Questions and Answers
What is a crucial aspect of a fire detection system's durability?
Immunity to all environmental factors
What is the purpose of a thermal pressure relief valve on a fire extinguisher?
To release excess pressure during discharge
What is a key requirement for fire detection system testing?
Accurate and effective integrity testing
What federal legislation forms the basis of regulations for aircraft fire detection and protection systems?
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What international agreement led to the development of the Ozone Protection Act 1989?
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What is a requirement for fire extinguishers in aircraft systems?
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What is a critical aspect of fire detection system indicators?
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What is the primary role of the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA)?
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What is a characteristic of Class-X fire zones?
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What is the purpose of a thermal pressure relief valve or fuse?
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What is typically used to propel the extinguishing agent in fire extinguisher systems?
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What is a common indication that the thermal fuse has functioned?
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Why do Class-X fire zones require more extinguishing agent than Class-A fire zones?
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What is the shape of modern fire extinguisher cylinders?
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What is the purpose of hydrostatically pressure testing fire extinguisher cylinders?
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What determines the quantity of extinguishing agent in a fire extinguisher cylinder?
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Which type of fire zone has a large quantity of air flowing past aerodynamically clean obstructions?
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What is a characteristic of a Class-B fire zone?
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Which type of fire zone is an engine accessory compartment separated from the power section an example of?
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What is a common feature of Class-C fire zones?
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Which type of fire zone is a wheel well an example of?
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What is a characteristic of a Class-D fire zone?
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Why are fire extinguishing systems usually not installed in a Class-D fire zone?
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What is usually installed in a Class-D fire zone to warn aircrew of potential damage?
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What is the primary function of the electrical pressure switch on a fire extinguisher bottle?
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What is the purpose of the fixed nut on the threaded steel body of a squib?
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What happens when the thermal pressure relief valve is activated on a fire extinguisher bottle?
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What is the result of the diaphragm rupturing in the discharge outlet of a fire extinguisher bottle?
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What is the purpose of the end cap in a squib?
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What is the function of the distributor pipe in a fire extinguisher system?
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Who is authorized to perform maintenance on explosive cartridge systems?
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What is the primary function of the explosive cartridge in a fire extinguisher system?
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What is the primary function of the extinguisher discharge switch in a fire-extinguishing system?
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What is the result of pressing the front lens of the light in a fire-extinguishing system?
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What is the function of the contacts within the light in a fire-extinguishing system?
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What is the purpose of the fire bottle cartridge/squib in a fire-extinguishing system?
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What is the outcome of the operation of the fire bottle cartridge/squib in a fire-extinguishing system?
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What is the function of the fuel shutoff valve in a fire-extinguishing system?
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What is the purpose of the fire warning cockpit indication in a fire-extinguishing system?
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What is the outcome of the operation of the extinguisher discharge switch in a fire-extinguishing system?
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Study Notes
Fire Detection System Characteristics
- A fire detection system must be durable and resistant to environmental factors
- It must have a thermal pressure relief valve or fuse on fire extinguisher cylinders
- The system must have an accurate and effective method for testing its integrity
- It must contain adequate extinguishing agent and pressure for aircraft system requirements
- The system must indicate when the extinguisher has discharged
- It must be easy to inspect, remove, and install
- It must indicate accurately at all times
- It must accurately indicate when a fire has been extinguished and if it re-ignites
State and Federal Legislation
- The Civil Aviation Act 1988 forms the basis of regulations and describes the Civil Aviation Safety Authority's (CASA) role in enforcing the regulations
- The Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR) detail the requirements for aircraft fire detection and protection systems
- The Ozone Protection Act 1989 legislates the Montreal Protocol on Substances which deplete the Ozone Layer
Fire Zones
- Class-A fire zones have a high airflow and are typically found in areas surrounding the engine, such as the cowling and engine compartment
- Class-B fire zones have large quantities of air flowing past aerodynamically clean obstructions, such as heat exchanger ducts and exhaust manifold shrouds
- Class-C fire zones have a relatively small amount of airflow and are typically found in areas such as the engine accessory compartment and auxiliary power unit compartment
- Class-D fire zones have very little or no airflow and are typically found in areas such as the wheel wells and wing compartments
- Class-X fire zones have large quantities of air flowing through them and contain deep recessed spaces and pockets between large structural formers
Fire Extinguisher Cylinders
- Fire extinguisher cylinders, or fire bottles, are the containers for the extinguishing agent
- They are typically spherical or cylindrical in shape and are hydrostatically pressure tested to manufacturers' requirements
- Nitrogen is typically used to propel the extinguish agent
- Thermal pressure relief valves or fuses are located on each bottle to discharge the gas before the bottle reaches its maximum design pressure rating
Fire Bottle Cartridge/Squibs
- Explosive cartridges or 'squibs' are installed in fire extinguisher bottles to release a nitrogen charge onto the fire extinguish agent
- The squib consists of a threaded steel body, electrical contact pins, and an end cap containing the explosive charge
- When activated, current flows via the electrical pins, igniting the cartridge, and the resultant gas pressure ruptures a diaphragm in the respective discharge outlet of the fire extinguisher bottle
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