Bone Building Nutrients
180 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors can impair calcium absorption?

  • Vitamin D status
  • Increased stomach acid (correct)
  • Age
  • Intestinal transit time

    • What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium for females aged 19 to 50 years?

  • 1100 mg/day
  • 1200 mg/day
  • 1000 mg/day (correct)
  • 800 mg/day

    • Which of the following food sources has the highest bioavailability of calcium?

  • Dairy products (correct)
  • Beans
  • Supplements
  • Spinach

    • What is the effect of sodium intake on urinary calcium excretion?

    <p>It increases urinary calcium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of protein intake on renal calcium excretion?

    <p>It increases renal calcium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of calcium intake on non-heme iron absorption?

    <p>It decreases non-heme iron absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is primarily non-living material?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoclasts?

    <p>To resorb (dissolve) bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of a nutrient?

    <p>The rate at which a nutrient is absorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the bone matrix?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of calcium in the body?

    <p>The skeleton (bones)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are provitamins?

    <p>Inactive forms of some vitamins found in foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates bone resorption (dissolving of bone)?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does peak bone mass development occur?

    <p>Between 12 and 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bone modeling (remodeling)?

    <p>To replace damaged bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common intracellular messenger involved in various functions such as muscle contraction and glucose breakdown?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of calcium in the body?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of calcium absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?

    <p>High body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of age when peak bone mass (PBM) is achieved?

    <p>20-30 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most efficient absorption rate for calcium supplements?

    <p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the majority of phosphorus (P) found in the body?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a food source of phosphorus?

    <p>Spinach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for phosphorus for individuals aged 9-18 years?

    <p>1250 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypophosphatemia?

    <p>Muscle weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for phosphorus for people aged 9-70 years?

    <p>4 g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Supports immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the food sources of magnesium?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of magnesium for males aged 19-30 years?

    <p>400 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fluoride in the body?

    <p>Protects against demineralization of bone &amp; teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is primarily non-living material?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the bone matrix?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

    <p>Resorb (dissolve) bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are provitamins?

    <p>Inactive forms of some vitamins found in foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of calcium in the body?

    <p>Muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of a nutrient?

    <p>The extent to which a nutrient is absorbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can impair calcium absorption?

    <p>Decreased stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for calcium for individuals aged 9-18 years?

    <p>2500 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of protein intake on renal calcium excretion?

    <p>Protein intake increases renal calcium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of calcium absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of calcium supplements?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium for females aged 51+ years?

    <p>1200 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hyperphosphatemia?

    <p>Bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for magnesium for people aged 9-70 years?

    <p>4 g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphorus in the body?

    <p>Bone mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of magnesium from food sources?

    <p>About 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of phosphorus for males aged 9-13 years?

    <p>240 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant divalent cation in cells?

    <p>Magnesium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of calcitonin in the body?

    <p>Inhibits bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in the body?

    <p>Stimulates bone resorption (dissolving of bone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Sunlight exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of growth factors in bone cell action?

    <p>Promote bone development and repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glucocorticoids in bone cell action?

    <p>Stimulate bone resorption (dissolving of bone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone cell action?

    <p>Maintain bone integrity and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

    <p>Postmenopausal (no protection from estrogen)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fluoride in the body?

    <p>A component of hydroxy- and fluorapatite; phospholipids in cell membranes; nucleic acids (RNA, DNA); and almost all enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sodium intake on urinary calcium excretion?

    <p>Increases urinary calcium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of calcium absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of magnesium for males aged 19-30 years?

    <p>450 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most efficient absorption rate for calcium supplements?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can increase urinary calcium excretion?

    <p>Increased sodium intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of calcium from supplements?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most potent inhibitor of calcium absorption?

    <p>Oxalic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of protein intake on renal calcium excretion?

    <p>Increases renal calcium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?

    <p>High protein intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of calcitonin in the body?

    <p>Decrease blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is primarily non-living material?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone cell action?

    <p>To fill in pits left by osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of calcium in the body?

