.g., Smith).
Air: Indicate remaining air supply (e.g., 1500).
Resources: Specify needs or reasons for the emergency (e.g., K-12, lost, trapped).

Responsibilities During a Mayday

Self-Rescue: Firefighters should stay together, control breathing, minimize communication, and conserve air supply during a Mayday.
If needed, use a particulate filter or Nomex hood for last-resort air supply.
Follow hose lines to exit when possible; search for doors or windows along walls.

Incident Command Protocol

Upon Mayday declaration:
- Call for "Emergency Traffic."
- Obtain LUNAR information from the Mayday firefighter.
- Activate the Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) and conduct a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR).
- Ensure strong command presence and maintain composure to manage the situation effectively.

Dispatcher and Communication Responsibilities

Dispatchers must call for "Emergency Traffic," relay information, and notify relevant officers without delay.
Maintain channel integrity: Mayday operations should stay on original channels while other tactical activities may switch.

Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)

RIC must be adequately staffed to locate and rescue missing firefighters.
Communication should remain focused on the rescue operation, limiting unnecessary chatter from non-involved personnel.

Area of Safe Refuge

Should be a hazard-free zone—firefighters should stay near exits when possible.
To be visible during rescue attempts, firefighters should:
- Position themselves near walls or exits.
- Lie down to maximize PASS device signal.
- Use flashlights for visibility and make tapping noises for audible alerts.

Ending a Mayday

The Incident Commander determines when the Mayday operation is complete and can release the TAC channel as per established guidelines.
Post-incident review and activation of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) team advised for significant events.

Standard Operating Guidelines (SOG) Overview

SOG 220-04 outlines procedures for handling Mayday situations aimed at enhancing firefighter safety during emergencies.
Previous SOG versions provide context on the evolution of Mayday protocols.

Mayday Procedures

Declaration of “Mayday” triggers Emergency Traffic protocols.
Dispatcher takes charge of managing communications during a Mayday situation.

Responsibilities of the Dispatcher

If the Incident Commander fails to call for "Emergency Traffic," the Dispatcher must initiate it.
Essential information is relayed from the Dispatcher to the Incident Commander or the firefighter in distress.
Notification must be sent to the Fire Operations Officer and the Dispatch Supervisor to ensure all relevant parties are informed.
The Trauma Hawk, which may provide aerial support or medical assistance, is placed on stand-by to respond swiftly when needed.

Mayday Declaration and Responsibilities

Personnel assigned to tasks such as Fire Attack and Ventilation must resist the urge to assist with the rescue of Mayday firefighters.
A Mayday must be declared when a firefighter is lost, trapped, disoriented, seriously injured, facing an air emergency, or in need of immediate assistance.
The declaration process includes:
- Activating the orange emergency button on the portable radio for 4 seconds.
- Broadcasting “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday” on the TAC channel.
- Reporting critical information using the LUNAR format:
  - Location, Unit assigned, Name of the firefighter, Air supply remaining, and Resources needed.

Communication Procedures

After a Mayday declaration, the incident Dispatch will:
- Call for “Emergency Traffic” if not initiated by the Incident Commander.
- Relay essential information to relevant parties.
- Notify the Fire Operations Officer and Dispatch Supervisor.
- Put Trauma Hawk on standby as a precaution.

Self-Rescue Guidelines

Mayday firefighters should stay together as a Company to improve chances of finding and rescue.
Air Management:
- Conserve air supply by controlling breathing and minimizing unnecessary movement or talking.
- In case of depleted SCBA air, use a particulate filter or Nomex hood as a last resort without removing the SCBA facepiece.

Self-Extraction Techniques

If physically capable, firefighters should search for an exit following a hose line when possible.
In the absence of clear egress, seeking external walls or areas of safety is advised.

Area of Safe Refuge

Defined as a protective space isolated from hazards.
Firefighters in a safe refuge should remain near walls, assume a horizontal position, use flashlights, and create audible alerts (e.g., tapping) to facilitate discovery.

Incident Command Responsibilities

Upon a Mayday declaration, Incident Command must:
- Call for “Emergency Traffic” and obtain LUNAR information.
- Consider additional alarms and activate Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC).
- Conduct a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) and prioritize rescue operations.
- Maintain composure and command presence during operations.

Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)

Deployment of RIC must be adequate to locate and extricate each missing firefighter.

Company Responsibilities (Non-RIC/RIG)

Non-RIC personnel should maintain radio silence to reduce communication interference.
Mayday firefighters should utilize safe refuge areas, if available, and communicate their location.

Post-Incident Procedures

Upon resolving the Mayday, the Incident Commander may release the TAC channel based on established emergency traffic protocols.
Maydays are significant events; post-incident reviews and potential activation of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) teams may be warranted.

Relevant Policies and Guidelines

Refer to specific Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) for detailed procedures on communications, safety measures, and after-action reviews related to Maydays.

Mayday Declaration and Responsibilities

Personnel assigned to tasks such as Fire Attack and Ventilation must resist the urge to assist with the rescue of Mayday firefighters.
A Mayday must be declared when a firefighter is lost, trapped, disoriented, seriously injured, facing an air emergency, or in need of immediate assistance.
The declaration process includes:
- Activating the orange emergency button on the portable radio for 4 seconds.
- Broadcasting “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday” on the TAC channel.
- Reporting critical information using the LUNAR format:
  - Location, Unit assigned, Name of the firefighter, Air supply remaining, and Resources needed.

Communication Procedures

After a Mayday declaration, the incident Dispatch will:
- Call for “Emergency Traffic” if not initiated by the Incident Commander.
- Relay essential information to relevant parties.
- Notify the Fire Operations Officer and Dispatch Supervisor.
- Put Trauma Hawk on standby as a precaution.

Self-Rescue Guidelines

Mayday firefighters should stay together as a Company to improve chances of finding and rescue.
Air Management:
- Conserve air supply by controlling breathing and minimizing unnecessary movement or talking.
- In case of depleted SCBA air, use a particulate filter or Nomex hood as a last resort without removing the SCBA facepiece.

Self-Extraction Techniques

If physically capable, firefighters should search for an exit following a hose line when possible.
In the absence of clear egress, seeking external walls or areas of safety is advised.

Area of Safe Refuge

Defined as a protective space isolated from hazards.
Firefighters in a safe refuge should remain near walls, assume a horizontal position, use flashlights, and create audible alerts (e.g., tapping) to facilitate discovery.

Incident Command Responsibilities

Upon a Mayday declaration, Incident Command must:
- Call for “Emergency Traffic” and obtain LUNAR information.
- Consider additional alarms and activate Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC).
- Conduct a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) and prioritize rescue operations.
- Maintain composure and command presence during operations.

Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)

Deployment of RIC must be adequate to locate and extricate each missing firefighter.

Company Responsibilities (Non-RIC/RIG)

Non-RIC personnel should maintain radio silence to reduce communication interference.
Mayday firefighters should utilize safe refuge areas, if available, and communicate their location.

Post-Incident Procedures

Upon resolving the Mayday, the Incident Commander may release the TAC channel based on established emergency traffic protocols.
Maydays are significant events; post-incident reviews and potential activation of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) teams may be warranted.

Relevant Policies and Guidelines

Refer to specific Standard Operating Guidelines (SOGs) for detailed procedures on communications, safety measures, and after-action reviews related to Maydays.

Mayday Protocol for Incident Commander

Declare "Emergency Traffic" to prioritize communication during a Mayday situation.
Obtain LUNAR information from the firefighter in distress: Location, Unit, Name, Assignment, and Resources needed.
Evaluate the necessity for additional alarms to bolster resources and personnel on scene.
Activate the Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) or Rapid Intervention Group (RIG) to focus solely on the rescue operation.
Conduct a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR), ideally face‐to‐face, to ensure all crew members are accounted for.
Restructure incident objectives to prioritize firefighter rescue above all other tasks.
Assign another Chief Officer, preferably the Incident Safety Officer (ISO), to specifically manage the Mayday incident.
Position additional personnel strategically outside windows and doors to observe and listen for the distressed firefighter.
Assess whether an extra tactical (TAC) channel is needed for effective communication during the rescue efforts.

Mayday Declaration and Response

A "Mayday" is declared when a firefighter is lost, trapped, disoriented, seriously injured, experiencing an air emergency, or in need of immediate help.
All Fire Rescue personnel can declare a Mayday; the entire company must exit the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) area if a Mayday occurs.
Communication during a Mayday is critical, requiring activation of the orange emergency button on the portable radio for 20 seconds of open mic.

