Fertilization Process: From Sperm to Zygote

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Which of the following substances requires active transport across the placenta?

O2
Lipid soluble fetotoxic substances
CO2
Amino acids (correct)

During which weeks does the placenta take over the endocrine function from the corpus luteum?

6-10
12-17 (correct)
18-22
24-28

What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?

Regulating blood sugar levels
Inhibiting contractions
Loosening the pelvis and dilating the cervix (correct)
Stimulating fetal development

How many calories per day should a pregnant woman increase her intake during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?

300 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the plug of mucus that covers the cervix and is expelled along with a small amount of blood before labor?

Bloody show (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many stages are there in the process of childbirth?

4 (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the foramen ovale and ductus arterioles in the infant's circulation?

To close after birth and allow for separate circulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of prolactin in lactation?

To establish and maintain the milk supply (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic term for the expression of a gene's effect?

Phenotype (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an individual who carries a recessive gene that can be passed on to their offspring?

Carrier (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of brown fat in the infant?

To regulate body temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the first milk produced by the mother, rich in immunoglobulins?

Colostrum (C) Signup and view all the answers

During fertilization, what is the purpose of the acrosomal reaction?

To release enzymes to penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the zona pellucida?

To block the entry of multiple sperm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fertilization, in terms of the genetic material of the zygote?

The zygote has half genetic material from the mother and half from the father (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fertilization membrane?

To block the entry of additional sperm after fertilization (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the sperm penetrates the layers surrounding the oocyte?

Penetration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the failure of a blastocyst to implant in the uterine wall?

Implantation failure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the yolk sac?

To provide nourishment to the embryo until the placenta is functional (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the embryonic cells organize into three layers?

Embryogenesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the placenta in terms of gas exchange?

To facilitate the exchange of gases and waste between the embryo and mother (D) Signup and view all the answers

At what stage is the placenta fully developed?

By the end of week 12 (A) Signup and view all the answers