Fire Incident Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the initial priority when addressing a fire incident, as highlighted in the text?

  • Assessing smoke conditions
  • Initiating offensive fire attack
  • Obtaining a roof report (correct)
  • Assigning the truck officer to roof division

Why is it important for the roof division supervisor to maintain a 'tactical next' mindset?

  • To better hear radio communications from the Incident Commander
  • To remain as the safety and accountability officer
  • To ensure they can use all of their tools effectively
  • To not get distracted, and to anticipate future needs (correct)

What is a critical responsibility of the roof division supervisor, besides coordinating operations?

  • Serving as the safety and accountability officer (correct)
  • Relaying messages received from fire attack teams
  • Managing water supply to the roof area
  • Operating all power tools effectively

How might a roof division supervisor influence incident tactics and strategy?

<p>By providing a unique perspective of the fire's behavior, building construction, and potential hazards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a roof report indicate about the fire's progression?

<p>Whether the fire is advanced enough to switch to a defensive strategy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided example of the fire in a strip mall, what was the initial indication of fire?

<p>Heavy fire from the C side and moderate smoke from the A side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'outside-in fire' imply in the context of the example incident described?

<p>The fire started outside the C side wall and went into the roof (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is identified as a potential TPO (Targeted Protection Objective) for a building by the roof division?

<p>Parapet Fire Walls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in smoke behavior that firefighters should anticipate in a commercial fire compared to a typical structure fire?

<p>Commercial fire smoke may lack the typical pressure and turbulence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common indicator of sprinkler activation or a broken water source in a commercial structure?

<p>Flames Visible From a Distance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is generally considered the greatest life hazard at a commercial structure fire?

<p>The firefighters themselves. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a fire in a commercial building be considered to have a low-to-moderate victim profile (VP)?

<p>Civilians usually evacuate quickly due to early warning systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should firefighters look for to identify potential employees who may be able to provide valuable intel at a commercial fire scene?

<p>Business attire, uniforms, or accessories like nametags, aprons and hats. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical reason for quickly assessing victim profile by a firefighter at a commercial fire?

<p>To determine if a defensive strategy or interior attack strategy should be used. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of commercial fires, how might a 'bogus' report of an occupant affect the incident response?

<p>It would delay the implementation of a defensive strategy impacting firefighter safety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between a commercial fire occurring after business hours and the potential for an increased victim profile?

<p>It may provide the benefit of closed occupancies and reduced VP. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a 'Signal 10-76-2nd alarm' in the context of FDNY fire response?

<p>It specifically signals a fire in a commercial high-rise, necessitating increased resources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a high-rise commercial fire, what is the typical order of priorities according to the SOP?

<p>Determine the fire floor, verify the fire floor, then control evacuation, and then gain control of the building's systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial action taken by the firefighters upon entering the store?

<p>They poked a hole in the ceiling with a ten-foot hook inside the main entrance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the battalion chief's initial mistake in the Bronx Lebanon Hospital fire?

<p>He transmitted a first alarm signal (10-75) instead of a second alarm (10-76). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the firefighters initially focus their attention towards the rear of the store?

<p>They suspected the fire originated in or around the clothes dryers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During an MCI within a high rise incident, besides triage, treatment, and transport, what additional channel is essential?

<p>Medical communications with the hospital. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initial action should be taken when responding to a fire in an upper floor of a high-rise, in concert with the building’s fire safety director?

<p>Find out the extent of the evacuation plan and ensure its implementation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cockloft?

<p>The space between the ceiling and the roof boards of the building. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What changed the firefighters strategy from an offensive attack to a defensive attack?

<p>A significant fire in the rear of the cockloft moving towards the front of the store and increased smoke density. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Bronx Lebanon Hospital fire, where did the fire originate and initially spread?

<p>In the kitchen of a luncheonette on the first floor, then to the dining area. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific aspect of building systems is of critical importance during a high-rise fire?

<p>Control of elevators, HVAC systems, communications and fire pumps. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action did the roof firefighter take to assist with fire attack?

<p>They cut a hole in the roof to vent the fire and smoke. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributed most to the incident commander's initial underestimation of the fire at Bronx Lebanon Hospital?

<p>The time of day being close to a shift change, when a lot of alarms are received. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the incident commanders decide to withdraw all firefighters from the interior of the building?

<p>The fire was too widespread and intense, with rollover/flashover conditions developing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the firefighters initially attempt to extinguish the fire?

<p>They used an interior hose line attack. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the typical design of cocklofts in commercial buildings?

<p>They are designed to be larger in the front than the rear to help with water runoff. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided context, what is a key benefit of using well-established Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) at a fire scene?

<p>They facilitate easy transitions between offensive and defensive firefighting strategies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of fireground operations is MOST directly associated with creating a 'tactical gap' as discussed in the provided text?

<p>The difference in perceived time between firefighters in the IDLH zone and the incident commander. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that rear-mount and aerial ladder trucks should NOT be positioned at the front of a burning building?

<p>To ensure the area is clear for tower ladders and large-caliber streams. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advice is given regarding personal and operational improvement after a fire incident?

