Factors Influencing Periodontal Disease

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Questions and Answers

What type of relationship exists between diabetes and periodontal disease?

  • No significant relationship
  • A reciprocal relationship (correct)
  • A one-way relationship
  • A linear relationship

Which condition has been associated with increased risk of periodontal disease during pregnancy?

  • Hypertension
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy complications (correct)
  • Diabetes

Which group is specifically discussed regarding periodontal health in the context of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use?

  • Postmenopausal women
  • U.S. females aged 15 to 44 (correct)
  • Women with diabetes
  • Teenage girls

Which viral infection is mentioned in connection with periodontal disease?

<p>HIV (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary health concerns related to periodontal disease in the context of diabetes?

<p>Tooth loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-microbial factor that may contribute to periodontal disease?

<p>Genetic factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systemic conditions is known to modify the host response to periodontal pathogens?

<p>Diabetes Mellitus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might hormonal changes contribute to periodontal disease?

<p>They can alter the composition of saliva. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is considered a modifiable factor in relation to periodontal disease?

<p>Smoking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stress is known to potentially amplify which aspect of periodontal disease?

<p>Gum tissue inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could be an example of a systemic disorder that impacts periodontal disease?

<p>Osteoporosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications has the potential to affect periodontal health?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of response does stress typically induce that may affect periodontal health?

<p>Increased inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of people have diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes?

<p>10% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major oral implication of poorly controlled diabetes?

<p>Gum disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a key risk factor associated with diabetes?

<p>Inadequate dental hygiene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reference is provided for diabetes-related data?

<p>Public Health England (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health can diabetes control influence according to the content?

<p>Oral health (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a medical emergency associated with diabetes?

<p>Severe hypoglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which publication discusses the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease?

<p>British Dental Journal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be considered a motivational factor in managing diabetes?

<p>Control of oral health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of poor control of diabetes in patients?

<p>Reduced wound healing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of immune disorder mentioned?

<p>Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor that can lead to differential diagnosis of immune disorders?

<p>Stress and immuno-suppression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk is associated with having diabetes and not maintaining good oral hygiene?

<p>Higher risks of oral infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with diabetes as an immune disorder?

<p>Diabetes associated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors may not influence osteoporosis risk?

<p>Height (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym MECC stand for in the context of health?

<p>Making Every Contact Count (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders is specifically known as HIV associated?

<p>DIGO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of monitoring and coaching in health aim to achieve?

<p>Sustained behavioral changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not listed as part of the communication/education process in health?

<p>Detrimental feedback (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is not mentioned in relation to immune disorders?

<p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is crucial when delivering support in health according to the content?

<p>Communication and education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with hormonal changes affecting periodontal health?

<p>Sedentary Lifestyle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the inflammation related to pregnancy that can affect periodontal health?

<p>Pregnancy gingivitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is linked to the management of periodontal health in women of reproductive age?

<p>Progesterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common consequence of hormonal changes during puberty?

<p>Increased plaque accumulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease during pregnancy?

<p>Hormonal fluctuations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic group is specifically addressed in relation to depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use and periodontal health?

<p>Females aged 15-44 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common oral condition is associated with HIV infection?

<p>Periodontal disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which life stage is hormone replacement therapy (HRT) mainly utilized?

<p>Menopause (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in managing periodontal outcomes during pregnancy?

<p>Addressing inflammatory mediators (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential complication related to periodontal disease during pregnancy?

<p>Low birth weight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Non-microbial factors in periodontal disease

Factors, other than microorganisms, that increase the risk or severity of periodontal disease. These factors affect the host's response to the bacteria.

Systemic diseases affecting periodontal health

Conditions outside the mouth that influence the body's response to periodontal bacteria. These include diabetes, HIV and stress.

Host response modification

Changes in how the body's immune system fights periodontal bacteria, influenced by non-microbial factors like systemic diseases.

Modifiable risk factors

Risk factors that can be changed or controlled, such as smoking and stress.

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Non-modifiable risk factors

Risk factors that cannot be changed, such as genetics and sex.

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Diabetes Mellitus

A metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar regulation.

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Smoking

A modifiable risk factor leading to increased periodontal disease susceptibility.

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Stress

A condition influencing how the body reacts to periodontal bacteria.

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Diabetes Prevalence

The rate of diabetes, including both diagnosed and undiagnosed cases.

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Diagnosed Diabetes

Diabetes cases where the condition has been identified and confirmed by a medical professional.

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Undiagnosed Diabetes

Diabetes cases where the condition hasn't been identified or confirmed by a medical professional.

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Oral Implications of Diabetes

The impact of diabetes on the mouth and teeth.

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Diabetes Control

Managing blood sugar levels within a healthy range.

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Poor Diabetes Control

Unstable blood sugar levels, often exceeding the healthy range.

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Medical Emergencies (Diabetes)

Risks of serious health issues for people with uncontrolled diabetes.

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Diabetes & Oral Cavity

The connection between diabetes and problems in the mouth.

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Diabetes & Periodontal Disease

Diabetes has a significant effect on gum health.

