Fetal Development Stages and Systems
37 Questions
17 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the term for the combined abdominal inspection or palpation technique used in obstetrics?

  • Hodge's Method
  • Bishop Score
  • Leopold’s Maneuver (correct)
  • McRoberts Position

    • What is the primary purpose of auscultation of fetal heart tones during prenatal care?

  • To monitor the baby's heart rate and wellbeing (correct)
  • To evaluate the amniotic fluid levels
  • To assess the baby's position
  • To determine the mother's blood pressure

    • Which fetal position and presentation is considered ideal for labor?

  • Right occipitoanterior with full flexion (correct)
  • Left occipitotransverse with partial flexion
  • Right occipitoposterior with no flexion
  • Left transverse anterior in moderate flexion

    • What method is commonly used alongside a vaginal examination to assess fetal well-being?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements is NOT considered a cardinal movement of labor?

    <p>Lateral flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fetal presentation is characterized by the fetus being positioned head down and facing the mother's spine?

    <p>Cephalic presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the fetal circulation differ from adult circulation?

    <p>Fetuses have shunts that bypass the liver and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is responsible for producing vital hormones during fetal development?

    <p>Endocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the chorionic villi during pregnancy?

    <p>They anchor the placenta to the uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of labor is the process of cervical effacement and dilation most significant?

    <p>Active labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does engagement refer to in the context of fetal position?

    <p>The fetal head descending into the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of fetal presentation?

    <p>Transitional presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum time frame for an ovum to remain capable of fertilization?

    <p>72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point during embryonic development does the heart start beating?

    <p>24th day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal fetal heart rate (FHR) range necessary to supply oxygen to cells?

    <p>110 to 160 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it typically take for sperm to reach the cervix after ejaculation?

    <p>90 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the umbilical cord at full term?

    <p>53 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what week does the septum divide the heart into chambers?

    <p>10th to 12th week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical depth of the placenta during development?

    <p>2-3 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does fetal blood begin to exchange nutrients with maternal circulation?

    <p>Third week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a woman gives up her fantasized image of her child?

    <p>She fully accepts the realities of her child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might a woman's cultural background affect her pregnancy experience?

    <p>It influences her desire to take an active role in her pregnancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of complications include lacerations, uterine atony, and retained placental fragments?

    <p>Physiological complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a physiological postpartum complication?

    <p>Changing family dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nurses during pregnancy related to cultural influences?

    <p>To inform women about their health care options while respecting cultural beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does acceptance of motherhood involve beyond pregnancy?

    <p>It requires adjusting to new family dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which postpartum complication is most directly related to infection?

    <p>Puerperal infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence a woman’s beliefs about pregnancy based on her upbringing?

    <p>The family in which she was raised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lightening in the context of labor?

    <p>Descent of the fetal presenting part into the pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the need for labor induction after membrane rupture?

    <p>If labor has not started within 24 hours after membrane rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes true labor contractions?

    <p>They are felt first in the lower back and become predictable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical symptom may a woman experience due to pressure from the fetus?

    <p>Shooting leg pain from sciatic nerve pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change prepares a woman's body for labor?

    <p>Increase in epinephrine release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom related to lightening?

    <p>Sudden increase in fetal movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do true labor contractions differ from false labor contractions?

    <p>False labor contractions disappear with changes in activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological change is most related to increased activity during the late stages of pregnancy?

    <p>Increase in epinephrine release affecting energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stages of Fetal Development

    • Sperm can take 90 seconds to reach the cervix and 5 minutes to reach the fallopian tube.
    • Up to 200 million sperm are ejaculated per milliliter of semen.
    • An ovum is capable of fertilization for 24-48 hours but up to 72 hours.
    • Successful fertilization occurs 28-48 hours to 72 hours after ejaculation.

    The Amniotic Membrane

    • The umbilical cord is approximately 53 centimeters in length and 2 centimeters thick.

    Cardiovascular System

    • A network of blood vessels and a single heart tube develops by the 16th day of gestation.
    • The heart starts beating by day 24.
    • By the 6th or 7th week of gestation, a septum divides the heart into chambers.
    • A fetal heartbeat can be heard using a Doppler by the 10th or 12th week of gestation
    • Fetal heart tones can be measured using an ECG by the 11th week, though results may be inconclusive until the 20th week of gestation.
    • The sympathetic nervous system is fully formed around the 28th week of gestation resulting in a fetal heart rate of 5 beats per minute.

    Fetal Circulation

    • Fetal blood begins exchanging nutrients with the maternal circulation through the chorionic villi by the third week of gestation.
    • A normal fetal heart rate is between 110 and 160 beats per minute.
    • Fetal blood cells are never fully saturated because the fetal circulation must provide oxygen to all cells.
    • Fetal oxygen saturation is between 40% and 70%.

    The Placenta

    • The placenta's Latin meaning is "pancake."
    • Its growth parallels the growth of the fetus.
    • The placenta is typically 15 to 20 centimeters in diameter and 2 to 3 centimeters deep.

    The Decidua

    • The Decidua is the name for the endometrium after birth.
    • It is the lining of the uterus.

    Mechanism of Labor (Cardinal Movements)

    • Descent of the fetal presenting part into the pelvis occurs approximately 10 to 14 days before labor begins.
    • This descent can cause shooting leg pains from pressure on the sciatic nerve.
    • Women may experience an increased amount of vaginal discharge and increased urinary frequency from pressure on the bladder.

    Theories of Labor Onset

    • Increase in Level of Activity
      • This is due to an increase in epinephrine release caused by a decrease in progesterone produced by the placenta.
      • Increased epinephrine prepares the woman's body for the work of labor.
    • Social Influences
      • Women often give up their fantasized image of their child and accept the real one.
      • This requires readjustment of relationships.

    Postpartum Complications

    • Physiological Complications
      • Uterine atony is a common problem where the uterus does not contract normally after delivery.
      • Lacerations to the cervix, vagina and perineum can occur during labor.
      • The placenta may be retained resulting in a need for manual removal.
      • Uterine inversion is a serious complication where the uterus turns inside out.
      • Subinvolution is a condition in which the uterus does not return to its normal size after delivery.
      • Perineal hematoma is bleeding into the tissue around the vagina and rectum.
      • Puerperal infection is an infection of the uterus and/or surrounding tissues after childbirth.
      • Endometritis is an inflammation of the lining of the uterus.
      • Thrombophlebitis is the formation of a blood clot in a vein, often in the legs, pelvis, or lungs.
      • Mastitis is an inflammation of the breast tissue, often a result of an infection.
      • Urinary retention is the inability to urinate after delivery, often due to swelling or damage to the bladder.
      • Urinary tract infection is an infection of the bladder, ureters, or kidneys.
      • Postpartum Preeclampsia (PIH) is a continuation of preeclampsia after delivery.

    False Labor vs. True Labor

    • False Labor
      • Contractions are irregular.
      • Contractions are typically felt in the abdomen, and the location does not change.
      • Contractions often disappear with ambulation and sleep.
    • True Labor
      • Contractions are regular.
      • Contractions are felt first in the lower back and then sweep around to the abdomen in a wave.
      • Contractions continue, regardless of activity or rest.
      • If labor does not spontaneously occur within 24 hours of a ruptured amniotic membrane, labor may be induced to help reduce intrauterine infection and prolapse of the umbilical cord.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Care of Mother, Child, and Adolescent (Well Clients) PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating stages of fetal development and the critical systems that form during gestation. This quiz covers essential information about fertilization, the amniotic membrane, and the cardiovascular system. Test your knowledge on how these intricate processes unfold over the weeks of pregnancy.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser