Fertilization, Cleavage, and Implantation

<p>Transfer of toxic substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two arteries and one vein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage of the male and female pronuclei (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It disappears completely. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce enzymes that erode uterine tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6th day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To differentiate into cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A structure containing 12 to 16 blastomeres. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion of the flat trilaminar embryonic disc into a cylindrical embryo (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fusion of the lower limbs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mesoderm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>End of the fourth week (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of pluripotent cells proliferating in the sacrococcygeal region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Critical period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoplasia and vertebral abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cephalocaudal folding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion of the embryo's shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Splanchnopleuric mesoderm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can differentiate into any other type of cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Completion of implantation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to differentiate into various cell types (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somatopleuric mesoderm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Implanted blastocyst at 6 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells harvested from bone marrow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to maintain the undifferentiated state through division (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of umbilical blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistence of a part of the yolk sac (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urachal cyst (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Median umbilical ligament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrous band obstruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meckel’s diverticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allantois defect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forms part of the urinary system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately 12-24 hours after ovulation

Approximately 30 hours after fertilization

12-16 blastomeres, 3 days post fertilization

Stage where the zona pellucida disappears and the blastocyst hatches

End of week 1 (6th day), completes around day 11.

Anterior or posterior uterine wall, near the middle line.

Endometrium after blastocyst implantation

Two layers of mesoderm outside the embryo: somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric.

Outer layer of the blastocyst, differentiating into two layers.

Inner cell mass differentiates into two layers: epiblast and hypoblast.

Primary mesoderm splits into somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric.

The stage of embryonic development after the morula, characterized by the formation of a blastocoel and two layers.

Undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into various cell types.

Stem cells capable of differentiating into any type of cell in the body.

The ability of stem cells to divide and maintain their undifferentiated state.

The ability of stem cells to differentiate into different cell types.

Mature blastocyst

The process of converting the flat trilaminar embryonic disc into a cylindrical embryo.

Starts at the end of the third week and completes by the fourth week.

Folding along the head-to-tail axis, caused by rapid growth of the central nervous system.

The bending of the embryo at the head end, forming the future head region.

The bending of the embryo at the tail end, forming the future buttocks and tail region.

Folding along the sides of the embryo, bringing the lateral edges closer together.

The ectoderm gives rise to the outer structures like skin, hair, nails, nervous system, and sensory organs.

The middle layer, mesoderm, forms muscles, bones, heart, blood, and internal organs.

The innermost layer, endoderm, forms the lining of the digestive system and respiratory system.

It is crucial for the formation of the body's major axes and internal structures.

The exchange of materials between the mother and fetus through the placenta. Oxygen, nutrients, and waste products are exchanged across the placental barrier.

The protective membrane separating the fetal blood from the maternal blood within the placenta. It allows for the exchange of essential substances but prevents mixing of blood.

The placental barrier initially comprises four layers: (a) endothelial lining of fetal vessels, (b) primary mesoderm, (c) cytotrophoblast, and (d) syncytiotrophoblast. These layers thin later in pregnancy, enhancing exchange efficiency.

A gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord that protects and supports the umbilical vessels (two arteries and one vein) carrying blood to and from the fetus.

The initial structure formed during embryonic folding, containing the body stalk (allantois and umbilical blood vessels), yolk stalk (vitelline blood vessels), and remnants of extra embryonic coelom.

A small pouch-like protrusion on the small intestine caused by the persistence of a part of the yolk sac.

A cord-like structure formed when the yolk stalk disappears, potentially leading to intestinal obstruction.

An abnormal connection between the yolk sac and the small intestine, often associated with bleeding.

A fluid-filled sac formed when the vitelline duct doesn't close properly.

A small pouch that extends from the yolk sac into the connecting stalk, later contributing to the formation of the urinary bladder.

A remnant of the allantois, forming the median umbilical ligament after birth.

Abnormal fluid-filled sac formed when the urachus fails to close completely.

An abnormal opening between the bladder and the belly button, caused by the urachus not closing completely.

An abnormal connection between the bladder and the belly button, allowing urine to leak out through the belly button.

The obliterated urachus, connecting the apex of the urinary bladder to the belly button after birth.