PLAQUE

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of caries and gingivitis according to the text?

The complex microbial community known as dental plaque

What is the composition of the inorganic part of dental plaque mostly made of?

Calcium and phosphate

What is the biofilm's role in the dental plaque?

Facilitate movement of nutrients and waste products

What is the color of the matrix of proteins or polymers of bacteria and saliva origin in dental plaque?

Yellowish Signup and view all the answers

What is the major part of the problem in dental plaque according to the text?

Sticky polymeric substance secreted by micro colonies Signup and view all the answers

What is the biofilm's definition according to the text?

A community adhered to each other and to the two surfaces Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis suggests that disease results from an imbalance in microflora due to ecological stress, leading to an enrichment of pathogens or disease-related microorganisms?

The ecological plaque hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganism shift occurs as the periodontal disease progresses?

From gram-positive aerobes to gram-negative anaerobes Signup and view all the answers

What chemical signaling do bacteria use to regulate gene expression and encourage the growth of certain bacterial species while discouraging others?

Autoinducers Signup and view all the answers

What did the specific plaque hypothesis propose?

Only certain plaque is pathogenic Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the orange complex in relation to the red complex?

The red complex can't exist without the orange complex Signup and view all the answers

What factor plays a role in the development of periodontal disease, such as frequent exposure to low pH or sugar fermentation?

Environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial classification is based on their arrangement and shape?

Morphology Signup and view all the answers

What can be harmful to some bacteria if not neutralized by enzymes or in high concentrations?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer lipid membrane?

Gram-positive Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor influencing the changes in the oral cavity's bacterial composition over time?

Diet Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is mainly composed of in the early colonization of the oral cavity?

Gram-positive Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with the development of gingival inflammation over time?

Oral hygiene Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of external stains on teeth?

Food and beverages Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of calculus?

Calcium phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of untreated dental plaque?

Dental disease Signup and view all the answers

How can intrinsic stains on teeth be distinguished from external stains?

Intrinsic stains occur below the tooth surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial stage in the formation of calculus?

Formation of brush-side debris Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the stability and integrity of the mature biofilm?

Synthesis of a matrix Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis suggests that low levels of pathogens can cause inflammatory disease by altering the host immune system and promoting bacterial growth?

The Keystone Hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What did Cook's postulates, published in 1890, establish criteria for?

Determining if an organism causes a specific disease Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria primarily consists of gram-negative rods and filament spiral bacteria in subgingival plaque?

Gram-positive round and rod-shaped bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed focus of Socrates Kita's new postulates for understanding the risk factors for periodontal disease?

Pathogen numbers, host immune response, and virulence factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the color difference between supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque?

Supragingival plaque is more white, while subgingival plaque is darker Signup and view all the answers

What did the modifications to the postulates involve?

Molecular-level applications, such as PCR, to associate specific nucleic acid sequences with disease development and resolution Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the matrix of proteins or polymers of bacteria and saliva origin in dental plaque?

Yellowish Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of caries and gingivitis according to the text?

Dental plaque Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the inorganic part of dental plaque mostly made of?

Calcium and phosphate Signup and view all the answers

What is the color difference between supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque?

Supragingival plaque is white, subgingival plaque is yellow Signup and view all the answers

What is the biofilm's role in the dental plaque?

Facilitates movement of nutrients and waste products Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed focus of Socrates Kita's new postulates for understanding the risk factors for periodontal disease?

Ecological stress and enrichment of pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial classification is based on their oxygen requirements?

Metabolic classification Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of gram-negative bacteria under a microscope?

Red Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial composition of the early colonization of the oral cavity?

Gram-positive bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What causes the color difference between supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque?

Presence of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the development of gingival inflammation over time?

Shift from gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing the changes in the oral cavity's bacterial composition over time?

Age Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of intrinsic stains on teeth?

Tetracycline and fluoride use Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of supra-gingival calculus?

Carbohydrates and proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial stage in the formation of brush-side debris?

Adhesion of molecules from saliva and gingival fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mature biofilm in dental plaque?

Facilitates synergistic and antagonistic interactions between bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the biofilm's definition according to the text?

