Questions and Answers
What is the correct formula for calculating the Estimated Date of Confinement (EDC) using Naegele's Rule?
How many days are considered for a linear month when calculating gestation?
At what week does the placenta begin to assume full responsibility for hormone production during pregnancy?
According to the quickening rule, what is the period in weeks during which quickening is typically felt?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a fundal height (FH) of 28 cm approximately indicate regarding the age of gestation (AOG)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum gestational age in weeks required to classify a fetus as viable?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the weight classification for a newborn weighing 4500 grams?
Signup and view all the answers
At what crown-to-heel length is a fetus considered to meet one of the criteria for viability?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following weight categories applies to a newborn that weighs 1200 grams?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the indicator range for defining low birth weight in newborns?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Fertility Age and Gestation
- Fertility age refers to the reproductive years of women, typically 15 to 49 years.
- Gestation lasts approximately 280 days, or about 9 calendar months and includes the prenatal period from fertilization to delivery.
- Amniotic fluid is crucial for cushioning the fetus, maintaining body temperature, and facilitating fetal movement.
Amniotic Fluid and Fetus
- Amniotic fluid volume ranges from 800 to 1200 mL by the end of pregnancy.
- Fetal kidneys contribute to amniotic fluid by processes of swallowing and urinating; fluid varies due to fetal activities.
Placenta Function and Formation
- The placenta forms at implantation and is fully developed by the 12th week of gestation.
- It serves as a medium for nutrient and waste exchange between mother and fetus and produces pregnancy-maintaining hormones.
Computation of Gestational Age
- Naegle’s Rule estimates the expected date of confinement (EDC) using the formula: LMP + 9 months + 7 days.
- Quickening occurs around 16-20 weeks of gestation; date of quickening can help estimate EDC.
Signs of Pregnancy
- Confirmed by gestational age of 20 weeks, fetal weight ≥ 500 grams, or crown-to-heel length ≥ 25 cm.
Obstetric History
- Gravid and para (G-P) scores indicate pregnancy history:
- G = total number of pregnancies (gravida)
- P = number of live births (para)
- T = term pregnancies (≥ 37 weeks)
- P = preterm pregnancies (20 to 36 weeks)
- A = abortions (before 20 weeks)
- L = living children
Birth Weight Classifications
- Newborn weight classifications:
- Normal: ≥ 2500g to 3999g.
- Low Birth Weight (LBW): < 2500g.
- Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW): < 1500g.
- Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW): < 1000g.
- Large for Gestational Age (LGA): ≥ 4000g.
Neonatal Death Definitions
- Early neonatal death: death within the first 7 days postpartum.
- Late neonatal death: death between 7 to 29 days postpartum.
Umbilical Cord Structure
- Composed of two arteries (deoxygenated blood) and one vein (oxygenated blood).
Fetal Heart Rate (FHR)
- FHR varies with gestational age: 160-170 bpm in the first trimester, decreasing to 110-160 bpm with growth, typically double the maternal heart rate.
Prenatal Testing
- Genetic testing can be performed via chorionic villus sampling (CVS) by week 10 to 12 of pregnancy.
Immunity Transfer
- Maternal immunoglobulin transfer to the fetus occurs in the third trimester, providing passive immunity for the first few months after birth.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores the key concepts of fetal development, focusing on amniotic fluid and its functions during gestation. Understand the role of amniotic fluid in protecting the fetus, maintaining temperature, and facilitating movement. Dive into details about the prenatal period and the measurements related to fetal health.
