Fire Investigation and Arson Quiz

Arson Investigation

• Threat after fire containment: Backdraft, flashover, carbon monoxide poisoning, falling debris are potential threats to investigators after a fire has been contained.

Fire Investigation

• Smoke and Flame Color: Red flames accompanied by colored smoke (red) indicate burning asphalt or a similar material.

Fire-Resistant Materials

• Common Material: Asbestos is commonly used in fire-resistant materials.

Causes of Fires

• Static Electricity: Arcing is the most common cause of accidental fires due to static electricity.
• Accidental Source: Smoking is the most common source of accidental fires.

Arson Tools

• Fire Spreading Device: Accelerants, a combustible liquid, are used by arsonists to spread the fire in a room or structure.

Arson Motives

• Common Motive: Revenge, profit, or competition are common reasons behind arson.

Types of Spontaneous Heating

• Slow Oxidation: Spontaneous heating results from the slow oxidation of a combustible material.

Arson Tools: Preparation

• Materials for Starting Fire: Accelerants are used in preparing and collecting materials to start a fire.

Fire Hazard Removal

• Hazard Mitigation: Abatement removes or neutralizes a fire hazard.

Cyber Crimes

• Use of Technology: Cyber crimes use computers and modern devices to commit crimes.

Transnational Crimes

• Examples: Drug trafficking, gun smuggling, money laundering, and illegal recruitment are transnational crimes.
• Golden Triangle Countries: Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar are part of the Golden Triangle region.

Human Trafficking

• Trafficking Locations: Trafficked people involved in prostitution are brought to locations/establishments like brothels or similar venues.

Criminal Organizations

• Yakuza Tattoos: Yakuza members do not undress to show their tattoos in public; instead, they may do so for specific occasions.
• Largest Criminal Organization: The Mafia is considered the oldest and largest criminal organization.
• Another Major Criminal Organization:  Yakuza is another major criminal organization.
• Crime Group: The Yakuza is a major criminal organization in Japan
• Another Major Criminal Organization: Chinese Triad

Criminal Psychology

• Anomie Types: Innovation involves accepting cultural goals (e.g., wealth) but rejecting institutional means of achieving them. Ritualism involves accepting institutional means but rejecting cultural goals.
• Anomie Type: Retreatism rejects both cultural goals and institutional means.
• Sexual Perversion: Pedophilia involves sexual arousal by young children.

Law Enforcement and Legal

• Mafia Alias: La Cosa Nostra is an alias of the Mafia.
• Afghan War Participants: Mujaheddins were participants in the Afghan conflict.
• NPA Founder: José Maria Sison is the founder of the New People's Army (NPA).
• Bar Member Profession: Lawyers are members of the Bar.
• UN Convention Against Transnational Crimes Year: The UN Convention Against Transnational Crimes took place in 2000.
• Moro Islamic Liberation Front Founder: Nur Misuari is the founder of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.
• MNLF Founder: Nur Misuari is the founder of the Moro National Liberation Front.
• Terrorist Communication Tools: Terrorists use television, newspapers, and radio to communicate their goals to the public.
• Terrorist Group Name: Hezbollah is known as "Soldiers of God".
• 9/11 Terrorist Group: Al-Qaeda orchestrated the 9/11 attacks.
• Cocaine Source: Colombia is a significant source of cocaine.
• Hezbollah's Control: Hezbollah controls a significant portion of the Lebanese territory.
• Smallest Terrorist Unit: A cell is the smallest terrorist group structure.
• USS Cole Bombing: Al-Qaeda was responsible for the bombing of the USS Cole.
• Terrorist Investigation Element: Physical evidence, witness information, and comprehensive data are vital components for investigations.
• Anti-Wire Tapping Law: RA 4200 is the Anti-Wire Tapping Law (or the equivalent anti-wiretapping act, based on the options provided).
• Meaning of Jihad: Jihad is considered a 'Holy War'.
• Al-Qaeda Founder: Osama Bin Laden established Al-Qaeda.
• Socialist/Communist Rifle: The AK47 rifle is commonly used in socialist and communist countries.
• Domestic Terrorism: National terrorism is focused within a single country.
• Most Wanted Terrorist: Osama bin Laden was one of the most wanted terrorists.
• Anti-Terrorism Act: RA 9372 is entitled as, “An Act to Secure the State and Protect the People from Terrorism”.
• Robbery with Rape: Robbery with rape is a criminal violation.

Criminal Procedure

• Theft Evidence: The presence of stolen goods in a suspect's possession is considered prima facie evidence of fencing, but not as definitive proof.
• Warrantless Arrest Grounds: Seized in "plain view", customs searches, and searches of moving vehicles are grounds for lawful warrantless arrest.
• Warrant Delivery: The seized property is delivered to the judge in a verified inventory.
• Warrant Validity: Search warrants do not have a fixed expiry date based on the provided options.
• Arrest Definition: Arrest is the taking of a person legally for court appearance.
• Who Issues Search Warrants: Judges authorize search warrants.
• Exceptions: Other options (flagrante delicto, escaped prisoners, hot pursuit) are legitimate grounds for warrantless arrest.
• Weight of Physical Evidence: Physical evidence is considered credible due to its demonstrable nature.
• Importance of Witness Appearance: The personal presence of a witness is vital as it affects the quality of testimony.

Criminal Investigation

• Interrogation Techniques: Sympathetic appeals, mutt and Jeff techniques and similar methods use different psychological approaches in interrogations.
• Self-Incriminatory Statement Types: Admissions are self-incriminatory statements that fall short of explicitly acknowledging guilt.
• Criminal Records: Rogues’ galleries are police records of criminals and associated information.
• Crime Scene Questioning: Interviews are less formal than interrogations.
• Criminal Patterns: Modus operandi is a criminal's specific pattern of operation in a series of similar crimes.
• Sources of Information: Informants provide relevant information regarding criminal activities.
• Search Methods: Strip, Wheel, Quadrant, and Spiral are distinct search strategies at a crime scene.
• Crime Scene Photos: Photos should be taken from different angles, from general views to close-ups.
• Importance of Sketches: Sketches provide visual representations of crime scenes' layouts and details.
• Sketch Elements: Sketches include measurements, essential items, scale, legend, and titles.
• Coercion in Interrogation: Coercion through physical harm during custodial interrogation (e.g., hitting, kicking) is unlawful.
• Crime Scene Response: The first responding officer should secure the scene immediately, stabilize the victim when possible (and not risk endangering himself), and call for appropriate medical help and expert assistance from a crime scene unit (like SOCO).
• Corpus Delicti: For theft, corpus delicti is the fact that a crime occurred, not the stolen items.
• Crime Sketch Direction: A sketch must indicate the north direction.
• Witness Interview Rules: Interviewing witnesses should be conducted with respect and attentiveness to the witness' comfort and dignity (not forcing or harassing them).

Other Information

• Access Devices Regulation Act: RA 8484 is the Access Devices Regulation Act.