Diabetes Pharmacology and Insulin Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of diabetes accounts for 10% of cases?

  • Gestational diabetes
  • Diabetes insipidus
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Type 1 diabetes (correct)

    • What is the role of beta cells in the pancreas?

  • Carry nutrients
  • Regulate blood glucose
  • Secrete insulin (correct)
  • Secrete glucagon

    • What is the criteria for diagnosing diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association?

  • Both A1c > 6.5% and Fasting Glucose > 126 mg/dL (correct)
  • Fasting Glucose > 126 mg/dL
  • A1c > 6.5%
  • Neither A1c > 6.5% nor Fasting Glucose > 126 mg/dL

    • Which type of diabetes always requires insulin?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin formulation is appropriate for acute management of conditions like DKA and HHS?

    <p>Short-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin has the longest duration of action?

    <p>Long-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of hypoglycemia?

    <p>Blood glucose &lt; 70 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following key players in diabetes with their primary roles:

    <p>Pancreas = Produces insulin Fat Cells = Hormonally active, may cause insulin resistance Red Blood Cells = Carry nutrients, contain potassium Tissue = One of the target sites of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of diabetes with their corresponding percentage of cases:

    <p>Type 1 = 10% Type 2 = 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following criteria for diagnosing diabetes with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>A1c = Average glucose for the past 2-3 months Fasting Glucose = Glucose level after not eating or drinking for 8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of insulin with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Rapid Acting Insulin = Onset: 15 minutes or less, Duration: 4-8 hours Short Acting Insulin = Can be given IV, Onset: 30 min - 1 hr, Peak: 2-3 hours, Duration: 5-7 hours Intermediate Acting Insulin = Cloudy appearance is normal, Onset: 1hr - 1.5 hour, Peak: 8-12 hours, Duration: 18-24 hours Long-Acting Insulin = No peak, Onset: 1 hour, Duration: up to 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms with the correct type of diabetes:

    <p>Polyphagia, Polyuria, Polydipsia = Type 2 Diabetes Always need insulin = Type 1 Diabetes Initially feel fine = Type 2 Diabetes Patients may report no symptoms initially = Type 2 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following blood glucose levels with their corresponding conditions:

    <p>Blood glucose &gt; 200 mg/dL (2 hr after administering sugary drink) = OGTT (2hr test) Blood glucose &lt; 70 mg/dL = Hypoglycemia Blood glucose &lt; 70 mg/dL, patient becomes altered = Life-threatening hypoglycemia Blood glucose &gt; 200 mg/dL, after meals = Post-prandial hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Insulin = Hormone released by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels Insulin Resistance = Condition where body becomes less responsive to circulating insulin Hyperglycemia = High blood glucose level Metabolic Syndrome = One of the major risk factors for Type 2 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Diabetes insipidus is a type of diabetes mellitus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Oral drugs are currently approved to treat type 1 diabetes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes may initially report no symptoms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Insulin is always needed in Type 1 Diabetes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Rapid-acting insulin has an onset of 15 minutes or less.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>It is caused by dysfunctional beta cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the pancreas in regulating blood glucose?

    <p>Secreting insulin to lower blood glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criteria for diagnosing diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetes is characterized by the pancreas releasing insulin throughout the day at a controlled amount and sharply increasing insulin release after meals?

    <p>Type 1 Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms are consistent with Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of insulin formulation is appropriate for acute management of conditions like Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)?

    <p>Short-acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of hypoglycemia?

    <p>Blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diabetes Overview

    • Type 1 Diabetes: 10% of cases, autoimmune, and insulin-dependent
    • Type 2 Diabetes: 90% of cases, insulin resistance
    • Diabetes criteria: A1c > or = 6.5%, Fasting Glucose > 126 mg/dL, or OGTT > 200 mg/dL (2 hours after sugary drink)

    Insulin Therapy

    • Always needed in Type 1 Diabetes
    • Sometimes needed in Type 2 Diabetes (up to 1/3 of the time)
    • Insulin therapy aims to mimic normal pancreatic function: basal dose in the morning and pre-meal bolus dose to offset post-prandial blood glucose rises

    Insulin Types

    • Rapid-Acting Insulin: Aspart (NovoLOG), Lispro (HumaLOG), Glulisine (Apidra)
      • Onset: 15 minutes or less
      • Duration: 4-8 hours
      • Used for post-prandial hyperglycemia
    • Short-Acting Insulin (Regular Insulin)
      • Onset: 30 minutes - 1 hour
      • Duration: 5-7 hours
      • Can be given IV for acute management of DKA, HHS, and acute hyperkalemia
    • Intermediate-Acting Insulin (NPH)
      • Onset: 1-1.5 hours
      • Peak: 8-12 hours
      • Duration: 18-24 hours
    • Long-Acting Insulin (Glargine, Detemir)
      • Onset: 1 hour
      • Duration: up to 24 hours
      • Used for basal dosing

    Hypoglycemia

    • Defined as blood glucose < 70 mg/dL
    • Can occur with rapid correction of blood glucose
    • Symptoms: altered mental status, agitation
    • Treatment: rapidly absorbed carbohydrates, glucose products, or glucagon (if unconscious)

    Other Key Points

    • Pancreas produces insulin and glucagon
    • Fat cells can contribute to insulin resistance
    • Red blood cells carry nutrients and potassium
    • Liver and kidneys play a role in pharmacokinetics and gluconeogenesis/lysis

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    Related Documents

    Part 1 DM Lecture Slides.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge on diabetes pharmacology and insulin with this quiz! Learn about the different types of diabetes and their treatments as explained by Dr. Francisco J Ayala. Discover the important distinctions between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Get ready to deepen your understanding of diabetes management.

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