Federalism Chapter 3 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the Federal System?

  • A system where local governments derive all authority from a strong national government
  • A type of government that does not allow federal powers
  • A system where national government derives all authority from states
  • A system where the national and state governments share some powers (correct)
  • What is a Confederation?

    A type of government where the national government derives its powers from the states.

    What powers are included in the Enumerated Powers?

    Taxation, coinage of money, regulation of commerce, and authority to provide for national defense.

    The Necessary and Proper Clause is only called the elastic clause.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ Clause mandates that national law is supreme over state laws.

    <p>Supremacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Tenth Amendment define?

    <p>The basic principle of American federalism, stating powers not delegated to the United States nor prohibited by it to the states are reserved to the states or the people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Reserve Powers?

    <p>Powers reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment, relating to public health and welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concurrent Powers are exclusively given to either state or national governments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Bill of Attainder?

    <p>A law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Full Faith and Credit Clause ensure?

    <p>It requires states to recognize and enforce judicial decrees from other states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of McCulloch v. Maryland?

    <p>The Supreme Court upheld national government power and interpretation of the supremacy clause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Cooperative Federalism?

    <p>The relationship between national and state governments initiated during the New Deal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Sixteenth Amendment authorized Congress to enact a _____ tax.

    <p>national income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Unfunded Mandates?

    <p>National laws that require states to comply but provide little or no federal funding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sovereign Immunity allows states to be sued without their permission.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Federal System

    • A governance structure where national and state governments share powers.
    • Authority is derived from the people; national powers are outlined in the U.S. Constitution.

    Confederation

    • A governmental framework where states hold most powers, creating a league of independent states.

    Unitary System

    • A centralized governmental model with local and regional authorities deriving all power from a strong national government.

    Enumerated Powers

    • Specific powers granted to Congress detailed in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, including taxation, coinage, commerce regulation, and national defense.

    Necessary and Proper Clause

    • Found in Article I, Section 8; empowers Congress to enact laws necessary for executing enumerated powers, also referred to as the elastic clause.

    Implied Powers

    • Powers not explicitly listed but inferred from enumerated powers and the Necessary and Proper Clause.

    Supremacy Clause

    • Article VI declaration stating national law supersedes state laws and other governmental regulations.

    Tenth Amendment

    • Part of the Bill of Rights emphasizing that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved for states or the people.

    Reserved Powers

    • Powers allocated to states through the Tenth Amendment, foundational for state legislation on public health and welfare.

    Concurrent Powers

    • Authorities held by both state and national governments that can be exercised simultaneously, provided they don't conflict with national law.

    Bill of Attainder

    • Legislative act that declares an act illegal without a judicial trial.

    Ex Post Facto Law

    • Legislation that retroactively makes lawful acts illegal, prohibited by the U.S. Constitution.

    Full Faith and Credit Clause

    • Article IV provision ensuring legal decrees and contracts in one state are recognized and enforceable in other states.

    Privileges and Immunities Clause

    • Guarantees that citizens of each state receive the same legal rights in all states.

    Extradition Clause

    • Article IV requirement mandating states to return criminals to their jurisdiction of conviction or trial.

    Interstate Compacts

    • Contracts between states with legal force, often addressing multistate policy matters.

    McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

    • Supreme Court ruling affirming national government authority and disallowing states from taxing federal banks, reinforcing the supremacy clause and broad interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause.

    Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

    • Supreme Court decision supporting expansive congressional power to regulate interstate commerce, interpreting the commerce clause broadly.

    Dual Federalism

    • Perspective advocating for distinct and equally powerful layers of government.

    Sixteenth Amendment

    • Allowed Congress to implement a national income tax.

    Seventeenth Amendment

    • Instituted direct election of senators, shifting the selection process from state legislatures to the populace.

    Cooperative Federalism

    • Collaborative federal-state relationship originating during the New Deal era.

    Categorical Grant

    • Federal funds allocated by Congress for specific purposes or projects.

    New Federalism

    • Reagan-era proposal aimed at redistributing administrative authority back to state governments.

    Block Grant

    • Comprehensive grants provided by the federal government with minimal conditions, designated for specific areas like health or education.

    Unfunded Mandates

    • Federal regulations imposing obligations on states without financial support for implementation.

    Preemption

    • Concept originating from the supremacy clause allowing national government to preempt state or local actions in designated matters.

    Sovereign Immunity

    • The principle that a state cannot be sued unless it consents, rooted in the Eleventh Amendment's view of state sovereignty.

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    Test your knowledge of federalism with these flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 3. Learn about the federal system, confederations, and the distribution of powers between national and state governments.

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