Fall Final Exam Study Aid 2024

A particular viewpoint or way of seeing things, influenced by one's background, experiences, and beliefs. It determines how we understand historical events.

A firsthand account or original document created during the historical period being studied. Examples include letters, diaries, photographs, artifacts.

A document or text that analyzes or interprets primary sources. Examples include textbooks, articles, biographies.

A framework for analyzing historical sources: Historical Context, Intended Audience, Purpose, Point of View, and Outside Information.

The exchange of goods and services, essential for economic growth and cultural exchange.

The blending of different cultural beliefs and practices to create something new and unique.

The total value of goods and services produced within a country in a specific time period, a key indicator of economic health.

An ancient trade route connecting East and West across Central Asia, facilitating cultural exchange and economic growth.

Islam emerged in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century CE, spreading rapidly through trade and military conquest, impacting the Middle East and beyond.

A tax levied on non-Muslims living in Islamic territories for 'protection', offering them legal and religious freedom but acknowledging their subordinate status.

We study history to understand our development as a people. It helps us learn from past mistakes to avoid repeating them.

Perspective shapes our interpretation of events. It provides different viewpoints leading to different ways of studying history.

Primary sources provide firsthand accounts of events. They offer direct insights into the past.

Secondary sources provide interpretations and analyses based on primary sources. They offer broader contexts and viewpoints.

Factors contributing to Islam's rise include trade, social structure, religious appeal, conquest, and continuous trade for centuries.

Islam spread through trade, conquest, and missionary work, reaching diverse regions in the world.

Islam integrated local customs and practices as it spread, creating variations in its expression.

Islam facilitated cultural exchange. It emerged from diverse influences and, in turn, enriched the cultures it spread to.

A region where a foreign country exerts significant power and influence, despite not having formal authority.

A system where a powerful nation limits the autonomy of another nation, claiming to act in its best interests.

The period of British rule over India from 1858 to 1947.

Japan's rapid modernization and industrialization in the late 19th century, marked by economic growth and military expansion.

A period of significant technological advancements and economic growth, primarily focused on manufacturing and machinery.

Factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution include access to natural resources, agricultural improvements, population growth, technological innovation, and expanding trade.

Industrialization led to societal changes like the rise of classes and urbanization, cultural shifts like materialism, economic growth with capitalism, and daily life alterations with factory work.

Industrialization resulted in the growth of factories and the need for workers, leading to mass migration to cities and the creation of the working class.

An economic system where private individuals own and control the means of production, aiming for profit. This system often fuels imperialism due to its pursuit of resources and markets.

A socio-economic theory that criticizes capitalism's inequality, advocating for a classless society without private property ownership. It emphasizes "labor productivity" where workers should control their own labor, not sell it to employers.

An economic system where major industries are owned and controlled by the workers rather than private businesses.

The expansion of an empire's power and influence, often through conquest, colonization, and the exploitation of resources.

An earlier period of imperialism focused on acquiring resources (gold, silver, cotton, tobacco) and expanding territories through conquest. This era often included the expansion of ideas like navigation and printing.

A later period of imperialism (1870-1930) driven by factors like trade, industrialization, and the desire for new markets. It involved the colonization of Africa and Asia by European powers.

A pseudo-scientific idea that claimed European superiority as justification for imperialism. It used survival-of-the-fittest principles to explain the dominance of certain nations.

The intense competition among European powers during the late 19th century to colonize and exploit Africa's resources. This period involved the Berlin Conference of 1884, where European powers carved up Africa without considering African perspectives.

A comprehensive legal code established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804, replacing feudal laws and standardizing French law. It emphasized equality before the law, religious tolerance, and individual property rights.

A military organizational structure introduced by Napoleon, where the army was divided into self-sufficient units called 'corps.' This increased mobility, efficiency, and adaptability on the battlefield.

A blockade imposed by Napoleon on Britain, aiming to cripple its economy by preventing trade with continental Europe. It aimed to weaken Britain through isolation and economic hardship.

A conference of European powers held in 1814-1815, aimed at restoring order and stability to Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. It re-drew borders, re-established monarchies, and attempted to prevent future conflicts.

A successful slave revolt in Saint-Domingue (Haiti) from 1791 to 1804, leading to the abolishment of slavery and the establishment of the first independent Black republic.

A former slave who emerged as a brilliant military leader during the Haitian Revolution, leading the struggle against French colonial rule and securing Haiti's freedom.

A series of uprisings across Europe, driven by demands for national self-determination, liberal reforms, and economic justice. They challenged existing political and social structures, leading to changes in government and the spread of democratic ideals.

A period in the 19th century marked by a surge of new ideologies and social movements responding to the challenges brought about by industrialization and the French Revolution.

Nationalism was a driving force behind independence movements and political reforms, as people sought to unify under shared cultural and national identities.

The growth of industries and urbanization exposed inequalities, fueling the rise of socialism, which advocated for workers' rights and a fairer distribution of wealth.

Feminism faced limited support initially, as women lacked the same rights and opportunities as men.

The shift of people from rural areas to cities due to industrialization led to crowded, unhealthy living conditions and exploited workers.