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Which type of inhaled anesthetic is preferred for inhalation induction due to its low pungency and low blood:gas solubility?

Xenon

Nitrous oxide

Desflurane

Sevoflurane (correct)

What effect do all volatile anesthetics have on blood pressure?

Increase blood pressure

Decrease blood pressure (correct)

No effect on blood pressure

Cause irregular heartbeat

What cascade of events do volatile anesthetics trigger, similar to a brief ischemic period?

Increases CMRO2

Decreases cerebral blood flow

Initiates intracellular events providing myocardial protection (correct)

Triggers MH reaction

Which factor can affect the MAC of inhaled anesthetics?

Patient's age Signup and view all the answers

What is needed for the delivery of the desired concentration of desflurane due to its low boiling point?

Special vaporizer Signup and view all the answers

Which inhaled agents will trigger Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) in a susceptible patient?

All volatile agents Signup and view all the answers

What effect do volatile anesthetics have on evoked potential monitoring?

Produce predictable effects varying by monitor type Signup and view all the answers

What impact do volatile anesthetics have on cerebral blood flow and CMRO2?

Increased cerebral blood flow and decreased CMRO2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases MAC?

Hypoventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage decrease in MAC per decade from 1 year of age onward?

6% Signup and view all the answers

Which volatile agent produces the least airway irritation?

Sevoflurane Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of MAC-awake?

Patient opens eyes to command Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT change MAC according to the text?

Hyperkalemia Signup and view all the answers

Which volatile agent has varying effects on autoregulation?

Isoflurane Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Sevoflurane on CSF resorption?

No change Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of MAC-BAR?

Alveolar concentration that blunts adrenergic response to noxious stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which volatile anesthetic has the highest blood:gas partition coefficient among the currently available ones?

Isoflurane Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique property of halothane compared to the other volatile agents?

Susceptibility to decomposition Signup and view all the answers

Which volatile anesthetic is known for its extremely rare incidence of immune-mediated hepatitis?

Desflurane Signup and view all the answers

Among the volatile agents, which one has the lowest blood:gas partition coefficient?

Sevoflurane Signup and view all the answers

Which volatile anesthetic produces a dose-dependent decrease in uterine smooth muscle tone?

Halothane Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique adverse effect associated with desflurane among the volatile anesthetics?

Increased inorganic fluoride levels Signup and view all the answers

Which volatile agent has been linked to dose-dependent nephrotoxicity in rats but appears safe in humans?

Sevoflurane Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage change in cerebral blood flow for each 1mmHg change in pCO2?

~3% Signup and view all the answers

How does hypocapnia affect the increase in cerebral blood flow seen with volatile agents?

Blunts the increase Signup and view all the answers

Why is hypocapnia contraindicated in traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

It increases cerebral blood flow Signup and view all the answers

In the context of focal cerebral injury following incomplete ischemia, what is likely to be minimally different between isoflurane and thiopental when blood pressure is maintained?

Cerebral injury reduction Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the improvement in cerebral tissue oxygenation when anesthetic agents are used to lower blood pressure?

Moderate increase in cerebral blood flow Signup and view all the answers

What is postoperative cognitive dysfunction characterized by?

Impaired mental processing Signup and view all the answers

What does Barash suggest about the use of volatile agents compared to sedative-hypnotics in improving cerebral tissue oxygenation?

Volatile agents improve oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

Which anesthetic agent is associated with the most improvement over isoflurane in terms of cognitive recovery?

Sevoflurane Signup and view all the answers

What effect does N2O have on coronary steal and ischemia?

May worsen cardiac outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which volatile agent is recommended to be avoided when using motor-evoked potentials technique?

Isoflurane Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of volatile agents on ventricular response to an acute increase in preload in cardiac patients?

No change Signup and view all the answers

Which anesthetic agent may slightly prolong the QT interval?

Desflurane Signup and view all the answers

What effect do volatile agents have on blood pressure?

Dose-related decrease Signup and view all the answers

How do volatile agents affect sensitivity to catecholamines in the myocardium?

No change Signup and view all the answers

Which type of changes are better tolerated in terms of anesthetic depth according to the text?

+Gradual changes Signup and view all the answers

Inhaled 1

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Questions and Answers

Which type of inhaled anesthetic is preferred for inhalation induction due to its low pungency and low blood:gas solubility?

What effect do all volatile anesthetics have on blood pressure?

What cascade of events do volatile anesthetics trigger, similar to a brief ischemic period?

Which factor can affect the MAC of inhaled anesthetics?

What is needed for the delivery of the desired concentration of desflurane due to its low boiling point?

Which inhaled agents will trigger Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) in a susceptible patient?

What effect do volatile anesthetics have on evoked potential monitoring?

What impact do volatile anesthetics have on cerebral blood flow and CMRO2?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that increases MAC?

What is the approximate percentage decrease in MAC per decade from 1 year of age onward?

Which volatile agent produces the least airway irritation?

What is the characteristic of MAC-awake?

Which factor does NOT change MAC according to the text?

Which volatile agent has varying effects on autoregulation?

What is the effect of Sevoflurane on CSF resorption?

What is the characteristic of MAC-BAR?

Which volatile anesthetic has the highest blood:gas partition coefficient among the currently available ones?

What is a unique property of halothane compared to the other volatile agents?

Which volatile anesthetic is known for its extremely rare incidence of immune-mediated hepatitis?

Among the volatile agents, which one has the lowest blood:gas partition coefficient?

Which volatile anesthetic produces a dose-dependent decrease in uterine smooth muscle tone?

What is a unique adverse effect associated with desflurane among the volatile anesthetics?

Which volatile agent has been linked to dose-dependent nephrotoxicity in rats but appears safe in humans?

What is the approximate percentage change in cerebral blood flow for each 1mmHg change in pCO2?

How does hypocapnia affect the increase in cerebral blood flow seen with volatile agents?

Why is hypocapnia contraindicated in traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

In the context of focal cerebral injury following incomplete ischemia, what is likely to be minimally different between isoflurane and thiopental when blood pressure is maintained?

What contributes to the improvement in cerebral tissue oxygenation when anesthetic agents are used to lower blood pressure?

What is postoperative cognitive dysfunction characterized by?

What does Barash suggest about the use of volatile agents compared to sedative-hypnotics in improving cerebral tissue oxygenation?

Which anesthetic agent is associated with the most improvement over isoflurane in terms of cognitive recovery?

What effect does N2O have on coronary steal and ischemia?

Which volatile agent is recommended to be avoided when using motor-evoked potentials technique?

What is the effect of volatile agents on ventricular response to an acute increase in preload in cardiac patients?

Which anesthetic agent may slightly prolong the QT interval?

What effect do volatile agents have on blood pressure?

How do volatile agents affect sensitivity to catecholamines in the myocardium?

Which type of changes are better tolerated in terms of anesthetic depth according to the text?

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