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Questions and Answers
What was the name of the political movement that Mussolini started in 1919?
What was the name of the political movement that Mussolini started in 1919?
Fascist Party
What was the nickname of the action squads that patrolled cities attacking opponents of the Fascist party?
What was the nickname of the action squads that patrolled cities attacking opponents of the Fascist party?
Black-shirts
What was the title that Mussolini took?
What was the title that Mussolini took?
Il Duce
The symbol of the Fascist Party was the ______.
The symbol of the Fascist Party was the ______.
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The Fascist Party grew in number from 1000 to 250,000 members between 1919 and 1922.
The Fascist Party grew in number from 1000 to 250,000 members between 1919 and 1922.
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The Fascist Party promoted the idea of a classless society.
The Fascist Party promoted the idea of a classless society.
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What was the name of the right-wing political party that Hitler joined in 1919?
What was the name of the right-wing political party that Hitler joined in 1919?
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What was the name of the book that Hitler wrote while in prison?
What was the name of the book that Hitler wrote while in prison?
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Which of the following was NOT a reason for the economic collapse in Germany according to the Nazis?
Which of the following was NOT a reason for the economic collapse in Germany according to the Nazis?
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What was the nickname of the paramilitary group that Hitler used to disrupt the meetings of his opponents?
What was the nickname of the paramilitary group that Hitler used to disrupt the meetings of his opponents?
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What was the name of the organization that school children were required to join under Nazi rule?
What was the name of the organization that school children were required to join under Nazi rule?
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What was the name of the Nazi Germany's Secret Police?
What was the name of the Nazi Germany's Secret Police?
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What was the name of the laws that were designed by Hitler to deprive Jews of citizenship and rights?
What was the name of the laws that were designed by Hitler to deprive Jews of citizenship and rights?
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What event was known as "The night of the broken glass?"
What event was known as "The night of the broken glass?"
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What was the pretext for the Kristallnacht pogroms?
What was the pretext for the Kristallnacht pogroms?
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The Nazi government banned Jews from schools on November 15, 1938.
The Nazi government banned Jews from schools on November 15, 1938.
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Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates fascism from communism?
Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates fascism from communism?
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What was the name of the elite security force that Hitler established in 1925?
What was the name of the elite security force that Hitler established in 1925?
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Who was the leader of the SS Troops?
Who was the leader of the SS Troops?
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The SS Troops were initially a small unit of 300 men.
The SS Troops were initially a small unit of 300 men.
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The SS Troops were only allowed to marry other members of the SS.
The SS Troops were only allowed to marry other members of the SS.
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Study Notes
Fascism in Europe
- Fascism rose in Italy, Germany, Japan, and Spain.
- Italy was severely impacted by World War 1, experiencing 600,000 deaths and 950,000 injuries, high inflation, food shortages, and riots/strikes.
- Mussolini's rise to power involved his poor beginnings as a school teacher and newspaper editor, his participation in World War 1, and the founding of the Fascist party.
- The Fascist party grew significantly from 1000 members in 1919 to 250,000 in 1922.
- Italy, under fascist rule, suffered from rising inflation and unemployment.
- The king appointed Mussolini as the prime minister to quell the rising fascist power.
- Italy transitioned into a totalitarian state governed by a single ruling party.
- Mussolini assumed the title of "Il Duce" (The Leader) and allied with the Catholic Church.
Hitler's Rise to Power
- Adolf Hitler was born in Austria and later immigrated to Germany.
- Hitler joined the German army during WWI and received two awards for bravery.
- In 1919, Hitler joined a small right-wing political party, the Nazi Party.
- The Nazis blamed the Weimar Republic and various groups (communists, Jews) for Germany's economic collapse.
- The Nazis promised to restore order, prosperity, and national pride.
- Hitler gained power in Germany by using his "Brown Shirts" to disrupt the opposition meetings and rallies.
- The book Mein Kampf, written by Hitler, contains his beliefs and political goals for Germany, defining "Aryans" as a superior race and claiming Germany needed "lebensraum" (living space).
- The Nazi party had 1.4 million members in 1932.
- President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor of Germany in 1933.
- The Reichstag (Parliament) was burned in 1933, and Hitler blamed the communists.
- Hindenburg died in 1934, and Hitler combined the president and chancellor roles, naming himself "Der Führer" (The Leader).
- The Nazis created the SS Troops (security force for Hitler) and the Gestapo (Nazi secret police).
Nuremberg Laws
- The Nuremberg Laws deprived Jews of citizenship rights and other privileges.
- The laws were designed by Adolf Hitler and defined Jews based on ancestry.
- Jewish passports were stamped with a "J" for Jude.
- Marriage between Germans and Jews was prohibited.
- Jews were excluded from medicine and law practices.
Kristallnacht
- Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass") was a period of violence against Jewish people in Germany and Austria.
- The attacks were triggered by the assassination of a German diplomat by a Polish Jew in Paris.
- 1000 synagogues were destroyed, thousands of businesses were damaged, and 30,000 Jews were arrested and 100 Jews were killed.
Comparison of Communism and Fascism
- Communism: Ruled by dictators, only 1 political party, the state is supreme, internationalists, seeks a classless society.
- Fascism/Nazism: Ruled by dictators, only 1 political party, the state is supreme, nationalists, believes in a rigid class structure with one superior class.
SS Troops
- The SS was created by Hitler as a security force in 1925 and served as his bodyguards.
- The SS grew to 250,000 members by 1939 and became a powerful paramilitary force.
- The SS was characterized by stringent requirements for membership, including absolute loyalty to Hitler, racial purity, and only marrying Germans with the consent of superiors.
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Description
Explore the emergence of fascism in Europe, focusing on key figures like Mussolini and Hitler. The quiz covers the socio-political climate in Italy and Germany during the early 20th century, including the effects of World War I that contributed to the rise of totalitarian regimes. Test your knowledge on the critical events and ideologies that shaped this tumultuous period in history.
