Non-Microbial factors and periodontal disease
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Questions and Answers

What is considered a significant risk in the management of dental care for patients with diabetes?

  • Increased risk of oral diseases (correct)
  • Failing to monitor blood pressure regularly
  • Ignoring dietary restrictions
  • Only focusing on teeth cleaning

What is one indicator of poor diabetes control?

  • Regular dental check-ups
  • Elevated blood glucose levels (correct)
  • Low cholesterol levels
  • High calcium intake

In which way does diabetes influence oral health?

  • It has no effect on oral health
  • It improves gum health
  • It can lead to periodontal disease (correct)
  • It decreases the likelihood of tooth decay

What should dental professionals focus on to optimize care for patients with diabetes?

<p>Management of oral and general health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is commonly linked to periodontal disease in females of reproductive age?

<p>Sex hormone levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which life stage do hormonal changes most notably influence periodontal outcomes?

<p>Pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a risk factor for periodontal disease linked to hormones?

<p>Menopause (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do inflammatory mediators play in pregnancy complications?

<p>They may worsen outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which contraceptive method has been investigated for its effect on periodontal health?

<p>Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can pregnancy impact future periodontal risk for family members?

<p>Increased risk factors may be inherited (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormonal change is associated with an increase in periodontal disease risk during puberty?

<p>Increase in estrogen and progesterone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health outcome is associated with periodontal disease during pregnancy?

<p>Increased risk of preterm birth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease?

<p>Diabetes and periodontal disease have a mutually worsening effect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does periodontal disease relate to pregnancy complications?

<p>It may be a contributing factor to complications in pregnancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is primarily discussed in relation to depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and periodontal health?

<p>Women aged 15 to 44. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of periodontal disease associated with HIV infection?

<p>Increased risk of opportunistic infections. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of information related to periodontal disease?

<p>NBA.com. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is explored in relation to periodontal health in younger women?

<p>Use of contraceptive methods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential impact of periodontal disease on systemic health?

<p>Increased inflammation in the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing periodontal disease and its complications, what should health professionals consider?

<p>The patient's entire medical history. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-microbial factor that can influence periodontal disease?

<p>Smoking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which systemic condition is associated with a modified host response to periodontal pathogens?

<p>Diabetes Mellitus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does stress potentially contribute to periodontal disease?

<p>By modifying immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an immune disorder mentioned?

<p>Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is considered modifiable in the context of periodontal disease?

<p>Stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor in the differential diagnosis for immune disorders?

<p>Vaccination history (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do hormones play in periodontal disease?

<p>They enhance the body's inflammatory response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key components of assessing immune disorders according to the content?

<p>Assessment and Re-assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of health condition is associated with HIV?

<p>Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systemic conditions is NOT explicitly mentioned as influencing periodontal disease?

<p>Sickle Cell Disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is mentioned as being possibly linked to osteoporosis?

<p>Age and Gender (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is considered a nonmodifiable risk factor for periodontal disease?

<p>Gender (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym MECC stand for in relation to health practices?

<p>Making Every Contact Count (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way systemic diseases contribute to periodontal disease?

<p>By modifying or amplifying host response to pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components are crucial for communication and education in immune disorder management?

<p>Support and Motivation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions may lead to increased susceptibility to periodontal disease?

<p>Leukemias (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormonal change is likely to impact periodontal health?

<p>Increased cortisol during stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about 'DIGO' in the context of immune disorders?

<p>DIGO is associated with Diabetes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Non-microbial factors in periodontal disease

Factors that can influence the development of periodontal disease without being caused by bacteria.

Systemic Diseases that Modify Host Response

Systemic conditions or diseases that can alter the body's response to periodontal pathogens. Examples include diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and leukemia.

Modifiable Non-microbial Factors

Factors that can be changed or controlled, such as smoking, stress, and certain medications.

Non-modifiable Non-microbial Factors

Factors that cannot be changed, such as genetics, age, and some systemic diseases.

