Fire Investigation and Arson Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most significant threat to arson investigators after a fire has been contained?

  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • Flashover
  • Falling debris
  • Backdraft (correct)

Color smoke produced accompanied by red flames typically indicates the burning of what material?

  • Nitrogen products
  • Asphalt shingles
  • Chlorine (correct)
  • Rubber

Which material is commonly used in fire-resistant applications?

  • Asphalt
  • Cotton
  • Diamond
  • Asbestos (correct)

What is a common source of accidental fires?

<p>Smoking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device is specifically used by arsonists to spread a fire within a room?

<p>Wick (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the preparation and gathering of materials intended to start a fire?

<p>Trailers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most common motive behind arson cases is often attributed to which reason?

<p>Profit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the act of removing or neutralizing a fire hazard called?

<p>Abatement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cultural significance of tattoos among the Yakuza members?

<p>They are displayed prominently to others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which OPLAN was initiated by the PNP to target fugitives and wanted persons?

<p>Oplan Pagtugis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of anomie, which option describes a person who embraces cultural goals of wealth but rejects conventional means?

<p>Innovation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of anomie occurs when an individual does not accept the cultural goal but accepts the institutional means to achieve it?

<p>Ritualism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criminal organization is recognized as the oldest and largest globally?

<p>Yakuza (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used for an individual who has a sexual attraction to children?

<p>Pedophile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the original name of the Mafia before it became widely known?

<p>La Cosa Nostra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited as the founder of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front?

<p>Hashim Salamat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which terrorist group is known as the 'Soldiers of God'?

<p>Hezbollah (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one key strategy used by terrorists to communicate their aims to the public?

<p>All of the choices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is most notorious for the 9/11 attacks in the USA?

<p>Al Qaeda (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is the principal source of cocaine in South America?

<p>Columbia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest unit in a terrorist group's hierarchy?

<p>Cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law is referred to as the 'Anti-Wire Tapping Law'?

<p>RA 4200 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Jihad' mean?

<p>Holy War (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the founder of the terrorist group Al Qaeda?

<p>Osama Bin Laden (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crime is committed when a man enters a sari-sari store through an opening without breaking it and takes items?

<p>Theft (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to the Access Devices Regulation Act of 1998?

<p>RA 8484 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If stolen goods, like laptops or cell phones, are found in your house, what is this considered?

<p>Prima facie evidence of Fencing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a ground for executing a lawful warrantless arrest?

<p>None of the choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct timeframe for the validity period of a Search Warrant?

<p>10 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is authorized to issue a Search Warrant?

<p>Judge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Physical evidence is considered reliable in court because of which reason?

<p>All of the choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is physical or personal appearance important when testifying in court?

<p>It reflects the reliability of your evidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to a person who voluntarily provides information about criminal activities to investigators?

<p>Informant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves searchers moving parallel to one side of the search area?

<p>Strip Search (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'modus operandi' refer to in a criminal context?

<p>A distinct pattern of committing crimes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of investigation does the Miranda doctrine not need to be recited?

<p>Field Inquiry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature of a 'rogues gallery' in police records?

<p>Photographs of known criminals and their methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of confession falls short of an acknowledgment of guilt?

<p>Admission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sketch is considered the simplest and most effective for showing evidence at a crime scene?

<p>Final Sketch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of appeal involves an investigator communicating that they view an indiscretion as minor?

<p>Extenuation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sketch represents the scene of the crime and its surrounding areas, including nearby buildings and roads?

<p>Sketch of Locality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an element of a sketch?

<p>Personal opinions of the investigator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the act of using threats or violence to force an individual to confess during an investigation?

<p>Coercion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Article 247 of the Revised Penal Code, what penalty does a person who killed their spouse face?

<p>Reclusion temporal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which unit is responsible for conducting field operations and technical investigations at a crime scene?

<p>Scene of the Crime Operation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should Police Officer Athan do first upon arriving at a shooting incident with a victim still moving?

<p>Evacuate the victim to the nearest hospital (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the crime of theft, what is referred to as the corpus delicti?

<p>The property taken (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One critical element of a sketch is that it must clearly indicate which direction for proper scene orientation?

<p>North (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Red Flames and Color Smoke

Color smoke produced accompanied by red flames. It indicates that rubber is burning.

