Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following sets includes only the movable bones of the skull?
Which of the following sets includes only the movable bones of the skull?
- Nasals, lacrimals, and vomer bones
- Maxilla, mandible, and zygomatic bones (correct)
- Temporal and sphenoid bones
- Frontal, parietal, and occipital bones
What structure is associated with the pterion and can cause an epidural hematoma when injured?
What structure is associated with the pterion and can cause an epidural hematoma when injured?
- Frontal sinus
- Middle meningeal artery (correct)
- Superficial temporal vein
- Cerebral artery
Which bone is NOT involved in the formation of the nasal septum?
Which bone is NOT involved in the formation of the nasal septum?
- Vomer bone
- Ethmoid bone
- Cartilaginous septum
- Maxilla (correct)
What is a primary function of the zygomatic bones?
What is a primary function of the zygomatic bones?
Which suture runs between the frontal and parietal bones in the skull?
Which suture runs between the frontal and parietal bones in the skull?
Which of the following foramina is NOT found in the norma basalis externa?
Which of the following foramina is NOT found in the norma basalis externa?
Which feature does NOT belong to the norma occipitalis?
Which feature does NOT belong to the norma occipitalis?
What is the role of the nuchal lines in the norma occipitalis?
What is the role of the nuchal lines in the norma occipitalis?
Which bone is the only movable bone of the skull?
Which bone is the only movable bone of the skull?
A fracture of the pterion is likely to cause damage to which artery?
A fracture of the pterion is likely to cause damage to which artery?
Which bones contribute to the formation of the nasal septum?
Which bones contribute to the formation of the nasal septum?
What is the primary function of the facial bones in the skull?
What is the primary function of the facial bones in the skull?
Which of the following bones does not participate in forming the Norma Occipitalis?
Which of the following bones does not participate in forming the Norma Occipitalis?
Select the correct statement regarding scalp anatomy:
Select the correct statement regarding scalp anatomy:
Which of the following is NOT a sensory nerve to the scalp?
Which of the following is NOT a sensory nerve to the scalp?
What happens to a hematoma located deep to the occipito-frontalis muscle?
What happens to a hematoma located deep to the occipito-frontalis muscle?
Which of the following structures is not part of the norma frontalis view?
Which of the following structures is not part of the norma frontalis view?
Which suture is not visible in the norma verticalis?
Which suture is not visible in the norma verticalis?
Which is true regarding the foramen ovale in the skull?
Which is true regarding the foramen ovale in the skull?
What is the function of the foramen spinosum within the skull?
What is the function of the foramen spinosum within the skull?
Which statement is incorrect concerning the internal acoustic meatus in the skull?
Which statement is incorrect concerning the internal acoustic meatus in the skull?
What does the foramen magnum allow?
What does the foramen magnum allow?
Which of the following is not correct about the jugular foramen?
Which of the following is not correct about the jugular foramen?
Which statement concerning the middle cranial fossa is incorrect?
Which statement concerning the middle cranial fossa is incorrect?
Flashcards
Foramen Oval Location and Function
Foramen Oval Location and Function
Located in the petrous part of the temporal bone, allows exit of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.
Foramen Spinosum Function and Location
Foramen Spinosum Function and Location
Located in the sphenoid bone, allows entrance of the middle meningeal artery.
Internal Acoustic Meatus Contents
Internal Acoustic Meatus Contents
Located in the temporal bone, allows passage of the vestibulocochlear and facial nerves.
Foramen Magnum Function
Foramen Magnum Function
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Jugular Foramen Contents and Location
Jugular Foramen Contents and Location
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Middle Cranial Fossa - Optic Chiasma
Middle Cranial Fossa - Optic Chiasma
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Norma Verticalis - Missing Suture
Norma Verticalis - Missing Suture
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Norma Frontalis - Missing Structure
Norma Frontalis - Missing Structure
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Innervation of Occipitofrontalis muscle
Innervation of Occipitofrontalis muscle
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Scalp wound bleeding
Scalp wound bleeding
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Frontal belly of Occipitofrontalis innervation
Frontal belly of Occipitofrontalis innervation
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Sensory scalp nerves
Sensory scalp nerves
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Epidural hematoma cause
Epidural hematoma cause
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Movable skull bone
Movable skull bone
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Nasal septum bones
Nasal septum bones
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Facial bones' function
Facial bones' function
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Norma Verticalis suture
Norma Verticalis suture
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Norma Basalis Externa Part B Foramina
Norma Basalis Externa Part B Foramina
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Significance of Nuchal Lines
Significance of Nuchal Lines
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Paired Cranium Bones (except)
Paired Cranium Bones (except)
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Norma Occipitalis Features (except)
Norma Occipitalis Features (except)
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Norma Basalis Externa Features (except)
Norma Basalis Externa Features (except)
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Norma Basalis Externa Part B Foramina (except)
Norma Basalis Externa Part B Foramina (except)
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Single Adult Skull Bones(except)
Single Adult Skull Bones(except)
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Study Notes
Face
- Patient presented with burning/boiling sensation in face.