LUNAR Reporting

Use the LUNAR format for communication:
- Location: last known position (e.g., Charlie side, 2nd Floor)
- Unit: assigned unit (e.g., R74)
- Name: Mayday firefighter's name (e.g., Smith)
- Air: remaining air supply (e.g., 1500 PSI)
- Resources: specific needs or reasons for the emergency (e.g., K-12, trapped, serious injury)

Incident Commander and Dispatcher Responsibilities

The Incident Commander must:
- Call for "Emergency Traffic" and obtain LUNAR information.
- Activate Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) or Rapid Intervention Group (RIG).
- Conduct a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) and restructure incident objectives.
- Maintain strong command presence, composure, self-control, and discipline.
Dispatchers must relay pertinent information to the Incident Commander and notify relevant personnel upon a Mayday declaration.

Self-Rescue Strategies

Mayday firefighters should remain intact as a Company for better chances of being found.
Focus on controlling breathing to extend SCBA air supply and limit unnecessary movements.
In case of air depletion, use a particulate filter or Nomex hood as an emergency filter.
Attempt to find exits, using hose lines if possible, and search for walls to locate doorways or windows leading outside.

Areas of Safe Refuge

An Area of Safe Refuge is crucial for Mayday firefighters to minimize hazards.
To increase visibility and sound, stay close to walls, assume a horizontal position, point a flashlight up, and make tapping noises.

Post-Incident Protocols

After a Mayday situation is resolved, review the incident per SOG 430-01 for After Action Review.
Consider activating Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) for involved personnel.

Equipment and Methodology

PASS device should remain activated until the firefighter is found, but may be temporarily turned off if interference occurs.
Mayday operations should remain on the original channel, while tactical activities may switch channels if additional channels are needed.

Additional Roles

The Incident Safety Officer may need to request Assistant Safety Officer(s) during Mayday operations.
RIC should be adequately staffed to ensure efficient search and rescue of missing firefighters.

Historical Context

SOG 220-04 Mayday guideline was last revised on 05/21/2018, noting significant updates and changes from previous iterations since 2012.

Mayday Protocol for Firefighters

Declaration of Mayday: Essential protocol for firefighter emergencies; acknowledged by audible declaration.
Activation of Emergency Button: First step involves pressing the orange emergency button on the portable radio for immediate alert.
Communication of Emergency: Announce "Mayday, Mayday, Mayday" on the Tactical (TAC) channel to ensure clarity and urgency.
LUNAR Format Reporting: Crucial information should be shared using the LUNAR (Location, Unit, Name, Assignment, Resources) format for effective communication:
- Location: Specify exact position of the incident.
- Unit: Identify the team or unit involved.
- Name: Provide the name of the person in distress.
- Assignment: State the role or task being performed.
- Resources: Indicate any needed assistance or equipment.
Manual Activation of PASS Device: Activate Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) device manually to signal distress and enhance chances of rescue.
Self-Rescue Attempt: Gain maximum safety by attempting to escape the scenario before waiting for external assistance.

Mayday Procedures for Firefighters

Personnel assigned to other tasks must resist the urge to assist Mayday firefighters directly.
A Mayday is declared for conditions such as being lost, trapped, disoriented, seriously injured, experiencing air emergencies, or needing immediate help.
Any Fire Rescue personnel can declare Mayday for themselves or colleagues.

Mayday Declaration Steps

Activate the orange emergency button on the portable radio by holding it for 4 seconds to send an emergency alert and initiate a 20-second open mic.
Announce “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday” on the designated TAC channel.
Report critical information using LUNAR format:
- Location: Last known position (e.g., Charlie side, 2nd Floor).
- Unit: Assigned unit (e.g., R74).
- Name: Mayday firefighter’s name (e.g., Smith).
- Air: Remaining air supply (e.g., 1500 PSI).
- Resources: Needs or emergency reason (e.g., K‐12, Ladder, air emergency).
Manually activate the PASS device, keeping it on until the firefighter is located by Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) or Rapid Intervention Group (RIG).

Dispatcher and Incident Command Responsibilities

Dispatchers should announce "Emergency Traffic" and relay pertinent information to the Incident Commander and involved personnel after a Mayday is declared.
The Incident Commander manages the situation by:
- Calling for "Emergency Traffic."
- Obtaining LUNAR from the Mayday firefighter.
- Activating the RIC or RIG.
- Conducting a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR).
- Restructuring incident objectives prioritizing firefighter rescue.
- Positioning additional personnel to assist in the search.

Self-Rescue Protocol

Mayday firefighters should stay together to improve the chance of being found.
Control breathing and avoid unnecessary movement to conserve air supply.
If SCBA air is depleted, use a particulate filter or Nomex hood as a last resort, without removing the SCBA facepiece.
Search for exits but do not abandon the hose line; it may lead back outside.
Use walls to find doorways or windows.

