Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture
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Questions and Answers

What are the three major groups of factors that determine a farming system?

  • Cultural, Political, Geographical
  • Physical, Biological, Technological
  • Physical, Endogenous human elements, Exogenous human variables (correct)
  • Economic, Environmental, Human

    • Which of the following is not considered part of Factor A in the determinants of farming system?

  • Topography
  • Climate
  • Soil
  • Transportation (correct)

    • What does the term 'cropping pattern' refer to?

  • The type of crops grown in a specific location
  • The yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of crops on a given area (correct)
  • The genetic composition of different crops
  • The method of planting crops in a farm

    • Which practice is characterized by growing two or more dissimilar crops simultaneously?

    <p>Intercropping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feedback mechanism in a farming system?

    <p>Crop yield assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What encompasses the principles of a cropping system?

    <p>The interaction of economics, production, and technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of sequential cropping?

    <p>Growing two or more crops in sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following variables is considered an exogenous human variable in a farming system?

    <p>Transportation facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of mixed intercropping?

    <p>Minimizing the risk of crop failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cropping type allows for independent cultivation while still interacting agronomically?

    <p>Strip intercropping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of relay intercropping?

    <p>Growth cycles of crops overlap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes mono culture?

    <p>Growing only one crop repeatedly on the same land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In modern scientific cropping systems, what is NOT considered one of the three pillars?

    <p>Crop rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cropping pattern' refer to?

    <p>The arrangement of crops in time and space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern with shifting cultivation?

    <p>Soil erosion and deforestation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice involves sowing a crop over an extended time to ensure market supply?

    <p>Staggered planting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the farming system as outlined?

    <p>A complex and interrelated matrix of various components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle focuses on minimizing potential losses in farming?

    <p>Risk minimization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a system approach differ from a traditional farming approach?

    <p>It integrates the interactions of multiple components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the objectives of implementing sustainable agriculture?

    <p>Achieve environmental sustainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic reflects the necessity for active participation in farming decision-making?

    <p>Effective farmer participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an enterprise that may be included in a farming system?

    <p>Dairy farming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does resource recycling play in sustainable agriculture?

    <p>It helps to minimize waste and optimize resource use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a challenge seen in traditional farming that a farming system aims to resolve?

    <p>Environmental degradation and lack of sustainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating crop intensity?

    <p>Gross cropped area x 100 / Net cropped area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a principal limiting factor for adopting multiple cropping?

    <p>Low intensity of irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cropping system was suggested by Dr. S.S. Bains for NW-India?

    <p>Moong-maize-potato-wheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options best describes multistoried cropping?

    <p>Based on the principle of annidation in space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification do draft breeds of cattle belong to?

    <p>Breeds primarily used for pulling heavy loads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is biogas primarily composed?

    <p>Methane (55-60%) and CO₂ (35-45%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a breed of goat native to India?

    <p>Jamunapari</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sheep breeds is native to the Himalayan regions?

    <p>Gurer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended per capita consumption of eggs per year?

    <p>180 eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stocking density for poly fish culture?

    <p>7500 fingerlings/ha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agriculture is characterized by high external inputs?

    <p>HELA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of eutrophication as indicated in the content?

    <p>Increase in BOD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the productivity index (P) formula based on the provided content?

    <p>P = TP / R</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which farming practice emphasizes environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and social responsibility?

    <p>Ecofarming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does canal irrigation have on land as mentioned?

    <p>High groundwater table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coefficient of sustainability (Cs) based on?

    <p>Change in soil property in relation to production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by the Land Use Factor (L) in agricultural productivity?

    <p>The cropping period adjusted by component yield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ratios measures the productivity of intercropping compared to sole cropping?

    <p>Land Equivalent Ratio (LER)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Area Time Equivalent Ratio (ATER) denote in agricultural assessments?

    <p>The time duration of crop occupation relative to the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of greenhouse gases, how many molecules of ozone can one molecule of CFC degrade?

    <p>100,000 molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum area of degraded land mentioned?

    <p>175 million hectares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of agriculture did Robert Rodale start?

    <p>Regenerative agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating Crop Water Use Efficiency (WUE)?

    <p>WUE = 4/EFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of efficiencies mentioned?

    <p>Environmental efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture

    • Farming system is a group of interacting components working together for a common purpose
    • Components' impacts on each other need to be considered
    • System approach focuses on how one component affects others
    • Holistic approach is needed for farming system development (e.g., agriculture)
    • Farming systems involve factors like soil, plants, tools, animals, labor, and capital
    • Farming systems are complex and influenced by various economic, social, and political forces
    • Resource management strategies are used to achieve sustainable production
    • Includes maintaining environmental quality

    Farming System Principles

    • Farm is viewed as a combination of enterprises
    • Enterprises include crops, livestock, poultry, fisheries, etc.
    • Sustainable practices are essential
    • Minimizing risks is a key principle
    • Optimizing resource utilization is crucial
    • Principles of integration of enterprises

    Cropping System Principles

    • Principles of cropping system include interactions among farm resources
    • Cropping pattern arrangement considering national agricultural policies, efficiency, land capability
    • Multiple cropping increases productivity by intensifying both in time and space
    • Sequential, intercropping, and mixed cropping are various approaches to cropping
    • Sequential cropping involves planting crops in sequence, intercropping involves planting different crops together, and mixed cropping involves simultaneous planting of different crops in the same field

    Mixed and Alternative Cropping Systems

    • Mixed cropping involves planting multiple crops in the same field without distinct row arrangements
    • Row intercropping involves planting crops in different row arrangements
    • Strip intercropping involves planting crops in strips of different widths
    • Relay intercropping involves successive planting in a single season
    • Mixed farming involves combining various enterprises on the same farm

    Determinants of Farming Systems

    • Farming systems are determined by biological, physical, and human elements
    • Physical factors include soil, topography, climate, and location
    • Biological factors include crop and livestock physiology
    • Endogenous human factors include family size, education, labor, policies, and capital
    • Exogenous human factors include price, trade, and access to credit

    Sustainable Agriculture

    • Sustainability involves meeting present needs without compromising future generations' needs
    • Eutrophication is an environmental issue in water bodies
    • Principles of sustainable agriculture include ecological, economic, and social dimensions
    • Includes alternative farming (ecofarming, permaculture) and regenerative agriculture
    • Sustainability is quantified using indices
    • Indicators such as total factor productivity and resource use are considered

    Farming System and Productivity

    • Land equivalent ratio (LER) is a measure of efficiency gain from intercropping
    • Area time equivalent ratio (ATER) accounts for the duration of crop growth

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    Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture PDF

    Description

    Explore the principles of farming systems and their impact on sustainable agriculture. This quiz covers the interactions between various components such as crops, livestock, and economic factors that influence farming practices. Test your understanding of holistic and resource management strategies essential for sustainable production.

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