Matrix of proteins or polymers of bacteria and saliva origin Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the matrix of proteins or polymers of bacteria and saliva origin in dental plaque?

Colorless Signup and view all the answers

What did the Keystone Hypothesis propose?

Low levels of pathogens can cause inflammatory disease by altering the host immune system and promoting bacterial growth. Signup and view all the answers

What did Cook's postulates, published in 1890, establish criteria for?

Determining if an organism causes a specific disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between supragingival and subgingival plaque?

Bacterial composition and color based on location and pocket depth Signup and view all the answers

What is the major factor influencing changes in the oral cavity's bacterial composition over time?

Environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What did Socrates Kita propose new postulates for understanding?

Risk factors for periodontal disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the color difference between supragingival and subgingival plaque?

Supragingival plaque is more white, while subgingival plaque is darker due to local blood products Signup and view all the answers

Which complex cannot exist without the orange complex in the colonization process?

Purple complex Signup and view all the answers

What type of microorganism shift occurs as the periodontal disease progresses?

Shift from gram-positive aerobes to gram-negative anaerobes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of caries and gingivitis according to the microbial shift hypothesis?

Increase in pathogens over time Signup and view all the answers

What did Marsh propose with the ecological plaque hypothesis?

Disease results from an imbalance in microflora due to ecological stress Signup and view all the answers

What regulates gene expression and encourages the growth of certain bacterial species while discouraging others?

Autoinducers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the orange complex in relation to the red complex?

It is essential for the existence of the red complex Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Understanding Disease Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Postulates

Disease prevention can involve inhibiting pathogens and interfering with environmental factors that drive bacterial selection and growth.
The Keystone Hypothesis suggests that low levels of pathogens can cause inflammatory disease by altering the host immune system and promoting bacterial growth.
The Cook's postulates, published in 1890, establish criteria for determining if an organism causes a specific disease, but it has limitations.
Modifications to the postulates involve molecular-level applications, such as PCR, to associate specific nucleic acid sequences with disease development and resolution.
Socrates Kita proposed new postulates to understand the risk factors for periodontal disease, focusing on pathogen numbers, host immune response, and virulence factors.
Gingival plaque is categorized as supragingival or subgingival, with different bacterial compositions and colors based on location and pocket depth.
Supragingival plaque primarily consists of gram-positive round and rod-shaped bacteria, while subgingival plaque is dominated by gram-negative rods and filament spiral bacteria due to anaerobic conditions and blood product availability.
Supragingival plaque is more white in color, while subgingival plaque is darker due to local blood products.
The shape of supragingival plaque is bulkier, while subgingival plaque is flatter.
Disease prevention can involve inhibiting pathogens and interfering with environmental factors that drive bacterial selection and growth.
The Keystone Hypothesis suggests that low levels of pathogens can cause inflammatory disease by altering the host immune system and promoting bacterial growth.
The Cook's postulates, published in 1890, establish criteria for determining if an organism causes a specific disease, but it has limitations.

Microbial Shift Hypothesis and the Development of Periodontal Disease

Socrates group divided the six different groups involved in the colonization process: blue, yellow, green, purple, orange, and red complex
The red complex can't exist without the orange complex, but the absence of beneficial organisms is as important as the presence of pathogens
Chronic diseases may be linked to the microbial shift hypothesis, where there is a decrease in beneficial symbionts or an increase in pathogens over time
As the disease progresses, the overall microorganism shifts from gram-positive aerobes to gram-negative anaerobes
Biofilm consists of different physiological differences and allows for coexistence of different species over time
There are synergistic and antagonistic interactions among the bacteria in the biofilm
Bacteria communicate using chemical signaling called autoinducers, which regulate gene expression and encourage the growth of certain bacterial species while discouraging others
The early hypothesis that all plaque has equal potential to cause disease was abandoned with the development of techniques to isolate and identify specific bacteria
Specific plaque hypothesis stated that only certain plaque is pathogenic, leading to the idea that all diseases could be initiated by specific pathogenic species
Marsh proposed the ecological plaque hypothesis, which suggests that disease results from an imbalance in microflora due to ecological stress, leading to an enrichment of pathogens or disease-related microorganisms
Environmental factors play a role in the development of periodontal disease, such as frequent exposure to low pH or sugar fermentation
The development of periodontal disease involves a complex interaction of different bacterial species and environmental factors

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge of disease pathogenesis and diagnostic postulates with this quiz. Explore the Keystone Hypothesis, Cook's postulates, and molecular-level applications in disease understanding. Learn about gingival plaque composition, bacterial types, and colors based on location and pocket depth.

