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What should be the primary basis for the formation of a State according to the principles of federalism?
Which of the following features of the Indian Constitution strengthens the central government's authority over the States?
What concern do many States have regarding the role of the Governor?
In which scenario would imposing President's rule in a State be considered appropriate?
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Should some States be governed by special provisions, and what is a potential consequence?
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Which statement accurately reflects the distribution of economic powers between the central and state governments?
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Which list includes subjects that are exclusive to State Legislatures?
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What may explain the dissatisfaction of States concerning the division of powers?
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Which of the following pairs correctly identifies the purpose of the Concurrent List?
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What might justify the need for specifically mentioning Residual powers in the Constitution?
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Which subject is NOT included in the Union List?
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Which describes a correct interaction between the different lists outlined in the Constitution?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the State List?
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What was required from the State of Jammu and Kashmir for laws to be made in the Union and Concurrent lists?
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Which constitutional provision allowed the President to specify parts of the Union list applicable to Jammu and Kashmir?
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What could not be imposed in Jammu and Kashmir without the State government's concurrence?
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What change did the Jammu and Kashmir reorganisation Act 2019 bring about?
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What is the main assertion about national unity in relation to diversity?
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What was unique about Jammu and Kashmir compared to other Indian states before the reorganisation?
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Which of the following events exemplifies the functioning of federalism?
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How does forced unity impact social dynamics?
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Which aspect was NOT applicable to Jammu and Kashmir during its special status?
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What approach is suggested for responding to the demands of rain-hit states?
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What was one of the key values that federalism must promote according to the conclusion?
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What does federalism ultimately celebrate according to the conclusion?
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What indicates the federal structure's responsiveness in the conversion of Manipur University?
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What notable feature did Jammu and Kashmir maintain even with its special status?
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Which of the following statements best reflects the concept of autonomy within federalism?
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What can be inferred about the relationship between federalism and social strife?
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What is the nature of federalism described as in the conclusion?
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Which event highlights the government's crisis response mechanism?
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What does the Shiv Sainiks' action in Mumbai exemplify in terms of social dynamics?
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What fundamental principle is critical for achieving effective federalism?
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What was one key reason for creating a strong central government in India according to the framers of the Constitution?
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Which of the following issues was NOT mentioned as a socio-economic problem requiring a strong central government?
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What does the concept of 'Residuary Powers' refer to in the Indian Constitution?
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Which statement reflects T.T. Krishnamachari's view on the drift of power within Indian governance?
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What is a significant challenge that the framers of the Indian Constitution aimed to address through a strong central government?
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Why was federalism chosen as the structure for the Indian Constitution?
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Which aspect of statehood is maintained by the Parliament as per the Indian Constitution?
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Which of the following best describes the Indian Constitution's approach towards states and the center?
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Why was planning and coordination essential according to the Constitution's framers?
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What societal changes did the framers of the Indian Constitution anticipate necessitating a strong central government?
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Study Notes
Indian Federal System
- The Indian Constitution creates a strong central government, encompassing the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.
- The Union List empowers the national government on matters such as defence, foreign affairs, atomic energy, banking, railways, post and telegraph, airways, ports, and foreign trade, among others.
- State Governments handle subjects like agriculture, police, prisons, local government, public health, land matters, liquor, trade and commerce within the state, livestock and animal husbandry, and state public services.
- Concurrent List grants legislative power to both the national and state governments on topics including education, transfer of property (excluding agricultural land), forests, trade unions, adulteration, adoption, and succession.
- Residuary Powers cover all matters not specifically mentioned in the three lists and are vested solely in the national government, an example would be cyber laws.
- The constitution gives a strong centre to handle social and political changes, address unity and development, and tackle issues like poverty, illiteracy, and wealth inequality through planning and coordination.
- The existence of a state and its territorial integrity falls under the purview of Parliament.
- Prior to its removal in 2019, Article 370 granted special status to Jammu and Kashmir. This provision allowed the state to have its own constitution and flag, requiring the concurrence of the state government for the application of Union and Concurrent lists.
- The state government also had the power to restrict the application of the Union List within its territory.
- Earlier provisions allowed the President, in concurrence with the state government, to determine which parts of the Union List were applicable to Jammu and Kashmir.
- The special status of Jammu and Kashmir was abolished by the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act of 2019, which split it into two Union Territories: Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
Federalism - A Balancing Act
- Federalism aims to balance the power of the central government and states.
- The success of federalism hinges on a culture of mutual trust, toleration, and cooperation between the center and states.
- Challenges arise when trying to address differences because forced unity can lead to social strife and alienation.
- A responsive government, sensitive to diversity and autonomy demands, is essential for a cooperative federation.
The Role of Governors
- Governors hold a significant role in the Indian federal system and are appointed by the President of India.
- Concerns have been raised about the role of Governors as they have the power to dismiss a state government even with an elected majority.
- This can lead to friction and raise questions about the Governor's impartiality.
President's Rule
- President's rule can be imposed on a state if the government is not functioning according to the Constitution.
- The President can impose President's rule using Article 356 of the Indian Constitution.
- The application of President's rule is controversial, as it effectively suspends the state government and places it under the control of the central government.
State Demands for Autonomy
- States continue to seek greater autonomy in various aspects, including:
- Increased financial resources: They argue for a larger share of tax revenue and more control over their economic development.
- Enhanced power over local governance: They demand greater say in matters that directly affect their populations, such as education, health, and infrastructure.
- Greater control over natural resources: They seek more control over the exploitation and management of resources like minerals, forests, and water bodies within their territory.
- Special provisions for specific states: States with unique linguistic, cultural, or geographical characteristics seek special provisions or safeguards to preserve their identity and interests.
Special Provisions
- States with special provisions, such as Jammu and Kashmir before 2019, face potential resentment from other states who may feel that they are being treated unfairly.
- The effectiveness of special provisions in promoting unity within the country depends on their application and balancing the interests of all states.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of the Indian Federal System as outlined in the Constitution. This quiz covers the roles of the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, along with the division of powers among the central and state governments. Test your understanding of the legislative powers and the residuary powers defined in this unique federal structure.
