Non-microbial factors in Periodontal Disease medium

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Questions and Answers

In terms of safety, which trimester is considered safest for administering local anesthesia during pregnancy?

  • All trimesters equally
  • Second trimester (correct)
  • Third trimester (correct)
  • First trimester

What effect does the immune response have during pregnancy according to the content?

  • It decreases the body's ability to manage infections. (correct)
  • It enhances the inflammatory response. (correct)
  • It leads to increased recall of past infections.
  • It remains unchanged.

What demographic was the focus of the study regarding depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use and periodontal health?

  • Females aged 15 to 44 (correct)
  • Elderly males above 65
  • Males aged 15 to 44
  • Children under 15

What is a potential complication associated with periodontal disease mentioned in relation to HIV infection?

<p>Compromised oral health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormonal stages has implications for periodontal health?

<p>All mentioned stages: puberty, contraception, pregnancy, and menopause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one consequence of diabetes in relation to dental health?

<p>Increased caries and periodontal risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gestational diabetes?

<p>Diabetes that develops during pregnancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone-related factor is linked to an increased risk of periodontal disease?

<p>Hormonal changes during pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it essential to communicate with a GP or dietitian regarding diabetes?

<p>At any stage of diabetes to manage health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of hormonal changes on dental health during life stages?

<p>Can affect periodontal health during various life stages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant problem does diabetes cause in the endocrine system?

<p>It prevents efficient processing of blood sugar. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is associated with a high sugar diet in individuals with diabetes?

<p>Increased risk for dental caries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common oral implication of poorly controlled diabetes?

<p>Delayed healing of oral tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines poor control in diabetes management?

<p>Consistently elevated blood sugar levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the link between diabetes and periodontal disease?

<p>There is a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT a risk when managing appointments for diabetic patients?

<p>Scheduling only morning appointments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might increase the risk of medical emergencies in diabetic patients?

<p>Improper management of diabetes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does diabetes affect the healing process in the body?

<p>It delays the healing response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to the increased prevalence of bisphosphonate use in younger patients?

<p>Hormonal aspects in females (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of hyperlipidaemia?

<p>Narrowing of blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary complication associated with Leucocyte Adhesion Deficiency (LAD)?

<p>Shortened lifespan due to immune system deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common cause of immunosuppression in patients?

<p>Long term use of steroids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT commonly associated with the assessment and re-assessment in oral health?

<p>Visual inspection only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the MECC initiative aim to achieve?

<p>Promote behavior change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers an increase in cortisol as part of the immune response?

<p>Stress events (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes diabetes associated immune dysfunction?

<p>Altered immune responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease?

<p>Periodontal disease can worsen diabetes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do periodontal pathogens play in cardiovascular health?

<p>They contribute to plaque formation in blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically categorized under immune disorders?

<p>Osteoporosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an important aspect to consider when delivering oral health care?

<p>Providing continuous support and monitoring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inability of leukocytes to migrate effectively primarily results in which of the following problems?

<p>Increased risk of infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO)?

<p>Inflammation of the gums (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant dietary factor affecting bisphosphonate users?

<p>Calcium dependency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is suggested to significantly influence the immune response in patients?

<p>Having a sedentary lifestyle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a non-microbial factor influencing periodontal disease?

<p>Genetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which systemic condition is known to modify the host response to periodontal pathogens?

<p>Diabetes Mellitus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does stress play in relation to periodontal disease?

<p>It can amplify the host response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is noted for higher rates of progression in females concerning periodontal disease?

<p>Stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a non-microbial factor linked to periodontal disease?

<p>Caries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of relationships exist among non-microbial factors influencing periodontal disease?

<p>Directional or multidirectional relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors can lead to drug-induced gingival overgrowth?

<p>Medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is often exacerbated by poor nutrition in the context of periodontal disease?

<p>HIV/AIDS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can potentially impact the immune system related to periodontal health?

<p>Stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does family history contribute to the risk of developing periodontal disease?

<p>It can indicate a genetic predisposition. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Non-microbial factors in periodontal disease

Factors other than bacteria that contribute to periodontal disease, influencing the host response to infection.

Systemic diseases and periodontal disease

Certain systemic conditions (like diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and pregnancy) can alter the immune response, making individuals more susceptible to periodontal disease.

Stress and periodontal disease

Stress can influence the host response, potentially worsening periodontal disease, although it isn't a directly diagnostic risk factor itself.

Genetic factors and periodontal disease

Genetic predispositions can influence susceptibility and severity of periodontal diseases, impacting the body's immune response.

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Sex and periodontal disease

Variations in periodontal disease progression have been observed among sexes. This doesn't mean sex is a diagnostic risk factor.

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Medications and periodontal health

Certain medications can induce gingival overgrowth or impact the immune system, leading to higher risk of periodontal disease.

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Diabetes Mellitus and periodontal disease

Diabetes weakens the immune system's ability to fight infection, making individuals more susceptible to periodontal disease.

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Pregnancy and periodontal health

Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy can influence the body's response to periodontal pathogens, making some women more susceptible.

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Risk factors in periodontal disease

Factors affecting the condition, some modifiable and some not

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Quantifying risk factors

Assessing and measuring the impact of risk factors on an individual's condition.

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Diabetes

An endocrine system disorder where the body struggles to regulate blood sugar levels.

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Blood Sugar Levels

The amount of glucose circulating in the blood.

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Endocrine System

The hormonal system that controls various bodily functions, including blood sugar.