Area of Safe Refuge and Incident Command Challenges

Areas of Safe Refuge should be free from hazards, like isolated rooms or floors.
Maintain a command presence, composure, self-control, and self-discipline during a Mayday situation.
Designate a Chief Officer to manage the Mayday if necessary and evaluate the need for an additional TAC channel for operations.

Post-Incident Actions

Conduct an After Action Review (SOG 430-01) following the resolution of a Mayday situation.
Consider activating a Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) team due to the gravity of Mayday events.

Follow-up Procedures

Once the Mayday operation is completed, the TAC channel may be released according to Communications protocol.
Ensure all staff are aware of the critical nature of the Mayday declaration and the importance of following standard operating guidelines for safety and efficiency.

PASS Device Activation Protocol

The pass device must be manually activated by personnel when needed.
The device is designed to stay active until the Mayday firefighter is successfully located by the Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) or Rescue Intervention Group (RIG).
If the pass device causes communication issues during a distress situation, it can be temporarily turned off to restore communication.
After resolving communication needs, the pass device needs to be turned back on manually to ensure continued monitoring and safety.

Mayday Protocol Overview

Personnel assigned to other tasks must resist the urge to intervene in a Mayday situation.
"Mayday" is declared when a firefighter is lost, trapped, disoriented, seriously injured, facing an air emergency, or needing immediate assistance.
All Fire Rescue personnel have the authority to declare a Mayday, for themselves or others.
Upon a Mayday declaration, the entire company must exit the IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) environment.

Mayday Declaration Steps

Activate the portable radio's orange emergency button for 4 seconds to send an alert.
Announce "Mayday, Mayday, Mayday" on the TAC channel.
Report critical information using the LUNAR format:
- Location: Last known position (e.g., Charlie side, 2nd Floor)
- Unit: Firefighter's assigned unit (e.g., R74)
- Name: Name of the Mayday firefighter (e.g., Smith)
- Air: Remaining air supply (e.g., 1500)
- Resources: Needs or reasons for the Mayday (e.g., K-12, trapped, air emergency)

Dispatcher Responsibilities

Call for "Emergency Traffic" if the Incident Commander does not.
Relay critical information to the Incident Commander and Mayday firefighter.
Notify relevant personnel, including the Fire Operations Officer and Dispatch Supervisor.
Put Trauma Hawk on standby for potential air transport.

Incident Command Responsibilities

Declare "Emergency Traffic" upon Mayday declaration.
Obtain a LUNAR report from the Mayday firefighter.
Consider an additional alarm if necessary.
Activate the Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC) or Rapid Intervention Group (RIG).
Conduct a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR) and restructure incident objectives for rescue prioritization.

Self-Rescue Guidelines for Firefighters

Stay as a Company to improve chances of rescue.
Manage breathing to conserve air supply; avoid unnecessary talking or activity.
As a last resort, utilize a particulate filter or Nomex hood to extend air supply without removing the SCBA facepiece.
Look for exit routes, preferably by following a hose line when possible.

Area of Safe Refuge

This is an isolated, hazard-free location (e.g., a room or floor) that provides protection during a Mayday.
Firefighters in this area should remain next to a wall or doorway and assume a horizontal position for better visibility and detection.

Ending the Mayday

When resolved, the Incident Commander may release the TAC channel in accordance with established procedures.
Post-incident reviews should consider activating the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) team due to the traumatic nature of Mayday events.

Key Components for Incident Command

Maintain strong leadership, composure, self-control, and self-discipline during a Mayday incident.
Designate a Chief Officer to manage the Mayday; the ISO is preferred for oversight.
Ensure that personnel not engaged in rescue efforts remain silent on the radio to avoid confusion.

Rapid Intervention Company (RIC) Role

Sufficient RIC/RIG deployment is crucial for locating and extricating missing firefighters.

Mayday Protocol Overview

The term "Mayday" denotes distress when a firefighter is lost, trapped, disoriented, injured, or facing air emergencies.
Any firefighter can declare a Mayday for themselves or others; all personnel in the company must exit the IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health) area.
Non-RIC personnel must maintain radio silence during a Mayday, except for designated roles.