    <p>To maintain bone health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Sunlight exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of protein intake on renal calcium excretion?

    <p>Increases renal calcium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fluoride in the body?

    <p>To enhance bone growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

    <p>Postmenopausal (no protection from estrogen)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone cell action?

    <p>Bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Calcium absorption in the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in the body?

    <p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Sun exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium for females aged 19 to 50 years?

    <p>1000 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary function of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Enzyme cofactors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fluoride in the body?

    <p>Protects against demineralization of bone &amp; teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphorus in the body?

    <p>Bone mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Promotes calcium absorption in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for phosphorus for people aged 9-70 years?

    <p>4 g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of magnesium from food sources?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone cell action?

    <p>To replace damaged bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of calcium in the body?

    <p>To maintain blood calcium and phosphorus levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of magnesium from food sources?

    <p>Low</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fluoride in the body?

    <p>To prevent tooth decay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of calcium absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common intracellular messenger involved in various functions such as muscle contraction and glucose breakdown?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates bone resorption (dissolving of bone)?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of bone development does bone resorption exceed bone formation?

    <p>Age 30 to 40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of calcitonin in the body?

    <p>Prevents renal calcium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoblasts?

    <p>Bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of growth factors in bone cell action?

    <p>Promote bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of calcium absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is primarily non-living material?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone cell action?

    <p>To create a matrix and conditions for mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of calcium absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in the body?

    <p>To increase calcium reabsorption in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of calcitonin in the body?

    <p>To decrease calcium resorption in bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are provitamins?

    <p>Inactive forms of some vitamins found in foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

    <p>Anorexia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of calcitonin in the body?

    <p>To decrease blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone cell action?

    <p>To maintain bone mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glucocorticoids in bone cell action?

    <p>To stimulate bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fluoride in the body?

    <p>To promote tooth mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphorus in the body?

    <p>To support growth and replace excretory losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of phosphorus for females aged 14-18 years?

    <p>410 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Enzyme cofactors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of magnesium from food sources?

    <p>About 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypophosphatemia?

    <p>Osteomalacia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fluoride in the body?

    <p>Protects against demineralization of bone &amp; teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most potent inhibitor of calcium absorption?

    <p>Phytate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can impair calcium absorption?

    <p>Decreased stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone cell action?

    <p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of magnesium from food sources?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of phosphorus for individuals aged 9-18 years?

    <p>1100 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Sunlight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of protein intake on renal calcium excretion?

    <p>Increases renal calcium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can impair calcium absorption?

    <p>Decreased stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of calcium from dairy products?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most potent inhibitor of calcium absorption?

    <p>Oxalic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium for males aged 19 to 70 years?

    <p>1000 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most efficient absorption rate for calcium supplements?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can increase urinary calcium excretion?

    <p>Protein intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is primarily non-living material?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Enhances calcium absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

    <p>Resorb (dissolve) bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of growth factors in bone cell action?

    <p>Stimulate osteoblast activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in the body?

    <p>Promotes bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of calcium absorption in the digestive system?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates bone resorption (dissolving of bone)?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does peak bone mass development occur?

    <p>Age 12 to 30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of calcitonin in the body?

    <p>Inhibits bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Increases blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone cell action?

    <p>Stimulate bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glucocorticoids in bone cell action?

    <p>Stimulate bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

    <p>Chronic steroid use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphorus in the body?

    <p>Plays a role in energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between low milk intake in childhood and hip fractures in post-menopausal women?

    <p>Increased risk of hip fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most efficient absorption of calcium supplements?

    <p>With meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of phosphorus for individuals aged 9-18 years?

    <p>1250mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of phosphorus in the body?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypophosphatemia?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fluoride in the body?

    <p>Protects against demineralization of bone &amp; teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of magnesium for males aged 19-30 years?

    <p>420 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Enzyme cofactors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for phosphorus for people aged 9-70 years?

    <p>4 g/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of calcium from supplements?

    <p>10-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone stimulates bone resorption (dissolving of bone)?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone cell action?