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Diabetes Mellitus

A long-term metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels.

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Leukemias

A group of cancers affecting blood-forming tissues in the bone marrow.

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Neutropenia

A condition with abnormally low levels of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that fights infections.

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Pregnancy

The state of being pregnant.

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Down Syndrome

A genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability and distinctive physical features.

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Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by a decrease in bone density, making bones more fragile.

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Diabetes

A chronic condition where the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or can't use insulin properly, resulting in high blood sugar.

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Diabetes Control

A measure of how well a person with diabetes is managing their condition, indicated by blood sugar levels and overall health.

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Medical Emergencies Risk

A situation where a person's blood sugar levels are dangerously high, requiring immediate medical attention.

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Undiagnosed Diabetes

The state of having diabetes without knowing it, meaning blood sugar levels are high but haven't been diagnosed.

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Oral Implications

The potential for diabetes to negatively affect oral health, leading to problems like gum disease and tooth decay.

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Diabetes and Periodontal Disease Relationship

A two-way relationship where both diabetes and periodontal disease can worsen each other.

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Periodontal Disease

A group of conditions affecting the gums and supporting tissues of teeth, potentially leading to tooth loss.

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Pregnancy Complications and Periodontal Disease

Increased risk of pregnancy complications like preterm birth and low birth weight.

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HIV/AIDS and Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease can be more severe and progressive in people with HIV/AIDS.

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DMPA and Periodontal Disease

The use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), a long-acting contraceptive, has been linked to increased risk of periodontal disease.

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Pregnancy and Oral Infections

Infections can spread from the mouth to the placenta during pregnancy.

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Immune Disorders

A category of diseases where the immune system malfunctions, either attacking the body's own tissues or failing to fight off infections.

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Hyperlipidaemia

A condition characterized by elevated levels of fat (lipids) in the blood, particularly cholesterol and triglycerides. It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Oral Health Delivery

A broad term encompassing several different strategies and activities aiming to improve oral health. These strategies include diagnosing issues early, providing necessary treatments, and educating patients on preventive care.

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Patient Motivation

A crucial aspect of successful oral health interventions. It refers to actively engaging patients in their own oral health journey, motivating them to make changes and maintain good practices.

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Making Every Contact Count (MECC)

A framework that emphasizes the importance of every interaction with a patient as an opportunity to promote their health and well-being. It encourages healthcare professionals to seize every moment to share health information and encourage positive behaviors.

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Oral Health Assessment

Assessing a patient's understanding and knowledge about their oral health, aiming to identify areas where they need further education or support.

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Oral Health Coaching

The process of providing guidance and support to patients to encourage them to maintain good oral health practices. It involves helping them make informed choices and adapt to new habits.

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Pregnancy & Hormone-related Factors

Hormonal changes during pregnancy, such as increased estrogen and progesterone, can affect the immune system, making women more susceptible to inflammation and bacteria growth in the mouth. Changes in hormone levels during puberty, contraception use, and menopause can also influence oral health.

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Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy

Periodontal disease is commonly linked to pregnancy complications, including preterm birth and low birth weight. Increased inflammation and bacterial infection in the mouth can negatively affect the mother and developing baby.

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Sex Hormones & Oral Health

Hormones play a crucial role in both male and female reproductive systems, but they also affect oral health. Sex hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, can influence the growth and development of tissues in the mouth.

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Puberty & Periodontal Health

Periodontal disease can worsen during puberty due to hormonal fluctuations that influence immune response. This makes teenagers and young adults more susceptible to bacterial infections in the mouth.

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Contraceptives & Oral Health

Hormonal contraceptives, like birth control pills, can affect gum health, leading to an increased risk of periodontal disease. This is because hormones can impact the immune system and influence bacterial growth in the mouth.

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Menopause & Periodontal Health

After menopause, women experience a decline in estrogen levels, which can affect bone density and increase the risk of osteoporosis. This can also lead to decreased resistance to infections, including periodontal disease.