Declaring a Mayday

Upon recognizing a Mayday situation, the firefighter should:
- Activate the orange emergency button on their portable radio by holding it for 4 seconds to send alerts and open a mic for 20 seconds.
- Announce "Mayday, Mayday, Mayday" on the TAC channel.
- Use the LUNAR format to convey critical information:
  - Location: Last known position (e.g., "Charlie side, 2nd Floor").
  - Unit: Assigned unit (e.g., "R74").
  - Name: Name of the firefighter in distress (e.g., "Smith").
  - Air: Remaining air supply (e.g., "1500").
  - Resources: Needs or reasons for the emergency (e.g., tools or conditions like being trapped).

Emergency Procedures

Manually activate the PASS (Personal Alert Safety System) device; keep it on until the RIC finds the firefighter. It can be temporarily turned off if it disrupts communication.
If stranded, firefighters should remain as a unit to increase chances of rescue.

Incident Command Responsibilities

Once Mayday is declared, Incident Command must:
- Call for "Emergency Traffic" and obtain LUNAR information.
- Consider additional alarms and activate the RIC/RIG for rescue operations.
- Restructure incident objectives prioritizing firefighter rescue.
- Conduct a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR).
- Maintain a strong presence and discipline during management, controlling resources and personnel.

Dispatcher Role

In response to a Mayday:
- Relay emergency traffic and pertinent information to Incident Command.
- Notify superiors and prepare the Trauma Hawk for standby.

Self-Rescue Strategies

Mayday firefighters should:
- Stay together as a company for better visibility.
- Control breathing and reduce non-essential activity to preserve air supply.
- Follow hose lines whenever possible to find exits.
- Use particulate filters or Nomex hoods for air supply if SCBA is depleted.

Areas of Safe Refuge

Firefighters should seek a protective area free from danger, like a room or isolated floor.
In the safe area, assumptions include:
- Staying close to walls or doorways to enhance discovery chances.
- Lying flat to improve audible PASS signals.
- Using flashlights toward ceilings for visibility.
- Making audible signals to aid rescuers.

Post-Incident Considerations

Once the situation is resolved, the TAC channel can be released.
Following a Mayday, conducting an after-action review and potentially activating the CISM team is vital for mental health support.

Key Points to Remember

A strong command presence, composure, and self-control are crucial during a Mayday incident.
Maintaining effective communication and incident management is vital to operational success and firefighter safety.
The Mayday protocol encompasses defined roles and systematic approaches to both declaring a distress signal and managing subsequent rescue efforts.

Mayday Firefighter Protocols

Nonessential talking should be minimized to maintain focus and reduce air consumption.
Avoidance of unnecessary movements helps conserve energy and maintains air supply.
Control over physical exertion is crucial to prolong the air supply from Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
Planning and pacing activities can significantly impact the effectiveness of emergency responses.
Effective communication aims to ensure safety and prioritizes the immediate needs during a Mayday situation.

Mayday Protocol Overview

“Mayday” is used when a firefighter is lost, trapped, disoriented, seriously injured, experiencing an air emergency, or needs immediate help.
All Fire Rescue personnel can declare a Mayday for themselves or others.
Upon declaration, the entire company must exit the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) area.

Responsibilities of Declaring Firefighter

Activate the orange emergency button on the portable radio by holding it for 4 seconds.
Announce “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday” on the Tactical (TAC) channel.
Report vital information using the LUNAR format:
- Location: Last known position (e.g., Charlie side, 2nd Floor).
- Unit: Assigned unit (e.g., R74).
- Name: Mayday firefighter’s name (e.g., Smith).
- Air: Remaining air supply (e.g., 1500 psi).
- Resources: Needed assistance or reasons for Mayday (e.g., lost, trapped, serious injury).
Manually activate the Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) device and keep it active until located by Rapid Intervention Crews (RIC).

Incident Dispatcher Responsibilities

Follow Emergency Traffic guidelines upon Mayday declaration.
Call for “Emergency Traffic” if the Incident Commander does not.
Relay information to the Incident Commander or Mayday firefighter.
Notify Fire Operations Officer and Dispatch Supervisor.
Put Trauma Hawk on stand-by for potential medical support.

Incident Command Protocol

Maintain command presence, composure, and self-control during Mayday incidents.
Obtain a LUNAR report from the Mayday firefighter.
Consider activating an additional Alarm and Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC).
Conduct a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR).
Restructure incident objectives to prioritize firefighter rescue.
Designate a Chief Officer to manage the Mayday response and ensure personnel are positioned to look and listen for the Mayday firefighter.