<p>To critically assess what went well, what could be improved, and to share these experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason the first-due arriving unit's knowledge is critically important at a fire scene?

<p>To provide initial information needed for planning during a fire incident. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for team members working remotely to regularly check in, according to the text?

<p>To provide a status update of their progress and to report conditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN emphasis regarding 'reflex time' in the context of changing fire attack strategies?

<p>To ensure all team members are aware of any tactical changes before implementing them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination of factors will help firefighters reach operational success?

<p>SOP's and SOG's, building knowledge, and clear communication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a structure with reinforced doors and windows in the rear, what is the recommended initial strategy for fire attack?

<p>A combination strategy, using defensive positioning while attacking offensively. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when a fire occurs in a large building with fire walls?

<p>The lack of clear party wall separations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a shift from an offensive to a defensive strategy be considered?

<p>Upon any doubt about containing the fire in a timely manner or if conditions are not improving despite offensive actions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following building evacuation and completion of secondary searches, what is the next priority?

<p>Incident stabilization and reassessing the risk of ongoing operations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the leather garment factory fire example, what was the main challenge after the initial knockdown?

<p>The presence of stubborn fires in a difficult to access attic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical element for fireground operations?

<p>The ability to adapt and change strategy based on conditions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should tactical supervisors be notified during an operation?

<p>Whenever a strategic change is being considered. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered about the contents of a business during a fire?

<p>They are typically a loss from smoke and water damage, regardless of saving the structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Roof Report

A report that provides information about a building's roof, including its construction, condition, and load-bearing capacity.

Vertical Ventilation

A strategy used in firefighting where ventilation is performed from the roof of a building.

Roof Division Supervisor

The person in charge of roof operations during a fire.

Tactical "Next" Mindset

The ability to assess a situation and make decisions based on the current conditions and future possibilities.

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Stepping Back From The Noise

The ability to see the overall situation and understand the big picture.

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Roof Recon

The observation of a building's features from above to determine the best firefighting strategy.

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Outside-In Fire

An outside-in fire that starts outside the building and spreads inward.

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Strip Mall

A strip mall is a row of stores with a common roof.

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Cold Smoke

Smoke from a fire that lacks the typical characteristics of structure-fire smoke, such as pressure or turbulence.

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Ambushed in a Commercial Fire

A situation where a fire may be larger and more intense than it appears due to unusual smoke behavior.

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Victim Profile (VP)

The chances of finding people inside a building during a fire.

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Low to Moderate Victim Profile in Commercial Fires

Commercial fires typically have a lower risk of finding victims compared to residential fires.

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Appropriate Attire

The clothing or appearance of individuals that can help identify them as employees of a business.

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Intel from Bystanders

Gathering information from people outside a building to determine the potential presence of employees or victims.

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Firefighter Life Hazard in Commercial Fires

The risk of firefighters being injured or killed during a fire due to building collapse or other hazards.

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Bogus Reports of Victims

Misinformation about the presence of victims can significantly impact firefighting operations, delaying tactical decisions and increasing risks.

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MCI (Mass Casualty Incident)

An event that overwhelms the resources of a single medical unit.

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High-Rise Fire

A highly complex fire event that requires specific procedures and resources.

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SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for High-Rise Fires

A system that provides a standard approach to firefighting in commercial high-rises, ensuring a coordinated and efficient response.

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Type 1 Building

A building type characterized by its structure and fire resistance, generally used for hospitals.

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SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for High-Rise Fires

A system that provides a standard approach to firefighting in commercial high-rises, ensuring a coordinated and efficient response.

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Determine the Fire Floor

The process of identifying the location where the fire originated.

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Control Evacuation

Ensuring that all necessary safety measures are in place to prevent further casualties or damage.

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Verify the Fire Floor

Assessing the extent of the fire and its potential impact on the building systems.

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Gain control of the building systems

A critical step in any firefighting operation, ensuring that all necessary resources are deployed.

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Cockloft

The space between the ceiling and the underside of the roof boards in a commercial building.

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Offensive Fire Attack

The initial action of firefighters to directly attack a fire.

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Large Caliber Streams

Large, powerful streams of water used for fire suppression.

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Flashover

Change in fire behavior where flames rapidly spread throughout a confined space.

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Search and Rescue

The process of quickly searching a building for potential victims.

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Withdraw

A strategic retreat by firefighters from a dangerous fire situation.

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Seat of Fire

A point of origin of a fire.

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Incident Commander

A firefighter in charge of directing overall fire fighting operations on scene.

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Defensive Strategy Switch

Switching from an offensive firefighting strategy (trying to extinguish the fire directly) to a defensive strategy (focusing on protecting surrounding buildings and preventing the fire from spreading) when conditions become too risky for firefighters.

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Fire Walls

These are internal walls within a building designed to prevent the spread of fire, often found in large buildings and commercial spaces.

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Secondary Searches

The process of ensuring that all areas of a building have been searched for victims or hazards after a fire has been extinguished.