- Possible diagnoses: occipital neuralgia, facial palsy, trigeminal neuralgia, multiple sclerosis.
- Pulsations felt above zygomatic arch, in front of the ear are from the superficial temporal artery.
- Patient lost cutaneous sensation over angle of mandible; the likely injured nerve is the great auricular nerve.
- A branch of the facial artery is the transverse facial artery.
- Muscles not supplied by facial nerve: anterior belly of digastric.
Scalp
- Nerves supplying occipital belly of occipito-frontalis muscle: posterior auricular branch of facial nerve.
- Branch of internal carotid artery supplying scalp: superficial temporal artery.
- Veins connecting inside to outside of scalp: emissary veins.
- Nerves not supplying scalp: auriculotemporal nerve.
- Layers containing vessels and nerves of scalp: skin, connective tissue, aponeurotic, loose areolar tissue layer.
- Layer of scalp for cranial cavity infection spread: pericranium.
- Arteries supplying scalp (except): infratrochlear artery.
- Muscles innervated by greater occipital nerve.
- Horizontal skin tension lines of forehead: determined by occipito-frontalis muscle.
- Muscle innervated by great auricular nerve.
Skull
- Fracture of pterion leads to epidural hematoma; middle meningeal artery is most likely affected.
- The only movable bone of the skull: mandible.
- Bones of nasal septum: nasal and vomer.
- Primary function of facial bones: surround and protect brain, form nasal cavity, orbits, support teeth.
- Bones forming norma occipitalis: parietal, temporal, occipital.
Neck Viscera
- Fascia enclosing thyroid gland: pretracheal fascia.
- Shape of thyroid gland lobes: oval.
- Structures that move with swallowing due to enclosure by fascia: carotid sheath, superficial fascia, pretracheal fascia, prevertebral fascia.
- Arterial supply of thyroid gland: common carotid artery, superior thyroid, inferior thyroid, thyroidea ima arteries.
- Vein draining thyroid into left brachiocephalic vein: inferior thyroid vein.
- Apex of thyroid extends up to: oblique line of thyroid cartilage.
- Lymphatic drainage destinations: deep cervical and submental nodes, paratracheal and deep cervical nodes, pretracheal and submandibular nodes, submandibular and occipital nodes.
- Nerve closely related to medial surface of thyroid gland: recurrent laryngeal nerve.
- Where trachea bifurcates: sternal angle.
- Structure anterior to trachea: esophagus.
- Structure lateral to trachea: carotid sheath.
- Fascia covering trachea: pretracheal fascia.
- Length of esophagus: 25-30 cm (10-12 inches).
- Arterial supply to cervical esophagus (derived from): inferior thyroid artery.
- Nerve supply of cervical esophagus (provided by): recurrent laryngeal and sympathetic trunk.
- Structure posterior to cervical esophagus: vertebral column.
General
- Symptoms from face can spread to the cavernous sinus via the superior ophthalmic vein.
- Common facial vein drains into the internal jugular vein.
- Sensations from the skin of the lower eyelid are carried by the infraorbital nerve.
- Superficial temporal and maxillary veins join to form the retromandibular vein.
- The frontal belly of the occipito-frontalis muscle is supplied by the supratrochlear nerve.
- Superficial temporal artery is a branch of the external carotid artery.
- The facial artery lies anterior to the facial vein.
- The facial artery pulsation is palpable against the mandible.
- The facial artery divides into supraorbital and supratrocheal branches.
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