PLAQUE

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of caries and gingivitis according to the text?

What is the composition of the inorganic part of dental plaque mostly made of?

What is the biofilm's role in the dental plaque?

What is the color of the matrix of proteins or polymers of bacteria and saliva origin in dental plaque?

What is the major part of the problem in dental plaque according to the text?

What is the biofilm's definition according to the text?

Which hypothesis suggests that disease results from an imbalance in microflora due to ecological stress, leading to an enrichment of pathogens or disease-related microorganisms?

What type of microorganism shift occurs as the periodontal disease progresses?

What chemical signaling do bacteria use to regulate gene expression and encourage the growth of certain bacterial species while discouraging others?

What did the specific plaque hypothesis propose?

What is the role of the orange complex in relation to the red complex?

What factor plays a role in the development of periodontal disease, such as frequent exposure to low pH or sugar fermentation?

Which bacterial classification is based on their arrangement and shape?

What can be harmful to some bacteria if not neutralized by enzymes or in high concentrations?

Which type of bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and no outer lipid membrane?

What is the main factor influencing the changes in the oral cavity's bacterial composition over time?

Which type of bacteria is mainly composed of in the early colonization of the oral cavity?

What is associated with the development of gingival inflammation over time?

What is the primary cause of external stains on teeth?

What is the main component of calculus?

What is the consequence of untreated dental plaque?

How can intrinsic stains on teeth be distinguished from external stains?

What is the initial stage in the formation of calculus?

What contributes to the stability and integrity of the mature biofilm?

Which hypothesis suggests that low levels of pathogens can cause inflammatory disease by altering the host immune system and promoting bacterial growth?

What did Cook's postulates, published in 1890, establish criteria for?

What type of bacteria primarily consists of gram-negative rods and filament spiral bacteria in subgingival plaque?

What is the proposed focus of Socrates Kita's new postulates for understanding the risk factors for periodontal disease?

What is the color difference between supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque?

What did the modifications to the postulates involve?

What is the color of the matrix of proteins or polymers of bacteria and saliva origin in dental plaque?

What is the primary cause of caries and gingivitis according to the text?

What is the composition of the inorganic part of dental plaque mostly made of?

What is the color difference between supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque?

What is the biofilm's role in the dental plaque?

What is the proposed focus of Socrates Kita's new postulates for understanding the risk factors for periodontal disease?

Which bacterial classification is based on their oxygen requirements?

What is the color of gram-negative bacteria under a microscope?

What is the initial composition of the early colonization of the oral cavity?

What causes the color difference between supragingival plaque and subgingival plaque?

What contributes to the development of gingival inflammation over time?

What is the primary factor influencing the changes in the oral cavity's bacterial composition over time?

What is the primary cause of intrinsic stains on teeth?

What is the main component of supra-gingival calculus?

What is the initial stage in the formation of brush-side debris?

What is the role of the mature biofilm in dental plaque?

What is the biofilm's definition according to the text?

What is the color of the matrix of proteins or polymers of bacteria and saliva origin in dental plaque?

What did the Keystone Hypothesis propose?

What did Cook's postulates, published in 1890, establish criteria for?

What is the primary difference between supragingival and subgingival plaque?

What is the major factor influencing changes in the oral cavity's bacterial composition over time?

What did Socrates Kita propose new postulates for understanding?

What is the color difference between supragingival and subgingival plaque?

Which complex cannot exist without the orange complex in the colonization process?

What type of microorganism shift occurs as the periodontal disease progresses?

What is the primary cause of caries and gingivitis according to the microbial shift hypothesis?

What did Marsh propose with the ecological plaque hypothesis?

What regulates gene expression and encourages the growth of certain bacterial species while discouraging others?

What is the role of the orange complex in relation to the red complex?

Study Notes

Studying That Suits You

Description

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