Diabetes Pharmacology and Insulin Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of diabetes accounts for 10% of cases?

Gestational diabetes

Diabetes insipidus

Type 2 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (correct)

What is the role of beta cells in the pancreas?

Carry nutrients

Regulate blood glucose

Secrete insulin (correct)

Secrete glucagon

What is the criteria for diagnosing diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association?

Both A1c > 6.5% and Fasting Glucose > 126 mg/dL (correct)

Fasting Glucose > 126 mg/dL

A1c > 6.5%

Neither A1c > 6.5% nor Fasting Glucose > 126 mg/dL

Which type of diabetes always requires insulin?

Type 1 Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insulin formulation is appropriate for acute management of conditions like DKA and HHS?

Short-acting insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insulin has the longest duration of action?

Long-acting insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of hypoglycemia?

Blood glucose < 70 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

Match the following key players in diabetes with their primary roles:

Pancreas = Produces insulin Fat Cells = Hormonally active, may cause insulin resistance Red Blood Cells = Carry nutrients, contain potassium Tissue = One of the target sites of glucose Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of diabetes with their corresponding percentage of cases:

Type 1 = 10% Type 2 = 90% Signup and view all the answers

Match the following criteria for diagnosing diabetes with their corresponding definitions:

A1c = Average glucose for the past 2-3 months Fasting Glucose = Glucose level after not eating or drinking for 8 hours Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of insulin with their correct descriptions:

Rapid Acting Insulin = Onset: 15 minutes or less, Duration: 4-8 hours Short Acting Insulin = Can be given IV, Onset: 30 min - 1 hr, Peak: 2-3 hours, Duration: 5-7 hours Intermediate Acting Insulin = Cloudy appearance is normal, Onset: 1hr - 1.5 hour, Peak: 8-12 hours, Duration: 18-24 hours Long-Acting Insulin = No peak, Onset: 1 hour, Duration: up to 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with the correct type of diabetes:

Polyphagia, Polyuria, Polydipsia = Type 2 Diabetes Always need insulin = Type 1 Diabetes Initially feel fine = Type 2 Diabetes Patients may report no symptoms initially = Type 2 Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following blood glucose levels with their corresponding conditions:

Blood glucose > 200 mg/dL (2 hr after administering sugary drink) = OGTT (2hr test) Blood glucose < 70 mg/dL = Hypoglycemia Blood glucose < 70 mg/dL, patient becomes altered = Life-threatening hypoglycemia Blood glucose > 200 mg/dL, after meals = Post-prandial hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

Insulin = Hormone released by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels Insulin Resistance = Condition where body becomes less responsive to circulating insulin Hyperglycemia = High blood glucose level Metabolic Syndrome = One of the major risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Diabetes insipidus is a type of diabetes mellitus.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Oral drugs are currently approved to treat type 1 diabetes.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes may initially report no symptoms.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Insulin is always needed in Type 1 Diabetes.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Rapid-acting insulin has an onset of 15 minutes or less.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Type 1 Diabetes?

It is caused by dysfunctional beta cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pancreas in regulating blood glucose?

Secreting insulin to lower blood glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the criteria for diagnosing diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes is characterized by the pancreas releasing insulin throughout the day at a controlled amount and sharply increasing insulin release after meals?

Type 1 Diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms are consistent with Type 2 Diabetes?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which type of insulin formulation is appropriate for acute management of conditions like Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)?

Short-acting insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of hypoglycemia?

Blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diabetes Overview

Type 1 Diabetes: 10% of cases, autoimmune, and insulin-dependent
Type 2 Diabetes: 90% of cases, insulin resistance
Diabetes criteria: A1c > or = 6.5%, Fasting Glucose > 126 mg/dL, or OGTT > 200 mg/dL (2 hours after sugary drink)

Insulin Therapy

Always needed in Type 1 Diabetes
Sometimes needed in Type 2 Diabetes (up to 1/3 of the time)
Insulin therapy aims to mimic normal pancreatic function: basal dose in the morning and pre-meal bolus dose to offset post-prandial blood glucose rises

Insulin Types

Rapid-Acting Insulin: Aspart (NovoLOG), Lispro (HumaLOG), Glulisine (Apidra)
- Onset: 15 minutes or less
- Duration: 4-8 hours
- Used for post-prandial hyperglycemia
Short-Acting Insulin (Regular Insulin)
- Onset: 30 minutes - 1 hour
- Duration: 5-7 hours
- Can be given IV for acute management of DKA, HHS, and acute hyperkalemia
Intermediate-Acting Insulin (NPH)
- Onset: 1-1.5 hours
- Peak: 8-12 hours
- Duration: 18-24 hours
Long-Acting Insulin (Glargine, Detemir)
- Onset: 1 hour
- Duration: up to 24 hours
- Used for basal dosing

Hypoglycemia

Defined as blood glucose < 70 mg/dL
Can occur with rapid correction of blood glucose
Symptoms: altered mental status, agitation
Treatment: rapidly absorbed carbohydrates, glucose products, or glucagon (if unconscious)

Other Key Points

Pancreas produces insulin and glucagon
Fat cells can contribute to insulin resistance
Red blood cells carry nutrients and potassium
Liver and kidneys play a role in pharmacokinetics and gluconeogenesis/lysis

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Description

Test your knowledge on diabetes pharmacology and insulin with this quiz! Learn about the different types of diabetes and their treatments as explained by Dr. Francisco J Ayala. Discover the important distinctions between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Get ready to deepen your understanding of diabetes management.

Diabetes Pharmacology and Insulin Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of diabetes accounts for 10% of cases?

What is the role of beta cells in the pancreas?

What is the criteria for diagnosing diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association?

Which type of diabetes always requires insulin?

Which type of insulin formulation is appropriate for acute management of conditions like DKA and HHS?

Which type of insulin has the longest duration of action?

What is the definition of hypoglycemia?

Match the following key players in diabetes with their primary roles:

Match the following types of diabetes with their corresponding percentage of cases:

Match the following criteria for diagnosing diabetes with their corresponding definitions:

Match the following types of insulin with their correct descriptions:

Match the following symptoms with the correct type of diabetes:

Match the following blood glucose levels with their corresponding conditions:

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

True or false: Diabetes insipidus is a type of diabetes mellitus.

True or false: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance.

True or false: Oral drugs are currently approved to treat type 1 diabetes.

True or false: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes may initially report no symptoms.

True or false: Insulin is always needed in Type 1 Diabetes.

True or false: Rapid-acting insulin has an onset of 15 minutes or less.

True or false: Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL.

Which of the following is true about Type 1 Diabetes?

What is the primary role of the pancreas in regulating blood glucose?

What is the criteria for diagnosing diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association?

Which type of diabetes is characterized by the pancreas releasing insulin throughout the day at a controlled amount and sharply increasing insulin release after meals?

Which of the following symptoms are consistent with Type 2 Diabetes?

Which type of insulin formulation is appropriate for acute management of conditions like Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)?

What is the definition of hypoglycemia?

Study Notes

Diabetes Overview

Insulin Therapy

Insulin Types

Hypoglycemia

Other Key Points

Studying That Suits You

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