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Diabetes Prevalence

The percentage of people in a population with diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes.

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Oral Implications of Diabetes

Diabetes can negatively affect oral health leading to issues like delayed wound healing and increased risk of oral sores.

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High Sugar Diet

A diet with a high proportion of sugary foods, potentially increasing diabetes and caries risk.

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Diabetes Control

Management of blood sugar levels within a healthy range.

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Poor Diabetes Control

Inability to maintain healthy blood sugar levels, creating increased medical emergency and oral risks.

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Diabetes & Periodontal Risk

Diabetes affects inflammatory responses, increasing gum disease risk and slowing healing.

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Pregnancy & Hormones

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can impact gum health; risk of complications like gingivitis.

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Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes that develops during pregnancy.

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Sex & Hormone-Linked Risks

Hormonal differences between sexes may lead to variations in periodontal disease progression.

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Pregnancy & Periodontal Disease

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can influence the body's response to gum disease causing pathogens, potentially increasing the risk.

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Adverse pregnancy outcomes

Negative consequences that may arise during pregnancy, potentially impacting the mother and/or baby.

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Hormonal influence on periodontitis

Changes in hormone levels can affect the body's response to periodontal pathogens, potentially impacting the immune system.

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Periodontal disease and HIV

HIV infection can weaken the immune system, increasing the risk and severity of periodontal disease.

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Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use and periodontal health

Use of this contraceptive can influence periodontal health in young women.

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2nd or 3rd trimester LA safest

Local anesthetic (LA) use is generally considered safer in the second or third trimester of pregnancy compared to other periods.

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Immunosuppressed patients

Individuals with weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections and diseases.

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Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)

A genetic disorder affecting the ability of white blood cells to reach infection sites.

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HIV associated immune disorders

Immune system problems linked to HIV infection, damaging B and T cells.

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Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO)

Gum swelling caused by specific medications.

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High Blood Pressure

Elevated blood pressure, a significant health concern.

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Stress-induced immunosuppression

Stress triggers a decrease in the immune response, making the body less able to fight off infections.

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Osteoporosis

Bone disease characterized by decreased bone density.

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Long-term steroid use

Prolonged steroid use can impact the immune response.

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Bisphosphonates and Gender

Bisphosphonate use, especially intravenously, is more common in females and is associated with higher risks, particularly in duration and frequency of treatment.

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Hyperlipidaemia

High cholesterol and lipids in the blood, contributing to blood vessel narrowing, impacting host response, and linked to periodontal pathogens.

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MECC

Making Every Contact Count—influencing behavior change through oral health contacts.

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Oral and General Health Detection

Assessing the current state of both general and oral health.

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Diabetes and Periodontal Disease

Relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is a two-way influence.

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Periodontal Disease & Pregnancy

Exploring pregnancy complications and periodontal health connections.

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New Knowledge and Empowerment

Considering the role of new insights and patient empowerment in health decisions.

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Risk Factor Influence

Impact of factors on periodontal disease and potential for behavior change.

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Study Notes

Intended Learning Outcomes

  • By the end of the session, students should be able to define a non-microbial factor related to periodontal disease etiology.
  • Students should be able to name several systemic diseases/conditions that can modify the host response to periodontal pathogens.
  • Students should be able to explain why these factors contribute to periodontal disease or disorders.

Useful Websites

  • https://www.efp.org/gum-disease-general-health/perio-diabetes/
  • https://www.efp.org/gum-disease-general-health/oral-health-pregnancy/
  • Additional websites are listed, but specific URLs are not provided.

Risk Factors - Modifiable vs Nonmodifiable

  • Non-modifiable: Ethnicity, Age, and Family History
  • Modifiable: Smoking, Abdominal Obesity, High Blood Pressure, Diabetes, Psychosocial Factors, and High Cholesterol
  • Females have a higher rate of disease progression in some cases, but it is not a risk factor for diagnosis.

Non-microbial Factors

  • Non-microbial factors causing periodontal disease include:
    • Family history, Genetic Factors, Sex hormones, Systemic disorders, Stress
    • Smoking, Medications
  • These factors can impact the immune system or cause drug-induced gingival overgrowth.
  • These are not single factors, but interconnected factors with directional or multidirectional relationships.
  • A diagram (Sheilman and Watt 2000) illustrating these interconnections (risk factors to oral health) is included.

Other Factors in Periodontal Disease

  • Diabetes: Out of 100 people, 8.5 have diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes.
  • Pregnancy & Hormone Factors: Hormonal factors (puberty, contraception, pregnancy, menopause, HRT) influence the immune response, hard tissues, and inflammatory mediators. Pregnancy complications are also linked to periodontal disease.
  • Immunosuppressed Patients: Immunosuppressed patients are more susceptible to periodontal disease.
  • Immune Disorders: Several immune disorders (LAD, HIV associated) are frequently linked to periodontal disease. One example is drug-induced gingival overgrowth.
  • Osteoporosis: Calcium depletion, bone disease, age, gender, and diet can cause osteoporosis, a disease related to periodontal disease.

Additional Information

  • High blood pressure medications, differential diagnosis (phenylephrine and epilepsy), and stress are included.
  • A flowchart for periodontal diagnosis is provided.
  • Multiple diagrams, videos, charts, and images demonstrating different aspects of the disease's impact on oral health.
  • Suggested additional reading lists include links to scientific articles for a deeper understanding of the subject.
  • Recommended websites provide information related to periodontal disease or oral health in specific conditions.

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