Arson Trailer

A device used by arsonists to spread fire within a room or throughout a structure. It can be a wick, a trail of flammable liquid, or any other material that helps the fire spread.

Accelerant

A substance that hastens the start of a fire.

Arcing

A form of static electricity that produces tremendous amperage and voltage. It can cause a wide range of electrical fires. Think of an arc of light.

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Spontaneous Heating

The process of slow oxidation of a combustible material that releases heat, leading to spontaneous combustion.

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Cyber Crimes

Crimes that are carried out using computers and other modern technologies.

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Transnational Crimes

Crimes that involve the movement of people, goods, or money across national borders. Examples include drug trafficking, gun smuggling, and money laundering.

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Golden Triangle

A region in Southeast Asia known for its production of opium and heroin.

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Innovation (Anomie)

A type of anomie where individuals accept societal goals (like wealth) but reject the legitimate means to achieve them. They often resort to illegal activities to reach their desired status.

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Retreatism (Anomie)

A type of anomie where individuals reject both societal goals and the legitimate means to achieve them. They often withdraw from society and engage in activities like drug use or homelessness.

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Yakuza

The oldest and largest criminal organization in the world, known for its strict hierarchy and code of conduct.

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Pedophilia

A mental illness characterized by sexual attraction to young children.

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La Cosa Nostra

The former and original name of the Mafia, a powerful Italian organized crime group.

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Mujaheddins

The group of individuals who participated in the Afghan war, fighting against the Soviet Union.

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Jose Maria Sison

The founder of the New People's Army (NPA), a communist guerilla movement in the Philippines.

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Member of the Bar

The term used to refer to a lawyer who is a member of the bar, a legal profession.

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RA 4200

Also known as the "Anti-Wire Tapping Law", RA 4200 protects individuals from illegal interception of communications.

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National terrorist group

A terrorist group operating solely within a specific country or state. It operates within geographical boundaries.

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Jihad

The act of engaging in Holy War. This usually refers to a religious-based fight for a cause.

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Al Qaeda

The deadliest terrorist group responsible for the September 11 attacks on the USA. Osama Bin Laden is widely recognized as its founder.

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Components of Terrorist Investigations

Physical evidence, witness testimonies, and information, are all crucial for understanding the events and motives behind terrorist acts.

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Cell

A small, discreet unit within a larger terrorist organization. Cells are highly independent and operate in secrecy.

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Osama Bin Laden

The most wanted terrorist in the world. He was the leader of Al Qaeda and played a pivotal role in the 9/11 attacks.

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RA 9372 (Human Security Act)

A state-sanctioned law that combats terrorism aiming to protect the public and national security.

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Robbery

A crime involving taking another person's property by force or threat of force. It typically involves violence or intimidation, and the perpetrator may use a weapon or threaten to use one.

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Rape

A crime involving unlawful sexual intercourse without consent. Rape is a serious crime that can have severe consequences for the victim.

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Fencing

A crime involving taking possession of stolen goods, knowing they are stolen, and intending to sell or dispose of them.

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Prima facie evidence

A legal concept that refers to evidence that suggests a fact is likely true, but is not conclusive proof.

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Arrest

The act of taking a person into custody lawfully for the purpose of bringing them before a court to answer for a crime. This can be done with a warrant or without one, depending on the circumstances.

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Search Warrant

A legal document issued by a judge that authorizes law enforcement to search a specific location or person for evidence of a crime.

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Warrantless Arrest

The authority of law enforcement to make an arrest without a warrant when a crime is being committed in their presence, a crime has just been committed, or the person being arrested is believed to have committed a serious offense.

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Physical Evidence

Any object or substance that can establish that a crime has been committed or can link a suspect to a crime scene.

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Sketch of Locality

A type of crime scene sketch that depicts the entire scene, including surrounding buildings, roads, etc. Think of it like a zoomed-out view of the crime scene.

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Elements of a Sketch

The elements required in a crime scene sketch. These components ensure that the sketch is accurate and informative.

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Coercion

Using force or intimidation to make someone confess to a crime.

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Spousal Homicide

The act of killing one's spouse.

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Scene of the Crime Operation

The unit responsible for conducting on-site investigations and gathering evidence at crime scenes.

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Police Officer's Responsibilities at a Crime Scene

The first responding officer's primary responsibility is to secure the crime scene, tending to any injured individuals and waiting for the SOCO team to arrive.

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Corpus Delicti of Theft

The physical evidence of a crime, in this case, the stolen property.

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North Direction in Sketch

North is used for orientation in a crime scene sketch, ensuring that the scene's positioning is correctly shown.

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Sympathetic Appeal

A questioning technique where the investigator downplays the seriousness of the subject's actions, creating a sense of empathy and encouraging confession.

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Admission

A statement that falls short of admitting guilt but acknowledges facts that point towards wrongdoing.

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Rogues Gallery

A collection of photographs of known criminals, their methods (modus operandi), hideouts, and associates.

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Field Inquiry

A standard questioning of anyone at a crime scene or accident, without Miranda warnings.

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Modus Operandi

The unique and consistent pattern in which a crime is committed, often used to link multiple offenses to the same perpetrator.

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Informant

A person who provides information about criminal activity voluntarily, often expecting a reward or protection.

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Spiral Search

A search method where investigators move in a circular pattern, starting from a central point and expanding outwards.

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General to Specific Photography

A method of capturing crime scene photographs, starting with wide shots to show the overall context and gradually narrowing the focus to specific details.

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Study Notes

Arson Investigation

  • Threat after fire containment: Backdraft, flashover, carbon monoxide poisoning, falling debris are potential threats to investigators after a fire has been contained.

Fire Investigation

  • Smoke and Flame Color: Red flames accompanied by colored smoke (red) indicate burning asphalt or a similar material.

Fire-Resistant Materials

  • Common Material: Asbestos is commonly used in fire-resistant materials.

Causes of Fires

  • Static Electricity: Arcing is the most common cause of accidental fires due to static electricity.
  • Accidental Source: Smoking is the most common source of accidental fires.

Arson Tools

  • Fire Spreading Device: Accelerants, a combustible liquid, are used by arsonists to spread the fire in a room or structure.

Arson Motives

  • Common Motive: Revenge, profit, or competition are common reasons behind arson.

Types of Spontaneous Heating

  • Slow Oxidation: Spontaneous heating results from the slow oxidation of a combustible material.

Arson Tools: Preparation

  • Materials for Starting Fire: Accelerants are used in preparing and collecting materials to start a fire.

Fire Hazard Removal

  • Hazard Mitigation: Abatement removes or neutralizes a fire hazard.

Cyber Crimes

  • Use of Technology: Cyber crimes use computers and modern devices to commit crimes.

Transnational Crimes

  • Examples: Drug trafficking, gun smuggling, money laundering, and illegal recruitment are transnational crimes.
  • Golden Triangle Countries: Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar are part of the Golden Triangle region.

Human Trafficking

  • Trafficking Locations: Trafficked people involved in prostitution are brought to locations/establishments like brothels or similar venues.

Criminal Organizations

  • Yakuza Tattoos: Yakuza members do not undress to show their tattoos in public; instead, they may do so for specific occasions.
  • Largest Criminal Organization: The Mafia is considered the oldest and largest criminal organization.
  • Another Major Criminal Organization:  Yakuza is another major criminal organization.
  • Crime Group: The Yakuza is a major criminal organization in Japan
  • Another Major Criminal Organization: Chinese Triad