    <p>Continual resorption and replacement of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of osteoclasts?

    <p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glucocorticoids in bone cell action?

    <p>Bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of calcitonin in the body?

    <p>Bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of fluoride in the body?

    <p>Mineralization of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can impair calcium absorption?

    <p>Decreased stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of calcium in the diet?

    <p>Spinach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of calcium for males aged 19 to 70 years?

    <p>1000 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a concern of hypercalcemia at high calcium intakes?

    <p>Milk alkali syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can increase urinary calcium excretion?

    <p>Protein intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of calcium from dairy products?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

    <p>Postmenopausal (no protection from estrogen)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of growth factors in bone cell action?

    <p>Promote bone formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in the body?

    <p>Stimulate bone resorption (dissolving of bone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Regulate calcium absorption in the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of calcitonin in the body?

    <p>Inhibit bone resorption (dissolving of bone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of protein intake on renal calcium excretion?

    <p>Increase renal calcium excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary function of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Enzyme cofactors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fluoride in the body?

    <p>Protects against demineralization of bone &amp; teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of magnesium for males aged 19-30 years?

    <p>320 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of phosphorus in the body?

    <p>Bone mineralization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of phosphorus for individuals aged 9-18 years?

    <p>360 mg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteocytes in bone cell action?

    <p>Bone remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone is primarily non-living material?

    <p>Cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the bone matrix?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoclasts in bone cell action?

    <p>Resorb (dissolve) bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Enhance calcium absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bioavailability of a nutrient?

    <p>The rate at which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glucocorticoids in bone cell action?

    <p>Resorb (dissolve) bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bone Building Nutrients

    • Factors affecting bioavailability of nutrients include digestive efficiency, nutritional status, concurrent intake of inhibitors/promoters, food preparation methods, and nutrient source.
    • Bones are made up of trabecular bone (spongy) and cortical bone (compact), with the majority being non-living material.
    • The matrix of bones consists of collagen and other proteins, with a mineral coating that includes calcium, phosphate, carbonate, and other ions.
    • There are four main types of bone cells: lining cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes.
    • Bone cell action is controlled by hormones, including parathyroid hormone, calcitriol, glucocorticoids, growth factors, and calcitonin.
    • Bone development occurs from birth to approximately age 20, with peak bone mass development between 12 and 30.
    • Bone modeling and remodeling involve the continual resorption and replacement of bone, controlled by parathyroid hormone.
    • Functions of bone include providing mechanical rigidity, protecting organs, permitting ambulation, acting as a homeostatic buffer, and serving as a storage form.
    • Calcium is a key nutrient for bone formation and is mostly found in bones and teeth as hydroxyapatite or fluoroapatite.
    • Blood calcium levels are tightly regulated by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
    • Calcium absorption occurs through active transfer and passive diffusion, with factors such as vitamin D status, intestinal transit time, and age influencing absorption.
    • Calcium is lost through urine, feces, sweat, skin sloughing, hair, and nails, with a total daily loss of approximately 60 mg.
    • Good dietary sources of calcium include dairy products, plant-based alternatives, dried seaweed, almonds, spinach, and calcium-fortified foods.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on factors that influence the absorption of calcium in the body. Explore topics such as vitamin D status, intestinal transit time, age, and calcium excretion. Learn how these factors affect the efficiency of calcium absorption and understand the importance of maintaining optimal levels of calcium in the body.

    More Like This

    Bone-Building Nutrients Quiz
    15 questions

    Bone-Building Nutrients Quiz

    SmarterMoonstone avatar
    SmarterMoonstone
    Bone and Hormone Quiz
    8 questions

    Bone and Hormone Quiz

    ChivalrousSard7112 avatar
    ChivalrousSard7112
    Bone Model Flashcards
    10 questions

    Bone Model Flashcards

    SafePythagoras avatar
    SafePythagoras
    Bone Cell Types Quiz
    10 questions

    Bone Cell Types Quiz

    VirtuousConflict avatar
    VirtuousConflict
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser