Farmacología y Farmacogenética de la Diabetes

Diabetes Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics

• Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, caused by defects in insulin secretion or action.
• Types of DM include Type 1 (DM1), Type 2 (DM2), gestational, and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA).
• Type 1 DM is primarily characterized by a sudden onset before age 30, typically in individuals with a lean body type, and often requires insulin treatment. It has observed strong genetic predisposition or coincidences in identical twins (around 40-50%).
• Type 2 DM typically develops gradually after age 40 and usually in overweight or obese individuals. Often, insulin therapy is not needed in the initial stages. It shows a strong genetic predisposition and has a significant prevalence observed in identical twins.
• Gestational DM occurs during pregnancy and resolves after childbirth.
• LADA is an autoimmune form of diabetes, often mistaken for Type 2 DM; it typically emerges between the ages of 30-50.

Epidemiology of Diabetes

• Global prevalence of diabetes in adults (20-79 years) in 2021 is substantial, with different regions exhibiting variations in rates.
• The highest rates of diabetes are found in certain parts of Europe and other specific regions around the world.
• Globally, millions of adults live with undiagnosed diabetes.
• Diabetes-related expenditure in the European region is significant.
• A large number of deaths were attributed to diabetes in 2021