Self-Rescue Strategies for Mayday Firefighters

Stay with the Company to enhance chances of rescue.
Control breathing and limit unnecessary physical activity to extend air supply.
Avoid abandoning the hose line; if unable to find an exit, search for exterior walls.
Use an Area of Safe Refuge if necessary, which is free from hazards.

Area of Safe Refuge and Best Practices

Should be a protective area, like a room isolated from hazards.
Stay close to walls, doorways, or hallways to increase visibility for rescuers.
Assume a horizontal position on the floor to maximize PASS alerts.
Use a flashlight to signal upwards and create tapping noises for audio alerts.

Post-Incident Considerations

The Incident Commander may activate the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) team for support.
Review past SOGs to ensure proper procedures are followed and improvements made for future incidents.

Communication and Coordination

If a new TAC channel is needed, keep Mayday operations on the original channel.
Maintain radio silence among non-actively engaged personnel, with exceptions for Incident Command, Mayday firefighters, and RIC/RIG members.

Key Takeaways

Clear communication and decisive action are vital in Mayday scenarios.
Managing resources and personnel effectively is challenging; therefore, strong leadership is essential.
Training and familiarization with protocols can enhance response effectiveness and safety.

Area of Safe Refuge Guidelines for Mayday Firefighters

Position next to a wall, doorway, or hallway to enhance visibility and improve the likelihood of quick discovery by the Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC).
Assume a horizontal position on the floor to amplify the sound signal emitted by the Personal Alert Safety System (PASS) device, improving rescue chances.
Point a flashlight toward the ceiling, increasing the likelihood of the light being seen from above or by rescuers.
Create tapping noises to provide clear audible signals that can help rescuers locate the firefighter in distress.

Mayday Procedures for Firefighters

"Mayday" indicates a firefighter is lost, trapped, disoriented, seriously injured, or in need of immediate help.
All Fire Rescue personnel are authorized to declare a "Mayday" for themselves or others.
Upon declaration, the entire company must exit the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) environment.

Declaring a Mayday

Activation of the orange emergency button on the radio is crucial, requiring 4 seconds of holding.
- This sends an emergency alert to Communication Center consoles and opens the mic for 20 seconds.
Announce "Mayday, Mayday, Mayday" on the TAC channel.
Critical information must be reported in LUNAR format:
- Location: last known position (e.g., "Charlie side, 2nd Floor")
- Unit: assigned unit (e.g., "R74")
- Name: of the firefighter in distress (e.g., "Smith")
- Air: remaining air supply (e.g., "1500")
- Resources: needed or reason for emergency (e.g., "K‐12, lost, trapped").
Manually activate the pass device until the firefighter is located by the Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC).

Self-Rescue Measures

Mayday firefighters should stay together as a company to increase chances of survival.
Control breathing to extend SCBA air supply; avoid unnecessary talking and physical activities.
If air supply is depleted, a particulate filter or Nomex hood can be used as an emergency measure without removing the SCBA.

Safe Refuge and Visibility

An Area of Safe Refuge is a designated space free from hazards.
In this area, a firefighter should:
- Position near a wall, doorway, or hallway to enhance discoverability.
- Assume a horizontal position to maximize PASS device audibility.
- Use a flashlight facing up to signal rescuers.
- Make tapping noises for audible alerts.

Incident Command and Dispatcher Responsibilities

Upon a Mayday declaration, the Incident Commander must:
- Call for Emergency Traffic and gather LUNAR information.
- Activate RIC or RIG, restructure incident objectives prioritizing rescue.
- Conduct a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR).
- Maintain strong command presence and composure.
The Dispatcher must:
- Initiate "Emergency Traffic" and communicate critical information to the incident command.
- Place Trauma Hawk on standby for potential emergency assistance.

Post-Incident Protocol

Following a Mayday operation, evaluate the situation and activate the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) team if necessary.
Complete After Action Reviews to analyze the incident and improve future response strategies.

Key Notes

Maintaining radio silence is essential, exceptions include Incident Commanders, Mayday firefighters, and RIC personnel.
If in an Area of Safe Refuge, provide critical information to rescuers about the location and needs.
Rescuing firefighters can be one of the most significant events in their careers, necessitating resources to manage stress and mental health afterwards.

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Explore the essential Mayday procedures outlined by Palm Beach County Fire Rescue. This quiz covers general and emergency radio procedures vital for training and operations during incidents. Understanding these guidelines is crucial for effective communication in emergencies.