Questions and Answers
What does intrinsic motivation refer to?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of motivation?
What type of motivation is primarily concerned with necessities for survival?
How might an individual's motivational state change?
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Which component contributes to an individual's desire to act?
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What do social motives primarily involve?
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Which characteristic describes motivation’s element of choice?
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What is a potential outcome of a strong motivational state?
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What societal characteristic is associated with Ghanaians regarding sexuality?
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How do individuals in Inis Beag typically approach sexual activity?
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What misconception is held by men in Inis Beag regarding sexual health?
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Which statement best describes the sexual culture of the Mehinaku community?
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What is a common belief about sex education in Inis Beag?
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What could happen to a woman in the Mehinaku culture who enters a 'man's' house?
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What is a primary method by which men compete for women’s affections in the Mehinaku culture?
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What are marital partners in Inis Beag expected to do during sexual activity?
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Which stage of human sexual behavior involves direct physical contact?
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What role do sexual hormones play in sexual arousal?
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Which of the following stimuli can trigger sexual arousal?
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Which characteristic describes heterosexual orientation?
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Who would be classified as a homosexual?
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In what way do imagined stimuli contribute to sexual arousal?
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What happens to men who are castrated in relation to sexual arousal?
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Which factor is not considered a key influence on sexual arousal?
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What are personal motives primarily influenced by?
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Which of the following is NOT a physiological factor influencing motives?
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How do motives primarily influence an individual's behavior?
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Which factor is likely to increase the desire to achieve certain goals through emotional influence?
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Which of the following best describes how habits influence motives?
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What role do values and attitudes play in influencing motives?
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Which of the following is a primary way motives sustain behavior?
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Which environmental factor may compel an individual to act on their motives?
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What phenomenon explains how individuals adapt to changes in income levels over time?
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How do comparisons with others impact a person's happiness according to the content?
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In wealthy societies, who typically reports higher levels of happiness?
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What is indicated as a possible outcome of sudden improvements in financial conditions?
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How does fear influence behavior according to the provided information?
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What is a common effect of anger as suggested by the proverbs mentioned?
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Which of the following statements about happiness is false?
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What suggestion is provided for how we might learn to fear certain stimuli?
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Study Notes
Internal and External Forces of Motivation
- Motivation is driven by internal (intrinsic) and external (extrinsic) forces that initiate behavior.
- External factors can influence motivation, but the state is fundamentally an internal experience unique to the individual.
- Motivation leads to a desire to act, an intention to plan actions, and a pressure to follow through on these actions.
Features of Motivation
- Motivation is an internal state, shaped by personal experiences and not solely by external influences.
- It encompasses emotions such as desire, intention, and pressure to act.
- Every individual possesses a unique motivational state, which can vary significantly between individuals and situations.
- Motivational states can evolve over time based on context and circumstance.
Types of Motives
- Physiological/Biological Motives: Essential for survival, including food, water, sex, and clothing.
- Social Motives: Reflect humans’ social nature, including the desire for approval, affection, respect, and prestige.
- Personal Motives: Unique to individuals and shaped by personal interests, values, and self-concept.
Factors Influencing Activity of Motives
- Physiological Factors: Basic biological needs drive motivation, like the need for food and hydration.
- Emotions: Emotional states can enhance motivation towards specific goals, influenced by feelings such as happiness or anger.
- Habits: Established habits can trigger motives; for instance, addiction can drive individuals to seek specific substances.
- Values and Attitudes: Beliefs and principles can initiate motives, reflecting personal values or religious commitments.
- Environmental Factors: Conditions such as the cost of living or available resources can influence motivational drives.
How Motives Influence Behavior
- Energize: Motives energize individuals, igniting the desire to take action (e.g., fitness aspirations).
- Sustain Behavior: Motives support continuous interest and persistence until a goal is achieved.
Cultural Differences in Sexuality
- Ghanaians generally exhibit reticence regarding sexual expression.
- Studies indicate significant barriers in sexual communication between parents and adolescents.
- Inis Beag: Known for extreme sexual repression, with strict norms around nudity and marital intimacy.
- Mehinaku: Features an open culture regarding sexual discussions with children, yet maintains strict gender segregation.
Shocking Sexual Traditions
- Various tribes have unique sexual customs, including the drinking of semen in Papua New Guinea and polyandry among Himalayan communities.
- Such traditions offer a glimpse into the diverse ways sexuality is perceived and practiced globally.
Factors Influencing Arousal
- Sexual Hormones: Hormones like estrogen and testosterone regulate sexual function; loss of these can diminish sexual drive.
- External Stimuli: Physical appearance and erotic stimuli from the environment can evoke sexual arousal.
- Imagined Stimuli: Fantasy plays a significant role in sexual arousal, demonstrating the power of the mind.
Sexual Orientation
- Heterosexual attraction involves emotional and erotic interests toward the opposite gender.
- Homosexual attraction encompasses emotional and erotic interests toward the same gender, categorized as gay or lesbian.
Happiness Factors
- Wealth influences happiness, with people in prosperous nations generally reporting higher satisfaction.
- Sudden financial improvements can increase happiness levels, but those in poverty may still find life satisfaction.
Fear and Anger
- Fear can inhibit action, prompting escape or protective behaviors.
- Cultural proverbs reflect the views on anger, emphasizing its transformative impact on behavior.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential features of motivation, including intrinsic and extrinsic forces that drive behavior. Delve into how goals are directed, maintained, and the feedback mechanisms that influence motivation according to Westwood's concepts. Test your understanding of these motivational principles.