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Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) & Oral Health

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) can be used to manage menopausal symptoms. However, some types of HRT have been linked to increased risk of gum disease. It's crucial to discuss oral health impacts with your doctor.

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Inflammation & Periodontal Disease

Inflammation in the gums and tissues surrounding teeth is a hallmark of periodontal disease, which can contribute to pregnancy complications. Managing inflammation and bacterial infections in the mouth is crucial for a healthy pregnancy.

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Study Notes

Intended Learning Outcomes

  • By the end of the session, students should be able to define non-microbial factors related to periodontal disease.
  • Students should be able to name several systemic diseases/conditions that modify the host response to periodontal pathogens.
  • Students should be able to explain why these factors contribute to periodontal disease or disorders.

Videos/Useful Websites

  • List of YouTube video links for viewing are provided
  • Links to websites related to gum disease, general health, periodontitis, diabetes, and oral health during pregnancy are provided.

BSP Periodontal Diagnosis Flowchart

  • Staging and grading of periodontal diseases using a flowchart
  • Includes radiographic assessment, assessment of current periodontitis status, and risk factor assessment.
  • Specific details concerning bone loss, and other relevant factors such as patient age, are included in the flowchart.

Modifiable vs Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

  • Risk factors are categorized as modifiable or non-modifiable
  • Non-modifiable factors include ethnicity, age, gender, and family history Modifiable factors include smoking, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
  • Psychological factors are also included in the modifiable risk factor category.

Non-Microbial Factors

  • Non-microbial factors impacting periodontal disease include genetic factors, systemic disorders, sex hormones, smoking, medications, and stress.
  • A diagram presenting the interrelation of these factors with other factors such as diet, stress, obesity, heart disease, respiratory disease, dental caries, periodontal and injury trauma.

Bidirectional Factors

  • A diagram illustrating bidirectional factors influencing periodontal disease, such as stress, down syndrome, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, leukemias, neutropenia, HIV, and osteoporosis.

Diabetes Prevalence

  • Out of 100 people have diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes—this statistic was obtained from Public Health England.

Diabetes, Oral Cavity, Dental Professional

  • Discusses diabetes control, risk factors, oral implications, appointment management, and motivation.
  • Provides a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease.
  • Explores the link between pregnancy and hormone-related factors affecting oral health.
  • The role of hormones, inflammatory mediators, puberty, contraception, pregnancy, menopause, and HRT are covered.

Sex Hormones/Contraception/Menopause

  • Discusses the effects of sex hormones, contraception, and menopause on oral health.
  • The effects of puberty, contraception, pregnancy, menopause and HRT on oral health
  • Relevant details are highlighted concerning hormone fluctuations, bone loss, vaginal dryness, hot flushes, weight gain, and mood swings.

HIV and Immune Disorders

  • The connection between HIV, immune disorders, and oral health is detailed
  • Include oral manifestations associated with HIV/AIDS using HAART, and medical referral for HAART failure or disease progression, including oral pathologies.
  • Specific mention of Leucocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) and diabetes-associated immune disorders is provided.

Stress

  • Stress, clenching, diet, and motivation are interrelated factors concerning oral health as stated in the illustrative diagram.

Osteoporosis and Hyperlipidaemia

  • Mention of osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia as conditions connected to oral health considerations.

In Both Oral and General Health

  • Discusses detection, assessment, communication/education, motivation/coaching, delivery, re-assessment, support, and monitoring in oral and general health.

Making Every Contact Count (MECC)

  • Description of the MECC approach, which uses routine interactions to promote positive health and well-being.
  • Information about different types of interventions, including high-intensity, extended brief, and brief interventions.
  • List of articles related to diabetes and periodontal disease, periodontal disease and pregnancy complications, HIV infection and periodontal disease, and the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate in oral health for females aged 15-44.

Image References

  • List of internet links to images used through the lecture.

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