Ch 14
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Questions and Answers

What is an early sign of AIDS in the mouth?

  • Dark red confluent macule on the hard palate (correct)
  • Yellow discoloration of the gums
  • Purple lesions on the lips
  • White patches on the tongue

    • What causes a black, hairy tongue?

  • Bacterial infection in the lungs
  • Viral infection in the mouth
  • Fungal infection due to antibiotic use (correct)
  • Overgrowth of hair

    • What is the tongue overgrowth in a black, hairy tongue not actually made of?

  • Virus
  • Fungus
  • Hair (correct)
  • Bacteria

    • What inhibits normal bacteria and allows a proliferation of fungus in the mouth?

    <p>Antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the ciliated mucous membrane in the nose?

    <p>Filtering coarse particles from inhaled air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the projections in the nasal cavity that increase the surface area called?

    <p>Turbinates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sinuses are present at birth in a newborn infant?

    <p>Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the rich blood supply of the nasal mucosa?

    <p>Warming the inhaled air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age are frontal sinuses well developed?

    <p>7 to 8 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the parotid gland located?

    <p>In front of the ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the frenulum?

    <p>Connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal appearance of tonsils in a 30-year-old?

    <p>Involuted and granular with deep crypts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does salivation in infants start?

    <p>3 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause a decreased ability to identify odors in an 80-year-old?

    <p>Reduction in the number of olfactory nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is more likely to have leukoedema?

    <p>Black individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for nosebleeds?

    <p>Sitting up with the head tilted forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may cause dysphagia in a 92-year-old patient?

    <p>Having had a stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is better for teeth than thumb-sucking?

    <p>Using a pacifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse advise the mother against using?

    <p>A bottle as a pacifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the uvula?

    <p>A free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of prolonged bottle use in infants?

    <p>Increased risk of tooth decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of many drugs taken by older people?

    <p>Xerostomia (dry mouth)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct technique for using an otoscope?

    <p>Inserting the apparatus into the nasal vestibule, avoiding pressure on the nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nasal mucosa look like in chronic allergies?

    <p>Swollen, boggy, pale, and gray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sensation should normal sinus areas produce during palpation?

    <p>Firm pressure but no pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a normal finding in Black patients?

    <p>Bluish lips and a dark line along the gingival margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do dry mouth and deep vertical fissures in the tongue reflect?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Fordyce granules?

    <p>Small, isolated white or yellow papules on the mucosa of the cheek, tongue, and lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bright red, swollen tonsils with exudate or large white spots indicate?

    <p>An acute infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse do if unable to suction the nares of a newborn?

    <p>Wait a few minutes and try again once the infant stops crying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is further action necessary if a newborn cannot be suctioned?

    <p>No, it is not necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bright red, swollen tonsils with large white spots indicate in a 10-year-old?

    <p>An acute infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if newborn nares are blocked with amniotic fluid?

    <p>Gentle suction with a bulb syringe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the inability to pass a catheter through the nares?

    <p>Choanal atresia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may bruising or lacerations on buccal mucosa or gums indicate in infants or young children?

    <p>Child abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may unilateral purulent drainage with foul odor in afebrile children indicate?

    <p>Foreign object aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may clear vesicles with erythematous base around the lip indicate?

    <p>Herpes simplex I or cold sores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may swollen, bleeding gums during pregnancy be due to?

    <p>Hormonal changes causing gingivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may white, cheesy, curdlike patches on buccal mucosa and tongue indicate?

    <p>Candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may black, hairy tongue in a patient with a history of numerous antibiotics indicate?

    <p>Benign condition known as 'black hairy tongue'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if indurated, crusted, and ulcerated lesions are found on the lip?

    <p>Referral for further evaluation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be the cause of candidiasis in the oral cavity?

    <p>Antibiotic use or immunosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be indicated by swollen, bleeding gums during pregnancy?

    <p>Hormonal changes causing gingivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if there is suspected obstruction in the nares?

    <p>Passing a catheter through each naris to confirm patency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pediatric Nasal Assessment and Oral Cavity Abnormalities Summary

    • Newborns are obligate nose breathers; patency of nares is crucial for breathing.
    • If nares are blocked with amniotic fluid, gentle suction with a bulb syringe is recommended.
    • Suspected obstruction requires passing a catheter through each naris to confirm patency.
    • Choanal atresia, indicated by inability to pass a catheter, requires immediate intervention.
    • Bruising or lacerations on buccal mucosa or gums may indicate child abuse in infants or young children.
    • Unilateral purulent drainage with foul odor in afebrile children may indicate foreign object aspiration.
    • Clear vesicles with erythematous base around the lip may indicate herpes simplex I or cold sores.
    • Indurated, crusted, and ulcerated lesions on the lip may indicate carcinoma and require referral.
    • Swollen, bleeding gums during pregnancy may be due to hormonal changes causing gingivitis.
    • White, cheesy, curdlike patches on buccal mucosa and tongue may indicate candidiasis.
    • Antibiotic use or immunosuppression can lead to candidiasis in the oral cavity.
    • Black, hairy tongue in a patient with a history of numerous antibiotics may indicate a benign condition known as "black hairy tongue."

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    Description

    This summary covers important considerations for assessing nasal patency in newborns, identifying oral cavity abnormalities, and recognizing indications of various conditions in pediatric patients. Topics include choanal atresia, foreign object aspiration, herpes simplex I, oral candidiasis, and black hairy tongue.

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