Bone Markings Anatomy Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is a tuberosity?

A rough elevated surface that marks the attachment of a ligament or tendon (correct)

A small rounded projection

A canal-like passageway

A shallow depression in a bone

What is the definition of a tubercle?

Small rounded projection

What describes a crest in terms of bone markings?

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

What is the significance of a trochanter?

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process on the femur Signup and view all the answers

Define condyle.

Rounded articular projection Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a line in bone markings?

Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest Signup and view all the answers

What is an epicondyle?

Raised area on or above a condyle Signup and view all the answers

What does the term spine refer to in bone markings?

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection Signup and view all the answers

What does the term process mean in bone anatomy?

Any bone prominence Signup and view all the answers

What is a head in terms of bone structure?

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck Signup and view all the answers

Define facet in bone markings.

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface Signup and view all the answers

What does ramus mean in bone terminology?

Armlike bar of bone Signup and view all the answers

What defines a groove in bone anatomy?

Furrow Signup and view all the answers

What is a fissure in bone markings?

Irregular elongated hole in a bone Signup and view all the answers

What is a foramen?

Round or oval opening through a bone Signup and view all the answers

Define meatus in the context of bone anatomy.

Canal-like passageway Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a fossa?

Shallow, basin-like depression in a bone Signup and view all the answers

What are bone markings?

Sites of muscle, ligament and tendon attachment Signup and view all the answers

List the types of tissue found in bone.

Osseous, nervous, cartilage, fibrous connective tissue, muscle, and epithelial Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary types of bone?

Compact and spongy Signup and view all the answers

How is bone classified?

Long, short, flat, irregular Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are in the human body?

206 Signup and view all the answers

What are the sutures of the skull?

Coronal, sagittal, lamboid, squamous Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the periosteum?

Dense irregular connective tissue membrane covering cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What types of vertebrae are there?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Markings

Tuberosity: Rough elevated surface for ligament or tendon attachment.
Tubercle: Small rounded projection on a bone.
Crest: Narrow, prominent ridge of bone.
Trochanter: Very large, blunt, irregular process found on the femur.
Condyle: Rounded articular projection at a joint.
Line: Narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest, indicating growth plate closure.
Epicondyle: Raised area located on or above a condyle.
Spine: Sharp, slender, pointed projection from a bone.
Process: Any prominent projection on a bone.

Additional Bone Markings

Head: Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.
Facet: Smooth, nearly flat surface for articulation.
Ramus: Armlike bar or extension of bone.
Groove: Furrow or indentation in bone.
Fissure: Irregular elongated hole in a bone.
Foramen: Round or oval opening through a bone for vessels and nerves.
Meatus: Canal-like passage within a bone.
Canal: A tube-like opening.
Fossa: Shallow, basin-like depression serving as an articular surface.

Bone Tissue and Structure

Bone Markings: Sites for muscle, ligament, tendon attachments, joint surfaces, and conduits for blood vessels and nerves.
Types of Tissue in Bone: Includes osseous, nervous, cartilage, fibrous connective, muscle, and epithelial (found in blood vessels).
Types of Bone:
- Compact Bone: Dense, rigid outer layer made up of osteons.
- Spongy Bone: Porous inner structure with small trabeculae and numerous open spaces.
Bone Classifications:
- Long Bones: Longer than wide, primarily compact (e.g. humerus, femur).
- Short Bones: Cube-shaped, more spongy (e.g. carpals).
- Flat Bones: Thin and slightly curved (e.g. sternum, scapula).
- Irregular Bones: Miscellaneous shapes (e.g. vertebrae).

Cartilage

Contains no blood vessels or nerves.
Hyaline Cartilage: Provides support with flexibility; found at the ends of bones and respiratory structures.
Elastic Cartilage: Very flexible; found in the ear and epiglottis.
Fibrocartilage: Highly compressible and offers great tensile strength; found in knee menisci and intervertebral discs.

Miscellaneous Bone Information

Perichondrium: Dense connective tissue membrane covering cartilage, delivering nutrients.
Number of Bones in Adult Body: 206 total, including 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
Skeletal Classification:
- Axial Skeleton: 80 bones (skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage).
- Appendicular Skeleton: 126 bones (limbs and girdles).
Sutures of the Skull: Include coronal, sagittal, lamboid, and squamous, which are membranous joints facilitating skull mold during birth.

Skull Bones Overview

Key bones include frontal, parietal (2), occipital, temporal (2), sphenoid, and ethmoid.
Coronal Suture: Where frontal and parietal bones meet.
Squamous Suture: Between temporal and parietal bones.
Lamboid Suture: Between occipital and parietal bones.
Sagittal Suture: Between the two parietal bones.

Specialized Features of Skull Bones

Mandible: Lower jawbone, contains features like the mandibular condyle and ramus.
Maxilla: Upper jaw, holds the alveolar margin for teeth.
Nasal Bone: Forms the bridge of the nose.
Lacrimal Bone: Contains the lacrimal fossa, involved in tear drainage.

Vertebral Column Overview

Atlas (C1): Unique structure with no body or spinous process.
Axis (C2): Features a prominent dens.
Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7): Distinguished by transverse foramina and bifid spinous processes.
Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12): Have demifacets for rib articulation.
Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5): Characterized by a large body, resembling a moose.

Vertebra Structure

Vertebral Foramen: Central hole for spinal cord.
Spinous Process: Projection at the back of the vertebra.
Transverse Process: Lateral projections for muscle attachment.
Superior Articular Process and Facet: Allow for articulation with adjacent vertebrae.
Intervertebral Foramen: Openings for nerves exiting the spinal column.

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Description

Explore essential bone markings with our flashcards, including terms like tuberosity, tubercle, and trochanter. Perfect for students studying anatomy, these cards provide clear definitions and aid in memory retention for key concepts in skeletal structure.