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Dental Professional Role

Dental professionals must be aware of diabetes' impact on the mouth.

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Hormones & Pregnancy

Hormonal changes during pregnancy affect various bodily functions and potentially outcomes.

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Sex Hormones

Hormones associated with development, function and reproduction linked to puberty/contraception/menopause.

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Puberty

The period of sexual maturation marked by hormonal changes.

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Contraception

Methods for preventing pregnancy.

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Menopause

Time of life when menstrual periods cease

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HRT

Hormone Replacement Therapy

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Periodontal Disease

Inflammation of tissues surrounding teeth.

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Pregnancy Complications

Adverse outcomes associated with pregnancy.

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Hormones & Hard Tissues

Hormones impact hard tissues in the mouth (teeth and jawbones).

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Appointment Management

Planning and oversight of medical appointments, particularly during pregnancy and related complications.

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Diabetes and Periodontal Disease

Diabetes can worsen periodontal disease, and vice-versa. The body's response to bacteria causing gum disease is affected by diabetes.

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Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy

Periodontal disease in pregnant women may lead to complications during pregnancy.

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HIV and Periodontal Disease

HIV infection can increase the risk and severity of periodontal disease.

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Medroxyprogesterone and Periodontal Health

Studies have explored the relationship between a particular type of birth control and periodontal health in young women.

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Systemic Disease and Periodontal Health

Conditions outside the mouth, such as diabetes or HIV, can impact how the body responds to gum disease-causing bacteria.

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Immune Disorders

Conditions affecting the body's immune system, leading to various problems.

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Leucocyte adhesion deficiency

A genetic disorder affecting the ability of white blood cells to stick together.

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Diabetes associated

How diabetes might impact the immune system.

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HIV Associated

How HIV impacts the immune system.

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Differential diagnosis

Distinguishing between various diseases with similar symptoms.

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Immuno-suppression

Weakening of the immune response to a disease.

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Osteoporosis

Weakening of bones.

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Hyperlipidaemia

High levels of lipids in the blood.

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Making Every Contact Count

A strategy for healthcare to make a positive impact.

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Recommended Reading

Suggested books or articles for further research or learning on the subject of health and wellbeing.

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Study Notes

Intended Learning Outcomes

  • By the end of the session, students should be able to define a non-microbial factor related to periodontal disease.
  • Students should be able to name several systemic diseases/conditions that modify the host response to periodontal pathogens.
  • Students should be able to give brief explanations of why these factors contribute to periodontal disease or disorders.

Videos

  • https://youtu.be/bHMTgMKPFG8
  • https://youtu.be/RhrLOVN5_8E
  • https://youtu.be/br-iMGi6fYI

Useful Websites

  • https://www.efp.org/gum-disease-general-health/perio-diabetes/
  • https://www.efp.org/gum-disease-general-health/oral-health-pregnancy/

Non-microbial Factors

  • Genetic factors
  • Systemic disorders
  • Sex hormones
  • Smoking
  • Medications
  • Stress

Sheilman and Watt 2000

  • Diet
  • Stress
  • Control
  • Hygiene
  • Obesity
  • Cancers
  • Heart disease
  • Respiratory disease
  • Dental caries
  • Periodontal disease
  • Trauma
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Exercise
  • Injury

Bidirectional Factors

  • Stress
  • Down Syndrome (06)
  • Diabetes Mellitus (01)
  • Pregnancy (02)
  • Leukemias/Neutropenia (01)
  • Osteoporosis (04)
  • HIV/AIDS (03)

Diabetes Prevalence

  • Out of 100 people, 8.5 have diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes.
  • Data from PHE (Public Health England)
  • https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/diabetes-ft/data

Pregnancy & Hormone Factors

  • Medical emergencies risk
  • Poor control of diabetes
  • Control of oral and general health
  • Predicting risk now and in the future

Sex Hormones

  • Puberty
  • Contraception
  • Pregnancy
  • Menopause
  • HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy)

Immune Disorders

  • Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)
  • Diabetes associated
  • HIV associated

Stress

  • Clenching
  • Diet
  • Immuno-suppression
  • Motivation

Osteoporosis & Hyperlipidaemia

  • Age
  • Gender
  • Diet

In both oral and general health

  • Detection
  • Assessing
  • Communication/Education
  • Motivation & Coaching
  • Delivery
  • Re-assessment
  • Support
  • Monitor

Supporting Material

  • Delivering better oral health: an evidence-based toolkit for prevention
  • Making Every Contact Count (MECC)
  • Casanova, L., Hughes, F., & Preshaw, P. (2014). Diabetes and periodontal disease: a two-way relationship. Br Dent J, 217, 433–437. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.907
  • Bobetsis YA, Barros SP, Offenbacher S. Exploring the relationship between periodontal disease and pregnancy complications. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Oct;137 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0403
  • Winkler JR, Robertson PB. Periodontal disease associated with HIV infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992 Feb;73(2):145-50. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(92)90186-t. PMID: 1532235.
  • Taichman LS, Sohn W, Kolenic G, Sowers M. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use and periodontal health in 15- to 44-year-old U.S. females. J Periodontal. 2012;83:1008-1017.

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