Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of vitamins are essential for body processes but do not provide energy directly?
What type of vitamins are essential for body processes but do not provide energy directly?
Which vitamin plays an important role in vision and immune system regulation?
Which vitamin plays an important role in vision and immune system regulation?
How are fat-soluble vitamins characterized compared to water-soluble vitamins?
How are fat-soluble vitamins characterized compared to water-soluble vitamins?
What is a common food source for Vitamin A?
What is a common food source for Vitamin A?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following vitamins is classified as water-soluble?
Which of the following vitamins is classified as water-soluble?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary source of preformed vitamin A?
What is the primary source of preformed vitamin A?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin A?
Which of the following conditions is caused by a severe deficiency of vitamin A?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for adults aged 1-70 years old according to the Institute of Medicine?
What is the recommended daily intake of vitamin D for adults aged 1-70 years old according to the Institute of Medicine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the major function of vitamin D in the body?
What is the major function of vitamin D in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin A source has the highest conversion efficiency to retinol?
Which vitamin A source has the highest conversion efficiency to retinol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is essential for the absorption of Vitamin B12?
What is essential for the absorption of Vitamin B12?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following mineral is most abundant in the body?
Which of the following mineral is most abundant in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which water-soluble vitamin is involved in preventing scurvy?
Which water-soluble vitamin is involved in preventing scurvy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which mineral is key for fluid regulation and nerve function?
Which mineral is key for fluid regulation and nerve function?
Signup and view all the answers
Which food is considered a rich source of cobalamin (Vitamin B12)?
Which food is considered a rich source of cobalamin (Vitamin B12)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of vitamin K in the body?
What is the primary function of vitamin K in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which food source is considered the best for vitamin E?
Which food source is considered the best for vitamin E?
Signup and view all the answers
Why might supplementation of vitamin D be necessary?
Why might supplementation of vitamin D be necessary?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does vitamin E play in relation to premature infants?
What role does vitamin E play in relation to premature infants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the AI (Adequate Intake) for vitamin K for men?
What is the AI (Adequate Intake) for vitamin K for men?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate intake of vitamin D?
Which of the following is a consequence of inadequate intake of vitamin D?
Signup and view all the answers
Which food is NOT a good source of vitamin E?
Which food is NOT a good source of vitamin E?
Signup and view all the answers
Increased dietary intake of which component is associated with a higher requirement for vitamin E?
Increased dietary intake of which component is associated with a higher requirement for vitamin E?
Signup and view all the answers
What deficiency disease is associated with niacin?
What deficiency disease is associated with niacin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a good food source of vitamin B6?
Which of the following is a good food source of vitamin B6?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition results from vitamin B6 deficiency?
What condition results from vitamin B6 deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does tetrahydrofolic acid (TH4) play in cellular function?
What role does tetrahydrofolic acid (TH4) play in cellular function?
Signup and view all the answers
Which food is particularly rich in folate?
Which food is particularly rich in folate?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the consequences of folate deficiency?
What are the consequences of folate deficiency?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin is methylcobalamin a coenzyme for?
Which vitamin is methylcobalamin a coenzyme for?
Signup and view all the answers
Which function is NOT associated with vitamin B12?
Which function is NOT associated with vitamin B12?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Fat Soluble Vitamins
-
Vitamin A (Retinol): Plays a crucial role in vision, bone growth, reproduction, cell division, and immune system regulation.
- Two forms: Retinol (active) and Carotenoid (inactive)
- Food Sources: Carotenoid: carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, broccoli, pumpkin, squash, mango, cantaloupe. Retinol: liver, butter, cream, cheese, egg yolk.
- Requirements: A well-balanced diet is preferred. Vitamin A values are listed as retinol equivalents (RE). 1 mcg retinol or 6 mcg beta carotene.
-
Vitamin D: Exists in two forms: D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol). D3 is formed in humans. Promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption.
- Food Sources: Oily fish, fortified milk, fish liver oils, egg yolk, butter, fortified margarine.
- Requirements: The IOM recommends 600 IU (15 mcg) for men and women aged 1-70. Supplement is often needed.
-
Vitamin E: An antioxidant carried in blood by lipoproteins. Helps prevent hemolytic anemia in premature infants and enhances immune system function.
- Food Sources: Vegetable oils (corn, soybean, safflower, cottonseed) and related products like margarine, wheat germ, nuts, leafy green vegetables, peanut butter, broccoli, kiwi.
- Requirements: Increase with higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet.
-
Vitamin K: Essential for prothrombin formation (blood clotting). May be given to newborns due to low vitamin K content in human milk.
- Food Sources: Green leafy vegetables (broccoli, cabbage, spinach, kale)
- Requirements: AI of 120 mcg for men and women.
Water Soluble Vitamins
-
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Antioxidant properties, prevents scurvy (gingivitis), important role in collagen formation.
- Food Sources: Citrus fruits, melon, strawberries, tomatoes, red and green peppers, cabbage, broccoli.
Major Minerals (>100mg/day)
- Calcium: Most abundant mineral in the body. Essential for muscle contraction and relaxation, nerve impulses.
- Phosphorus: Part of DNA and RNA, essential for acid-base balance.
- Magnesium: Mostly found in bones, structural and storage functions.
- Sulfur: Component of protein structures.
- Sodium: Major role in fluid regulation, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, blood pressure volume.
- Potassium: Crucial for nerve and muscle function (including the heart).
- Chloride: Component of hydrochloric acid (gastric juice), helps maintain fluid balance.
Trace Minerals
- Iron: Crucial for oxygen transport and cellular energy production. Found in red meat, fish, beans, spinach, and fortified grains.
- Zinc: Essential for immune function, wound healing, taste and smell, and cell growth. Found in oysters, red meat, poultry, beans, nuts, and whole grains.
- Iodine: Essential for thyroid hormone production, which regulates metabolism. Found in seafood, dairy products, iodized salt.
- Selenium: An antioxidant that protects cells from damage. Found in Brazil nuts, tuna, eggs, and whole grains.
- Copper: Essential for iron absorption and red blood cell production. Found in organ meats, nuts, seeds, and legumes.
- Manganese: Essential for bone health, enzyme function, and blood sugar regulation. Found in pineapple, leafy green vegetables, brown rice, nuts, and seeds.
- Chromium: Helps enhance the actions of insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels. Found in brewer's yeast, whole grains, and broccoli.
- Fluoride: Important for strong teeth. Found in fluoridated water, tea, and seafood.
- Molybdenum: Essential for enzyme function. Found in legumes, grains, and leafy green vegetables.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on fat soluble vitamins, including Vitamin A, D, and E. Understand their roles, food sources, and requirements for a healthy diet. This quiz covers essential information for improving your nutritional knowledge.
