Facial Anatomy and Nerve Functions

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Questions and Answers

Which nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the face, except for the posterior scalp and everything posterior/inferior to the mandible?

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) (correct)

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

What type of fibers does the trigeminal nerve (CN V) have?

sensory (GSA) and motor (GSE) fibers

The motor innervation of the face is primarily supplied by the facial nerve (CN VII) and the ______ nerve (CN V3).

trigeminal

Bell's Palsy is characterized by the paralysis of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).

False Signup and view all the answers

What can cause trigeminal neuralgia?

Compression of CN V Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the cutaneous innervation of the face (except for posterior scalp and everything posterior/inferior to mandible)?

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) is sensory and motor, responsible for muscles of mastication and tensor twins?

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the motor innervation of the face for muscles of facial expression?

Facial nerve (CN VII) Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by paralysis of CN VII?

Bell's Palsy Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition that results from the compression of CN V, causing extreme pain especially with chewing or brushing teeth?

Trigeminal neuralgia Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression?

CN VII Signup and view all the answers

Where does the trigeminal nerve (CN V) originate from?

pons Signup and view all the answers

The facial artery may be hard to find during a pulse examination on the face and scalp due to its ____

location Signup and view all the answers

Bell's Palsy is characterized by paralysis of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).

False Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies sensory and motor fibers to the face?

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Signup and view all the answers

Name the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).

Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1), Maxillary nerve (CN V2), Mandibular nerve (CN V3) Signup and view all the answers

The __ nerve serves as a major highway system for other fiber types.

trigeminal Signup and view all the answers

Bell's Palsy is characterized by the paralysis of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

False Signup and view all the answers

Match the following facial nerve branches with their names:

Temporal branch = CN VII Zygomatic branch = CN VII Buccal branch = CN VII Marginal branch = CN VII Cervical branch = CN VII Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for supplying cutaneous innervation to the face?

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensory and motor functions, including muscles of mastication?

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) Signup and view all the answers

The __________ nerve arises from the pons and supplies motor innervation to the face for muscles of facial expression.

facial Signup and view all the answers

Bell's Palsy is characterized by the paralysis of the trigeminal nerve (CN V).

False Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve supplies the cutaneous innervation of the face except for the posterior scalp and everything posterior/inferior to the mandible?

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) supplies sensory and motor fibers for muscles of mastication and tensor twins?

Mandibular nerve (CN V3) Signup and view all the answers

The motor innervation of the face is supplied by trigeminal nerve (CN V).

False Signup and view all the answers

Tensor is responsible for opening and closing the Eustachian tube.

veli palatini Signup and view all the answers

Match the facial nerve branches with their names:

Temporal branch of CN VII = Temporal Zygomatic branch of CN VII = Zygomatic Buccal branch of CN VII = Buccal Marginal branch of CN VII = Marginal Cervical branch of CN VII = Cervical Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition characterized by the paralysis of CN VII?

Bell's Palsy Signup and view all the answers

What can cause trigeminal neuralgia?

Compression of CN V (aberrant artery, tumor, cyst, MS, brain lesions, etc) Signup and view all the answers

Which artery can be hard to find but is associated with the face?

Facial artery Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the face?

Facial nerve (CN VII) Signup and view all the answers

What are the names of the branches given off by the facial nerve (CN VII) to the face?

Temporal branch, Zygomatic branch, Buccal branch, Marginal branch, Cervical branch Signup and view all the answers

Bell's Palsy is characterized by the paralysis of cranial nerve _?

VII Signup and view all the answers

Trigeminal neuralgia can be caused by tumors compressing the trigeminal nerve (CN V).

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scalp and Face

Cutaneous innervation of the scalp is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CN V), except for the posterior scalp and areas posterior/inferior to the mandible.
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) has both sensory (GSA) and motor (GSE) fibers and originates from the pons.

Facial Muscles

Facial muscles include muscles of facial expression (innervated by CN VII) and muscles of mastication (innervated by CN V3).
Muscles of mastication include:
- Masseter m.
- Temporalis m.
- Medial and lateral pterygoid mm.
Tensor twins, innervated by CN V3, include:
- Tensor veli palatini m. (opens and closes the Eustachian tube)
- Tensor tympani m. (tenses the tympanic membrane to dampen sound)

Facial Nerve

Motor innervation of the face is supplied by the facial nerve (CN VII) and trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
Facial nerve (CN VII) originates from the pons and has GSE fibers and parasympathetic (GVE) fibers.
CN VII forms the parotid plexus in the parotid gland and gives off 5 branches:
- Temporal branch of CN VII
- Zygomatic branch of CN VII
- Buccal branch of CN VII
- Marginal branch of CN VII
- Cervical branch of CN VII

Arteries of Face

Most arteries of the face branch off from the external carotid artery.

Lymphatics of Face and Scalp

No specific details mentioned.

Clinical Correlations

Bell's Palsy: paralysis of CN VII due to inflammation, often caused by herpes simplex, other viral causes, pregnancy, or idiopathic factors.
Trigeminal neuralgia: compression of CN V, often caused by aberrant artery, tumor, cyst, MS, or brain lesions, resulting in extreme pain triggered by chewing, brushing teeth, etc.

Pulses of Face and Scalp

Superficial temporal artery is a palpable pulse.
Facial artery is also present, but can be hard to find.

Scalp and Face

Cutaneous innervation of the scalp is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CN V), except for the posterior scalp and areas posterior/inferior to the mandible.
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) has both sensory (GSA) and motor (GSE) fibers and originates from the pons.

Facial Muscles

Facial muscles include muscles of facial expression (innervated by CN VII) and muscles of mastication (innervated by CN V3).
Muscles of mastication include:
- Masseter m.
- Temporalis m.
- Medial and lateral pterygoid mm.
Tensor twins, innervated by CN V3, include:
- Tensor veli palatini m. (opens and closes the Eustachian tube)
- Tensor tympani m. (tenses the tympanic membrane to dampen sound)

Facial Nerve

Motor innervation of the face is supplied by the facial nerve (CN VII) and trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
Facial nerve (CN VII) originates from the pons and has GSE fibers and parasympathetic (GVE) fibers.
CN VII forms the parotid plexus in the parotid gland and gives off 5 branches:
- Temporal branch of CN VII
- Zygomatic branch of CN VII
- Buccal branch of CN VII
- Marginal branch of CN VII
- Cervical branch of CN VII

Arteries of Face

Most arteries of the face branch off from the external carotid artery.

Lymphatics of Face and Scalp

No specific details mentioned.

Clinical Correlations

Bell's Palsy: paralysis of CN VII due to inflammation, often caused by herpes simplex, other viral causes, pregnancy, or idiopathic factors.
Trigeminal neuralgia: compression of CN V, often caused by aberrant artery, tumor, cyst, MS, or brain lesions, resulting in extreme pain triggered by chewing, brushing teeth, etc.

Pulses of Face and Scalp

Superficial temporal artery is a palpable pulse.
Facial artery is also present, but can be hard to find.

Scalp and Face

Cutaneous innervation of the scalp is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CN V), except for the posterior scalp and areas posterior/inferior to the mandible.
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) has both sensory (GSA) and motor (GSE) fibers and originates from the pons.

Facial Muscles

Facial muscles include muscles of facial expression (innervated by CN VII) and muscles of mastication (innervated by CN V3).
Muscles of mastication include:
- Masseter m.
- Temporalis m.
- Medial and lateral pterygoid mm.
Tensor twins, innervated by CN V3, include:
- Tensor veli palatini m. (opens and closes the Eustachian tube)
- Tensor tympani m. (tenses the tympanic membrane to dampen sound)

Facial Nerve

Motor innervation of the face is supplied by the facial nerve (CN VII) and trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
Facial nerve (CN VII) originates from the pons and has GSE fibers and parasympathetic (GVE) fibers.
CN VII forms the parotid plexus in the parotid gland and gives off 5 branches:
- Temporal branch of CN VII
- Zygomatic branch of CN VII
- Buccal branch of CN VII
- Marginal branch of CN VII
- Cervical branch of CN VII

Arteries of Face

Most arteries of the face branch off from the external carotid artery.

Lymphatics of Face and Scalp

No specific details mentioned.

Clinical Correlations

Bell's Palsy: paralysis of CN VII due to inflammation, often caused by herpes simplex, other viral causes, pregnancy, or idiopathic factors.
Trigeminal neuralgia: compression of CN V, often caused by aberrant artery, tumor, cyst, MS, or brain lesions, resulting in extreme pain triggered by chewing, brushing teeth, etc.

Pulses of Face and Scalp

Superficial temporal artery is a palpable pulse.
Facial artery is also present, but can be hard to find.

Scalp and Face

Cutaneous innervation of the scalp is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CN V), except for the posterior scalp and areas posterior/inferior to the mandible.
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) has both sensory (GSA) and motor (GSE) fibers and originates from the pons.

Facial Muscles

Facial muscles include muscles of facial expression (innervated by CN VII) and muscles of mastication (innervated by CN V3).
Muscles of mastication include:
- Masseter m.
- Temporalis m.
- Medial and lateral pterygoid mm.
Tensor twins, innervated by CN V3, include:
- Tensor veli palatini m. (opens and closes the Eustachian tube)
- Tensor tympani m. (tenses the tympanic membrane to dampen sound)

Facial Nerve

Motor innervation of the face is supplied by the facial nerve (CN VII) and trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
Facial nerve (CN VII) originates from the pons and has GSE fibers and parasympathetic (GVE) fibers.
CN VII forms the parotid plexus in the parotid gland and gives off 5 branches:
- Temporal branch of CN VII
- Zygomatic branch of CN VII
- Buccal branch of CN VII
- Marginal branch of CN VII
- Cervical branch of CN VII

Arteries of Face

Most arteries of the face branch off from the external carotid artery.

Lymphatics of Face and Scalp

No specific details mentioned.

Clinical Correlations

Bell's Palsy: paralysis of CN VII due to inflammation, often caused by herpes simplex, other viral causes, pregnancy, or idiopathic factors.
Trigeminal neuralgia: compression of CN V, often caused by aberrant artery, tumor, cyst, MS, or brain lesions, resulting in extreme pain triggered by chewing, brushing teeth, etc.

Pulses of Face and Scalp

Superficial temporal artery is a palpable pulse.
Facial artery is also present, but can be hard to find.

Scalp and Face

Cutaneous innervation of the scalp is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CN V), except for the posterior scalp and areas posterior/inferior to the mandible.
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) has both sensory (GSA) and motor (GSE) fibers and originates from the pons.

Facial Muscles

Facial muscles include muscles of facial expression (innervated by CN VII) and muscles of mastication (innervated by CN V3).
Muscles of mastication include:
- Masseter m.
- Temporalis m.
- Medial and lateral pterygoid mm.
Tensor twins, innervated by CN V3, include:
- Tensor veli palatini m. (opens and closes the Eustachian tube)
- Tensor tympani m. (tenses the tympanic membrane to dampen sound)

Facial Nerve

Motor innervation of the face is supplied by the facial nerve (CN VII) and trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
Facial nerve (CN VII) originates from the pons and has GSE fibers and parasympathetic (GVE) fibers.
CN VII forms the parotid plexus in the parotid gland and gives off 5 branches:
- Temporal branch of CN VII
- Zygomatic branch of CN VII
- Buccal branch of CN VII
- Marginal branch of CN VII
- Cervical branch of CN VII

Arteries of Face

Most arteries of the face branch off from the external carotid artery.

Lymphatics of Face and Scalp

No specific details mentioned.

Clinical Correlations

Bell's Palsy: paralysis of CN VII due to inflammation, often caused by herpes simplex, other viral causes, pregnancy, or idiopathic factors.
Trigeminal neuralgia: compression of CN V, often caused by aberrant artery, tumor, cyst, MS, or brain lesions, resulting in extreme pain triggered by chewing, brushing teeth, etc.

Pulses of Face and Scalp

Superficial temporal artery is a palpable pulse.
Facial artery is also present, but can be hard to find.

Scalp and Face

Cutaneous innervation of the scalp is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CN V), except for the posterior scalp and areas posterior/inferior to the mandible.
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) has both sensory (GSA) and motor (GSE) fibers and originates from the pons.

Facial Muscles

Facial muscles include muscles of facial expression (innervated by CN VII) and muscles of mastication (innervated by CN V3).
Muscles of mastication include:
- Masseter m.
- Temporalis m.
- Medial and lateral pterygoid mm.
Tensor twins, innervated by CN V3, include:
- Tensor veli palatini m. (opens and closes the Eustachian tube)
- Tensor tympani m. (tenses the tympanic membrane to dampen sound)

Facial Nerve

Motor innervation of the face is supplied by the facial nerve (CN VII) and trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
Facial nerve (CN VII) originates from the pons and has GSE fibers and parasympathetic (GVE) fibers.
CN VII forms the parotid plexus in the parotid gland and gives off 5 branches:
- Temporal branch of CN VII
- Zygomatic branch of CN VII
- Buccal branch of CN VII
- Marginal branch of CN VII
- Cervical branch of CN VII

Arteries of Face

Most arteries of the face branch off from the external carotid artery.

Lymphatics of Face and Scalp

No specific details mentioned.

Clinical Correlations

Bell's Palsy: paralysis of CN VII due to inflammation, often caused by herpes simplex, other viral causes, pregnancy, or idiopathic factors.
Trigeminal neuralgia: compression of CN V, often caused by aberrant artery, tumor, cyst, MS, or brain lesions, resulting in extreme pain triggered by chewing, brushing teeth, etc.

Pulses of Face and Scalp

Superficial temporal artery is a palpable pulse.
Facial artery is also present, but can be hard to find.

Scalp and Face

Cutaneous innervation of the scalp is supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CN V), except for the posterior scalp and areas posterior/inferior to the mandible.
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) has both sensory (GSA) and motor (GSE) fibers and originates from the pons.

Facial Muscles

Facial muscles include muscles of facial expression (innervated by CN VII) and muscles of mastication (innervated by CN V3).
Muscles of mastication include:
- Masseter m.
- Temporalis m.
- Medial and lateral pterygoid mm.
Tensor twins, innervated by CN V3, include:
- Tensor veli palatini m. (opens and closes the Eustachian tube)
- Tensor tympani m. (tenses the tympanic membrane to dampen sound)

Facial Nerve

Motor innervation of the face is supplied by the facial nerve (CN VII) and trigeminal nerve (CN V3).
Facial nerve (CN VII) originates from the pons and has GSE fibers and parasympathetic (GVE) fibers.
CN VII forms the parotid plexus in the parotid gland and gives off 5 branches:
- Temporal branch of CN VII
- Zygomatic branch of CN VII
- Buccal branch of CN VII
- Marginal branch of CN VII
- Cervical branch of CN VII

Arteries of Face

Most arteries of the face branch off from the external carotid artery.

Lymphatics of Face and Scalp

No specific details mentioned.

Clinical Correlations

Bell's Palsy: paralysis of CN VII due to inflammation, often caused by herpes simplex, other viral causes, pregnancy, or idiopathic factors.
Trigeminal neuralgia: compression of CN V, often caused by aberrant artery, tumor, cyst, MS, or brain lesions, resulting in extreme pain triggered by chewing, brushing teeth, etc.

Pulses of Face and Scalp

Superficial temporal artery is a palpable pulse.
Facial artery is also present, but can be hard to find.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy of the face and scalp, including facial muscles and nerve functions, specifically the trigeminal nerve and its divisions. It's designed for PA program students at Mercy College of Ohio.