Fertilization Process in Biology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the hCG injection in IVF treatment?

To trigger egg maturation and mimic the embryo's signal (correct)

To suppress the woman's natural menstrual cycle

To stimulate the ovaries and induce superovulation

To bypass the need for sperm in fertilization

What happens to the sperm's tail and mitochondria after fertilization?

They are discarded and destroyed (correct)

They are used to form the zygote's nucleus

They are incorporated into the egg cell

They are released into the surrounding environment

What is the result of the joint mitosis that occurs after fertilization?

One diploid nucleus and one haploid nucleus

Two diploid nuclei (correct)

One haploid nucleus and one empty nucleus

Two haploid nuclei and one diploid nucleus

What is the purpose of the protective layer that forms around the egg after fertilization?

To prevent the entry of additional sperm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using high doses of FSH in IVF treatment?

To stimulate the ovaries and induce superovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the dissolution of the nuclear membranes of the sperm and egg nuclei after fertilization?

The release of 46 chromosomes that participate in a joint mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of suppressing the woman's natural menstrual cycle in IVF treatment?

To allow for precise hormonal control and synchronization Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the first cell division after fertilization?

It marks the beginning of a new organism Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of progesterone in in vitro fertilization?

To prepare the lining for implantation Signup and view all the answers

In flowering plants, what is the function of meiosis?

To produce sperm cells and egg cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a plant with both male and female parts?

Hermaphroditic Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of cross-pollination in plants?

It leads to 'hybrid vigor' in offspring Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of wind or animals in plant reproduction?

To transfer pollen between plants Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a plant with male and female flowers on the same plant?

Monoecious Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of different maturation times for pollen and stigma?

To discourage self-pollination Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a plant with male and female plants?

Dioecious Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Fertilization

Fertilization involves the fusion of a sperm's cell membrane with an egg cell membrane, entry of the sperm nucleus into the egg, and destruction of the sperm's tail and mitochondria
The nuclear membranes of the sperm and egg nuclei dissolve, releasing their chromosomes (23 each) and participating in a joint mitosis to produce two diploid nuclei
Fertilization ensures genetic diversity by preventing additional sperm from entering the egg and causing abnormal embryonic development

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

IVF is a fertility treatment that bypasses natural fertilization, relying on precise hormonal control
Medications suppress the natural menstrual cycle, and high doses of FSH stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple follicles with eggs (superovulation)
hCG injection matures the eggs, which are then collected for fertilization with sperm in a laboratory environment
Fertilized embryos are transferred back to the uterus with additional progesterone to prepare the lining for implantation

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells) inside ovules and pollen grains
Pollination transfers pollen to the stigma, and a pollen tube grows to carry sperm to the ovule for fertilization
Fertilization produces an embryo within a seed, even in hermaphroditic plants

Features of an Insect-Pollinated Flower

Diagrams of insect-pollinated flowers should include annotated structures and their functions

Methods of Promoting Cross-Pollination

Plants employ strategies to discourage self-pollination and encourage cross-pollination, including different maturation times for pollen and stigma, or separate male and female flowers or plants
Wind or animals transfer pollen between plants, increasing genetic variation and leading to "hybrid vigor" in offspring

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Description

This quiz covers the process of fertilization, including the fusion of sperm and egg cell membranes, the entry of the sperm nucleus, and the dissolution of nuclear membranes to form two diploid nuclei.