Criminal Psychology

  • Anomie Types: Innovation involves accepting cultural goals (e.g., wealth) but rejecting institutional means of achieving them. Ritualism involves accepting institutional means but rejecting cultural goals.
  • Anomie Type: Retreatism rejects both cultural goals and institutional means.
  • Sexual Perversion: Pedophilia involves sexual arousal by young children.
  • Mafia Alias: La Cosa Nostra is an alias of the Mafia.
  • Afghan War Participants: Mujaheddins were participants in the Afghan conflict.
  • NPA Founder: José Maria Sison is the founder of the New People's Army (NPA).
  • Bar Member Profession: Lawyers are members of the Bar.
  • UN Convention Against Transnational Crimes Year: The UN Convention Against Transnational Crimes took place in 2000.
  • Moro Islamic Liberation Front Founder: Nur Misuari is the founder of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front.
  • MNLF Founder: Nur Misuari is the founder of the Moro National Liberation Front.
  • Terrorist Communication Tools: Terrorists use television, newspapers, and radio to communicate their goals to the public.
  • Terrorist Group Name: Hezbollah is known as "Soldiers of God".
  • 9/11 Terrorist Group: Al-Qaeda orchestrated the 9/11 attacks.
  • Cocaine Source: Colombia is a significant source of cocaine.
  • Hezbollah's Control: Hezbollah controls a significant portion of the Lebanese territory.
  • Smallest Terrorist Unit: A cell is the smallest terrorist group structure.
  • USS Cole Bombing: Al-Qaeda was responsible for the bombing of the USS Cole.
  • Terrorist Investigation Element: Physical evidence, witness information, and comprehensive data are vital components for investigations.
  • Anti-Wire Tapping Law: RA 4200 is the Anti-Wire Tapping Law (or the equivalent anti-wiretapping act, based on the options provided).
  • Meaning of Jihad: Jihad is considered a 'Holy War'.
  • Al-Qaeda Founder: Osama Bin Laden established Al-Qaeda.
  • Socialist/Communist Rifle: The AK47 rifle is commonly used in socialist and communist countries.
  • Domestic Terrorism: National terrorism is focused within a single country.
  • Most Wanted Terrorist: Osama bin Laden was one of the most wanted terrorists.
  • Anti-Terrorism Act: RA 9372 is entitled as, “An Act to Secure the State and Protect the People from Terrorism”.
  • Robbery with Rape: Robbery with rape is a criminal violation.

Criminal Procedure

  • Theft Evidence: The presence of stolen goods in a suspect's possession is considered prima facie evidence of fencing, but not as definitive proof.
  • Warrantless Arrest Grounds: Seized in "plain view", customs searches, and searches of moving vehicles are grounds for lawful warrantless arrest.
  • Warrant Delivery: The seized property is delivered to the judge in a verified inventory.
  • Warrant Validity: Search warrants do not have a fixed expiry date based on the provided options.
  • Arrest Definition: Arrest is the taking of a person legally for court appearance.
  • Who Issues Search Warrants: Judges authorize search warrants.
  • Exceptions: Other options (flagrante delicto, escaped prisoners, hot pursuit) are legitimate grounds for warrantless arrest.
  • Weight of Physical Evidence: Physical evidence is considered credible due to its demonstrable nature.
  • Importance of Witness Appearance: The personal presence of a witness is vital as it affects the quality of testimony.

Criminal Investigation

  • Interrogation Techniques: Sympathetic appeals, mutt and Jeff techniques and similar methods use different psychological approaches in interrogations.
  • Self-Incriminatory Statement Types: Admissions are self-incriminatory statements that fall short of explicitly acknowledging guilt.
  • Criminal Records: Rogues’ galleries are police records of criminals and associated information.
  • Crime Scene Questioning: Interviews are less formal than interrogations.
  • Criminal Patterns: Modus operandi is a criminal's specific pattern of operation in a series of similar crimes.
  • Sources of Information: Informants provide relevant information regarding criminal activities.
  • Search Methods: Strip, Wheel, Quadrant, and Spiral are distinct search strategies at a crime scene.
  • Crime Scene Photos: Photos should be taken from different angles, from general views to close-ups.
  • Importance of Sketches: Sketches provide visual representations of crime scenes' layouts and details.
  • Sketch Elements: Sketches include measurements, essential items, scale, legend, and titles.
  • Coercion in Interrogation: Coercion through physical harm during custodial interrogation (e.g., hitting, kicking) is unlawful.
  • Crime Scene Response: The first responding officer should secure the scene immediately, stabilize the victim when possible (and not risk endangering himself), and call for appropriate medical help and expert assistance from a crime scene unit (like SOCO).
  • Corpus Delicti: For theft, corpus delicti is the fact that a crime occurred, not the stolen items.
  • Crime Sketch Direction: A sketch must indicate the north direction.
  • Witness Interview Rules: Interviewing witnesses should be conducted with respect and attentiveness to the witness' comfort and dignity (not forcing or harassing them).

Other Information

  • Access Devices Regulation Act: RA 8484 is the Access Devices Regulation Act.

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