L9. GA - Female Reproductive System

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Questions and Answers

What structure does the round ligament attach to?

Lateral pelvic wall

Inferior pole of the ovary

Cornua of the uterus (correct)

Superior pole of the ovary

Which part of the broad ligament envelops and supports the uterine tube?

Mesovarium

Mesosalpinx (correct)

Transverse cervical ligament

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

Which ligament contains part of the uterine vessels and ureter?

Mesovarium

Uterosacral ligament (correct)

Round ligament

Suspensory ligament of the ovary

What does the suspensory ligament of the ovary primarily surround?

Ovarian vessels and nerves Signup and view all the answers

The transverse cervical ligaments are primarily associated with which structures?

Uterine vessels and ureter Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the vagina?

Facilitating the passage of menstruation Signup and view all the answers

Which structural feature is primarily associated with the uterus?

Endometrium Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the female reproductive system is primarily responsible for the transport of ova?

Uterine tubes Signup and view all the answers

Which structure provides support to the uterus through its ligaments?

Broad ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the arterial supply in the female reproductive system?

Delivering oxygenated blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the vagina in female reproductive physiology?

Organ of copulation Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure provides somatic sensory innervation to the lower third of the vagina?

Pudendal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding the structure of the vagina?

It is a distensible musculomembranous tube. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the relationship of the vagina to the bladder?

It is located anterior to the vagina. Signup and view all the answers

What feature of the vaginal walls enhances its structure?

Rugae presence in the mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the uterus during pregnancy?

It serves as a site for blastocyst implantation. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the uterus is primarily responsible for muscular contractions during childbirth?

Myometrium Signup and view all the answers

What does the cervical canal connect?

Uterine cavity and vagina Signup and view all the answers

Where does the implantation of the blastocyst occur?

In the endometrium Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is found at the upper portion of the uterus above the entry of the uterine tubes?

Fundus Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between anteflexed and anteverted positions of the uterus?

Anteverted refers to the position of the uterus relative to the vagina and cervix. Signup and view all the answers

What sensory pathways are involved in pain perception from the uterus?

Sympathetic nerves from T10-L2 levels Signup and view all the answers

Which structure surrounds the opening of the cervical canal into the vagina?

Cervical os Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the uterine tubes?

To transport ova and sperm, and facilitate fertilization Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the uterine tube is considered the usual site of fertilization?

Ampulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the attachment point for the upper pole of the ovary?

Suspensory ligament of the ovary Signup and view all the answers

Which artery contributes to the blood supply of the upper portion of the vagina?

Uterine artery Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the isthmus of the uterine tube?

It is narrow and thick-walled. Signup and view all the answers

How does the uterovaginal plexus drain bodily fluid?

It drains into the uterine veins. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of the ovarian artery?

It travels in the suspensory ligament of the ovary and mesovarium. Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT a function of the ovary?

Transport of fertilized ova Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Female Reproductive System - Learning Objectives

Vagina: Function, structure, relationships to other structures, and innervation are key topics.
Uterus: Function, structure, positioning, relationships to other structures, peritoneal coverings, and support ligaments are important.
Uterine Tubes: Function, structural features, parts, and relationships to other structures are covered.
Ovaries: Function, structure, and relationships to other structures are detailed.
Arterial Supply: Detailed description of the arterial supply to the female reproductive organs.
Venous Drainage: Description of the venous drainage of the female reproductive organs.
Lymphatic Drainage: Description of the lymphatic drainage of the female reproductive organs.

Supplemental Reading Materials

Gray's Anatomy for Students, 4th Ed. (2020) Drake, Vogl, Mitchell (Elsevier) Chapter 5.
Atlas of Human Anatomy, 7th Ed. (2019) Netter (Elsevier) Chapter 6.

Session Outline

(Page 2)*
Vagina: Function, Structure, Relationships, Innervation
Uterus: Function, Structure, Positioning, Relationships and Innervation, Peritoneal Coverings and Support Ligaments
Uterine Tubes: Function, Structure, Parts & Relationships
Ovary: Function, Structure & Relationships
Arterial Supply
Venous Drainage
Lymphatics

Vagina (Page 3)

Functions: Copulation, birth canal, outlet for menstrual fluid.
Structure: Distensible, musculomembranous tube with rugae (folds), posterior wall longer than anterior, lining of mucosa, cervix connections, extensive nerve plexus
Relationships: Vestibule to cervix; external fibrous coat formed by pelvic fascia.

Uterus (Page 5)

Functions: Implantation site, development environment, birth force.
Structure: Hollow, muscular walls (perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium).
Parts: Body (upper 2/3), fundus (above entry of uterine tubes), cornua (uterine tube region), isthmus (transition to cervix), cervix (lower 1/3 with cervical canal and cervical os)

Uterus - Position (Page 5)

Anteflexed: Bent anteriorly between axes of cervix and uterine body.
Anteverted: Inclined anteriorly between axes of vagina and cervix.

Relationships (Page 4 & 6)

Anterior: Vesicouterine pouch, bladder, ureter, urethra
Posterior: Rectouterine pouch, rectum, perineal body
Lateral: Broad ligament, ureter, vessels

Uterine Tubes (Page 9)

Functions: Transport ova and sperm. Fertilization typically in ampulla. Transports zygote to uterus.
Structure: Muscular tube, extending from cornua to ovary, opening into uterine and peritoneal cavities. Distal end (infundibulum) with fimbriae, widest (ampulla) fertilization site, narrow (isthmus) and uterine part.

Ovaries (Page 9)

Functions: Produce ova and hormones.
Structure Oval, nearly vertical, upper/tubal pole connected to suspensory ligament, lower poles to ovarian ligament, anterior border connected to mesovarium, posterior border not covered in peritoneum

Arterial Supply (Page 10)

Uterine Artery: Lateral aspect of cervix, travels through broad ligament, anastomoses with ovarian artery, blood supply to tubes and upper vagina.
Ovarian Artery: Inside suspensory ligament and mesovarium, supplies ovary and tubes.
Vaginal Artery: From internal iliac or uterine artery, or a common trunk, supplies middle and lower vagina.

Venous Drainage (Page 10)

Uterovaginal Plexus: Drains uterus, vagina, proximal uterine tubes to uterine veins. Often anastomoses with superior rectal vein
Ovarian Vein: Drains ovary; distal portion of uterine tubes to form pelvic plexus in broad ligament.
Internal Pudendal Vein: Drains lower portion of vagina

Lymphatic Drainage (Page 11)

Most of vagina and uterus: Internal, external, or common iliac nodes, or aortic nodes.
Ovaries, fundus of uterus, and uterine tubes: Along ovarian vessels to aortic nodes,
Lower end of vagina: Superficial inguinal nodes.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system, including the vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries. It also addresses the arterial supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage of these organs, referencing key texts such as Gray's Anatomy and the Atlas of Human Anatomy.