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First-due Knowledge

Understanding the area and its buildings before a fire occurs can prevent delays and save lives, as knowing the lay of the land helps in quickly assessing the situation and making informed decisions.

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Effective Command

The ability of the Incident Commander (IC) to effectively lead and manage multiple crews during firefighting operations, which requires clear communication and coordination to ensure everyone is accounted for and working efficiently.

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Apparatus Positioning

Positioning fire apparatus for optimal response, ensuring that access to the fire building is maintained and resources are strategically deployed, minimizing response times and enhancing firefighter safety.

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Tactical Gap

Maintaining communication between the IC and the crews operating in hazardous conditions, ensuring that everyone has a clear understanding of the situation, the actions being taken, and any potential hazards.

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Transitioning Tactics

The ability to quickly transition from offensive to defensive firefighting strategies depending on the evolving fire situation, ensuring that firefighter safety remains paramount.

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Reflex Time

Recognizing changes in fire behavior and responding quickly with appropriate tactical adjustments, anticipating the fire's next move and preparing for it.

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Operational Critique

Continuously analyzing and improving firefighting operations, learning from past experiences and implementing changes to enhance effectiveness and safety.

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Following SOPs and SOGs

Adhering to standard operating procedures (SOPs) and standard operating guidelines (SOGs) ensures safety, efficiency, and consistency during firefighting operations.

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Study Notes

Commercial Fires

  • Commercial fires require a different mindset from residential fires. Errors are less forgiving, and applying residential fire tactics can be problematic.
  • Commercial fires have a higher potential for firefighter injuries and fatalities than residential fires due to the greater potential for larger fire sizes and the presence of various hazards.
  • Commercial structures can encompass various types of buildings, uses, and eras with diverse construction types.
  • Definitions of commercial structures vary, but typically exclude residential structures and include shopping centres, offices, nursing homes, and structures used for human habitation or occupancy for industrial, education, assembly, professional, or commercial purposes. At least 50% of the floor space must be used for commercial activities.

Fire Definitions and Occupancy Classifications

  • Neither NFPA nor IBC lists commercial as an occupancy classification. These codes utilize other classifications (see Fig 10-1)
  • For the purposes of study, a commercial structure is defined as a building that is primarily used for business, or a mix of business and residential. Examples include (but are not limited to) taxpayers (mixed use), strip malls, restaurants, big-box stores, mega-box stores (regional malls).

Commercial Fire Hazards

  • Excessive fire load
  • Excess flammable liquids
  • Hazardous materials (without proper placarding)
  • Illegal remodeling (against code)
  • Illegal storage of materials
  • High-piled storage racks
  • Security gates, bars, and doors
  • Older and dilapidated construction
  • Roof assemblies/Mansards
  • Loading docks, and freight elevators
  • Access/egress issues
  • Lack of adequate water supply
  • Lack of fixed protection systems
  • Unfamiliar building pre-planning
  • Issues with command, strategy and objective alignment between the incident command (IC) and team.

Case Studies: Key Incidents

  • Ghost Ship Fire (Oakland, CA 2016): 36 civilian deaths in a commercial warehouse. Occupancy was illegal.
  • Boyd Street Incident (Los Angeles, CA 2020): Multiple firefighter injuries in a commercial building in downtown Los Angeles.
  • Sofa Superstore Fire (Charleston, SC 2007): Deadliest loss of firefighters in the U.S. since 9/11.
  • Station Nightclub Fire (2003): The deadliest building fire in America since 2016.

Tactical Lessons Learned

  • Proper size-up and reconnaissance (360°) critical before entering.
  • Adequate personnel for the building's size and scope.
  • Review Mayday procedures and strategies to prepare your team.
  • Understanding of building layouts and exposures
  • Addressing hazards and safety issues associated with the building's structure and contents
  • Effective coordination between different companies and units (especially for ventilation and water supply)
  • Avoiding tunnel vision, focusing on all relevant factors, and remaining flexible
  • Understanding occupancy and fire load.

Ventilation and Communication

  • Vertical and horizontal ventilation are critical in commercial fires, often involving multiple companies.
  • Effective communication within the ICS structure, especially between company officers and divisions, is essential for coordinating ventilation, suppression, and evacuation efforts.
  • Effective communication, especially for companies working in the hot-zone; and those outside the structure
  • Division supervisors act as safety officers and help with decision making.

Commercial Fire Attack and Water Supply

  • Commercial fires often require fire attack from multiple locations due to structure and contents.
  • The fire flow required necessitates multiple access points to prevent logistical bottlenecks.
  • Supplying attack engines with water requires consideration of supply lines and distances to hydrants.
  • Utilizing appropriate hoseline lengths.
  • Consider the presence of fire pumps, on-site personnel, and the water district. Coordination and supervision of water supply teams are essential.
  • Special considerations for HVAC systems and sprinkler systems.

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Commercial Fires - MFC Chapter 10 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on fire incident management and the critical responsibilities of the roof division supervisor. This quiz covers tactics, strategies, and indicators essential for effective response in fire situations, particularly in commercial structures. Ensure you understand key concepts that can influence firefighting operations.

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