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Fertilization and Human Reproduction
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Fertilization and Human Reproduction

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of sperm cell death in the female reproductive system?

  • Insufficient capacitation
  • Acidic environment (correct)
  • Immune response from leukocytes
  • Depolarization of the oocyte plasma membrane
  • What is the purpose of capacitation in sperm cells?

  • To increase the chances of identical twins
  • To slow down the sperm cells
  • To allow enzymes to penetrate the oocyte (correct)
  • To destroy the outer cover of the oocyte
  • What is the result of a fast block during fertilization?

  • The degradation of the outer cover
  • The coating of the outer cover with proteins
  • The depolarization of the oocyte plasma membrane (correct)
  • The destruction of sperm receptors
  • What is the likelihood of two oocytes being released and fertilized, resulting in fraternal twins?

    <p>1% of the time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final result of fertilization?

    <p>A single celled diploid zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the slow block during fertilization?

    <p>To destroy the remaining sperm cells and receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the laxative property in breast milk?

    <p>To remove bilirubin from the infant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical appearance and behavior of an individual?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of having an extra copy of chromosome 21?

    <p>Down's syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a gene that is always expressed in the phenotype, even if only one copy is present?

    <p>Dominant gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a person who has a recessive gene, but does not express it in their phenotype?

    <p>Carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

    <p>To figure out the probability of mixing two genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical weight gain for a mother during the first trimester?

    <p>1 lbs per month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does morning sickness occur during pregnancy?

    <p>Due to an increase in hormones and a decrease in peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an episiotomy during childbirth?

    <p>To cut the posterior vaginal wall and perineum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of the cervical dilation stage of childbirth?

    <p>6-12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the increased oxygen demand during pregnancy?

    <p>The fetus's oxygen requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Montgomery glands during breastfeeding?

    <p>To secrete oil to prevent nipple chapping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the uterus returning to its original size after childbirth?

    <p>Involution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the first breath of air taken by a newborn?

    <p>It occurs within 10 seconds after birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source for newborns to maintain body temperature?

    <p>Brown fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of milk produced by mothers for the first 3 days postpartum?

    <p>Colostrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of the conceptus digesting the endometrial wall during implantation?

    <p>Trophoblastic invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the yolk sac during embryonic development?

    <p>Providing nutrients, blood cells, and germ cells to the embryo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequences of a lack of folate in the diet during pregnancy?

    <p>Spina bifida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which weeks of gestation does the placenta develop?

    <p>Weeks 4-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average weight of a newborn?

    <p>5.5-8.8 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?

    <p>Loosening ligaments at the hip joint and dilating the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the period of rapid growth during pregnancy?

    <p>Fetal growth spurt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of the amniotic cavity?

    <p>Amniogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of the cells forming layers of membranes during embryonic development?

    <p>Embryonic folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of pregnancy into three periods?

    <p>Three trimesters</p> Signup and view all the answers

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