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What is Federalism?
What is Federalism?
Federalism is a system of government where power is shared between a national government and state or regional governments.
How many levels of government are involved in a federal system?
How many levels of government are involved in a federal system?
In some federal countries, there is a system of dual citizenship.
In some federal countries, there is a system of dual citizenship.
True (A)
What is a constitution?
What is a constitution?
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To prevent conflicts between the Centre and the States, what mechanism does a federal government use?
To prevent conflicts between the Centre and the States, what mechanism does a federal government use?
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The Indian government is based on the principles of unity and cooperation.
The Indian government is based on the principles of unity and cooperation.
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What is the most important feature of the federal system adopted in India?
What is the most important feature of the federal system adopted in India?
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How many sets of government are created by the Indian Constitution?
How many sets of government are created by the Indian Constitution?
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What is the name given to the government for the entire nation?
What is the name given to the government for the entire nation?
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What is the name given to the government for each state?
What is the name given to the government for each state?
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The Indian constitution grants a clear and distinct area of activity for each set of government.
The Indian constitution grants a clear and distinct area of activity for each set of government.
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What is the role of the judiciary in resolving disputes about government powers?
What is the role of the judiciary in resolving disputes about government powers?
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What are the three lists that divide government powers in India?
What are the three lists that divide government powers in India?
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The ______ List includes subjects like defence, atomic energy, foreign affairs, war, and peace.
The ______ List includes subjects like defence, atomic energy, foreign affairs, war, and peace.
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The ______ List includes subjects like agriculture, police, prison, local government, public health, and land.
The ______ List includes subjects like agriculture, police, prison, local government, public health, and land.
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The ______ List includes subjects like education, transfer of property, forests, trade, and unions.
The ______ List includes subjects like education, transfer of property, forests, trade, and unions.
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The Union government can make laws on matters mentioned in the Union List only.
The Union government can make laws on matters mentioned in the Union List only.
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The State government can make laws on matters mentioned in the State List only.
The State government can make laws on matters mentioned in the State List only.
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Who can make laws on matters mentioned in the Concurrent List?
Who can make laws on matters mentioned in the Concurrent List?
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What are Residuary Powers?
What are Residuary Powers?
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The Union legislature alone has the power to legislate on Residuary Powers.
The Union legislature alone has the power to legislate on Residuary Powers.
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The Indian Constitution promotes a strong central government.
The Indian Constitution promotes a strong central government.
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What was the main reason behind the creation of a strong central government in India?
What was the main reason behind the creation of a strong central government in India?
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What were some of the socio-economic problems that required a strong central government in India?
What were some of the socio-economic problems that required a strong central government in India?
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The Parliament can form a new state by separating territory from another state.
The Parliament can form a new state by separating territory from another state.
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The Indian constitution allows for emergency provisions that can turn the federal system into a highly centralized one.
The Indian constitution allows for emergency provisions that can turn the federal system into a highly centralized one.
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During an emergency, Parliament can make laws even on subjects under the jurisdiction of the states.
During an emergency, Parliament can make laws even on subjects under the jurisdiction of the states.
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The central government controls items generating revenue in India.
The central government controls items generating revenue in India.
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States in India are heavily dependent on financial assistance from the center.
States in India are heavily dependent on financial assistance from the center.
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The Governor of a state can delay a bill passed by the state legislature.
The Governor of a state can delay a bill passed by the state legislature.
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The Governor can veto a bill passed by the state legislature.
The Governor can veto a bill passed by the state legislature.
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The central government can legislate on matters from the state list.
The central government can legislate on matters from the state list.
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A bill passed by the central government on matters from the state list needs to be ratified by the Rajya Sabha.
A bill passed by the central government on matters from the state list needs to be ratified by the Rajya Sabha.
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The Indian Constitution states that executive powers of the center are superior to the state governments.
The Indian Constitution states that executive powers of the center are superior to the state governments.
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IAS and IPS officers serving in state governments report to the central government.
IAS and IPS officers serving in state governments report to the central government.
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State governments can take disciplinary action against IAS and IPS officers.
State governments can take disciplinary action against IAS and IPS officers.
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The Parliament has constitutional authority to protect persons serving the union or states during emergency situations.
The Parliament has constitutional authority to protect persons serving the union or states during emergency situations.
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What are some common demands for autonomy from states in India?
What are some common demands for autonomy from states in India?
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Demands for autonomy can arise due to cultural and linguistic issues.
Demands for autonomy can arise due to cultural and linguistic issues.
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What are the two main types of disputes that occur between states in India?
What are the two main types of disputes that occur between states in India?
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Why are disputes over sharing of river waters particularly serious?
Why are disputes over sharing of river waters particularly serious?
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The Indian Constitution has special provisions for certain states due to their social and historical circumstances.
The Indian Constitution has special provisions for certain states due to their social and historical circumstances.
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Special provisions in the Indian Constitution mainly pertain to North-Eastern states with a significant tribal population.
Special provisions in the Indian Constitution mainly pertain to North-Eastern states with a significant tribal population.
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Special provisions also exist for hilly states and some other states.
Special provisions also exist for hilly states and some other states.
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The statehood of Jammu and Kashmir has been withdrawn.
The statehood of Jammu and Kashmir has been withdrawn.
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The Governor of a state is elected by the people.
The Governor of a state is elected by the people.
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What is President's Rule?
What is President's Rule?
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President's rule can be continued for three years.
President's rule can be continued for three years.
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The Governor can recommend the dismissal of a state government.
The Governor can recommend the dismissal of a state government.
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The Governor can suspend or dissolve the state assembly.
The Governor can suspend or dissolve the state assembly.
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The creation of new states is a relatively recent phenomenon in India.
The creation of new states is a relatively recent phenomenon in India.
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The creation of new states is typically driven by demands for cultural and linguistic identity.
The creation of new states is typically driven by demands for cultural and linguistic identity.
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Study Notes
Federalism
- Federalism is a system of government that divides power between a central government and regional governments.
- Each level of government has its own sphere of autonomy.
- Some countries have a dual citizenship system, where citizens have loyalties to both the region and the nation.
- India has a single citizenship system.
- Power is divided among different levels/tiers of the government
- The details of this division are outlined in a written constitution that is considered supreme.
- The judiciary can resolve disputes between the central and state governments.
Federalism in the Indian Constitution
- A large nation like India needs a division of powers between different levels of government.
- The Indian Constitution, based on unity and cooperation between the Centre and the States, assigned separated powers.
- The key for the federal system in the Indian Constitution is cooperation between the Centre and states.
- The Constitution does recognize diversity but emphasizes unity.
Division of Powers
- The Indian Constitution creates two levels of government: the Union (central) government and the State governments.
- Each level has its own constitutional authority and specific areas of responsibility.
- The judicial branch is involved in dispute resolution if powers are challenged.
- The Constitution clearly defines subjects under the Union and State's exclusive domain.
- Notably, economic and financial powers are largely centralized under the Union government.
Constitution of India - Division of Powers
- Union List: Defence, Atomic Energy, Foreign Affairs, Banking, Railways.
- State List: Agriculture, Police, Prisons, Local Government, Public Health, Livestock and Animal Husbandry.
- Concurrent List: Education, Transfer of Property, Trade Unions, Forests.
- Residuary Powers: Powers not specifically mentioned in any of the above lists are the responsibility of the Union.
Federalism with a Strong Central Government
- The Indian Constitution established a strong central government.
- The framers of the Constitution sought a federal system accommodating diversity, but also strong central control to avoid disintegration.
- Socioeconomic issues like poverty, illiteracy, and wealth discrepancies necessitated a centralized approach for planning and coordination.
Provisions for a Strong Central Government
- The Parliament can form new states or alter the boundaries.
- Emergency provisions enable a highly centralized system during emergency periods.
- The Parliament is empowered to make laws on matters normally under the state's jurisdiction in an emergency.
- The central government holds significant financial power. States largely depend on financial aid from the Centre.
Role of Governors and President's Rule
- Governors are appointed by the central government and their actions can be seen as an interference in the functioning of State governments.
- Article 356 (President's Rule) allows for central government take over of State government operations if provisions of the Constitution are violated.
- President's rule can be extended up to three years.
- The Governor can recommend the dismissal of State governments, and/ or suspending or dissolving the state legislature.
Demands for New States
- The national movement aimed at creating states based on common cultural and linguistic factors.
- Reorganization of states occurred in 1956, leading to creation of linguistic states.
- Later reorganisation of states continued and new states were formed on basis of administrative efficiency and regional demands (e.g., Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar gave rise to several states in the 1980s-2000s).
- Telangana was created in 2014.
Inter-State Conflicts
- Disputes regarding territory and border lines occur between states.
- River water sharing and related agricultural and drinking water issues are significant sources of dispute.
- The dispute between the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka over Belgaum is a significant one.
Special Provisions
- The Constitution grants special provisions (e.g., Article 370) to some states due to specific social and historical circumstances.
- Certain states like those in the Northeast are given special consideration based on their distinct tribal identity and culture.
- States with particular challenges, especially hilly areas of India also receive special consideration and treatment from the constitution
Important Questions
- Defining Federalism, explaining its importance, and detailing its workings in India.
- Explaining the various lists of powers and residuary powers in India.
- Understanding how provision of a strong central government work in India.
- The roles of the Governor and the President's Rule,
- Explaining different kinds of autonomy demanded by states.
- Highlighting common inter-state disputes.
- Detailing Special provisions applicable to different states.
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Description
Explore the concept of federalism as laid out in the Indian Constitution. This quiz covers the division of powers, roles of central and state governments, and the judiciary's role in resolving conflicts. Test your knowledge on how federalism operates in India.
