Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for sensory innervation of the face and motor innervation of the muscles of mastication?
Which cranial nerve is primarily responsible for sensory innervation of the face and motor innervation of the muscles of mastication?
- Abducens nerve (CN VI)
- Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V) (correct)
- Facial nerve (CN VII)
The ophthalmic branch (V1) of the trigeminal nerve exits the cranial cavity through which foramen?
The ophthalmic branch (V1) of the trigeminal nerve exits the cranial cavity through which foramen?
- Superior orbital fissure (correct)
- Jugular foramen
- Internal acoustic meatus
- Foramen rotundum
- Foramen ovale
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of the trigeminal nerve?
- Maxillary (V2)
- Ophthalmic (V1)
- Cervical (correct)
- All are branches of the trigeminal nerve
- Mandibular (V3)
The Gasserian ganglion, which houses the cell bodies of sensory neurons for the trigeminal nerve, is located in:
The Gasserian ganglion, which houses the cell bodies of sensory neurons for the trigeminal nerve, is located in:
Which trigeminal nucleus is primarily responsible for carrying pain and temperature sensation from the face?
Which trigeminal nucleus is primarily responsible for carrying pain and temperature sensation from the face?
The corneal reflex, involving blinking in response to corneal touch, has which cranial nerve as its sensory component?
The corneal reflex, involving blinking in response to corneal touch, has which cranial nerve as its sensory component?
What is the primary motor nerve responsible for the efferent limb of the corneal reflex, causing eye closure?
What is the primary motor nerve responsible for the efferent limb of the corneal reflex, causing eye closure?
Trigeminal neuralgia is often characterized by:
Trigeminal neuralgia is often characterized by:
Which muscle of mastication is responsible for elevating and retracting the mandible?
Which muscle of mastication is responsible for elevating and retracting the mandible?
The facial nerve (CN VII) is responsible for:
The facial nerve (CN VII) is responsible for:
Which component of the facial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland?
Which component of the facial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland?
Taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is carried by which cranial nerve?
Taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is carried by which cranial nerve?
A lesion at the cerebellopontine angle is MOST likely to affect which cranial nerves?
A lesion at the cerebellopontine angle is MOST likely to affect which cranial nerves?
Bell's palsy, characterized by unilateral facial paralysis, is due to dysfunction of which cranial nerve?
Bell's palsy, characterized by unilateral facial paralysis, is due to dysfunction of which cranial nerve?
In upper motor neuron (UMN) facial nerve palsy, which part of the face is typically spared due to bilateral cortical innervation?
In upper motor neuron (UMN) facial nerve palsy, which part of the face is typically spared due to bilateral cortical innervation?
The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) is primarily responsible for:
The vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) is primarily responsible for:
Which part of the inner ear is responsible for detecting linear acceleration of the head?
Which part of the inner ear is responsible for detecting linear acceleration of the head?
The auditory pathway involves a relay in which structure of the midbrain?
The auditory pathway involves a relay in which structure of the midbrain?
Sensorineural hearing loss due to cochlear damage typically results in:
Sensorineural hearing loss due to cochlear damage typically results in:
Vestibular neuritis primarily affects which part of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Vestibular neuritis primarily affects which part of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with vestibular neuritis?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with vestibular neuritis?
Damage to the base of the skull in the posterior cranial fossa can potentially affect which cranial nerves?
Damage to the base of the skull in the posterior cranial fossa can potentially affect which cranial nerves?
Which of the following muscles is responsible for pursing the lips?
Which of the following muscles is responsible for pursing the lips?
The jaw-jerk reflex is mediated by which cranial nerve?
The jaw-jerk reflex is mediated by which cranial nerve?
Which branch of the facial nerve is most likely to be affected in parotid gland surgery due to its passage through the gland?
Which branch of the facial nerve is most likely to be affected in parotid gland surgery due to its passage through the gland?
If a patient presents with loss of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, decreased lacrimation, and facial paralysis, where is the MOST likely location of the lesion along the facial nerve pathway?
If a patient presents with loss of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, decreased lacrimation, and facial paralysis, where is the MOST likely location of the lesion along the facial nerve pathway?
A patient presents with vertigo and nystagmus, but no hearing loss. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
A patient presents with vertigo and nystagmus, but no hearing loss. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature differentiating between UMN and LMN facial nerve palsy?
Which of the following is a characteristic feature differentiating between UMN and LMN facial nerve palsy?
Which of the following statements about the mandibular nerve (V3) is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about the mandibular nerve (V3) is FALSE?
A patient is unable to wrinkle their forehead on the right side, but can wrinkle it on the left. They also have drooping of the right corner of their mouth. This presentation is MOST consistent with:
A patient is unable to wrinkle their forehead on the right side, but can wrinkle it on the left. They also have drooping of the right corner of their mouth. This presentation is MOST consistent with:
Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in eye movements?
Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in eye movements?
Which of the following is LEAST likely to cause sensorineural hearing loss?
Which of the following is LEAST likely to cause sensorineural hearing loss?
In the auditory pathway, where does the first binaural processing of sound information occur?
In the auditory pathway, where does the first binaural processing of sound information occur?
A lesion of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve would MOST significantly impair:
A lesion of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve would MOST significantly impair:
Which of the following symptoms would be LEAST expected following complete transection of the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen?
Which of the following symptoms would be LEAST expected following complete transection of the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen?
Which of the following structures is responsible for transducing sound vibrations into neural signals?
Which of the following structures is responsible for transducing sound vibrations into neural signals?
Flashcards
CN V - Trigeminal Nerve
CN V - Trigeminal Nerve
The Trigeminal Nerve (CN V); divides into ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches upon exiting the cranial cavity.
Gasserian ganglion
Gasserian ganglion
Sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve; located in the trigeminal cave; gives rise to the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve.
CN V1 - Ophthalmic br
CN V1 - Ophthalmic br
The ophthalmic branch of CN V; progresses distally and exits the skull via the superior orbital fissure.
CN V2 - Maxillary br
CN V2 - Maxillary br
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CN V3 - Mandibular br
CN V3 - Mandibular br
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Mesencephalic nucleus
Mesencephalic nucleus
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Main sensory nucleus
Main sensory nucleus
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Spinal nucleus of V
Spinal nucleus of V
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Corneal Reflex
Corneal Reflex
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Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia
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Muscles of mastication
Muscles of mastication
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CN VII- Facial Nerve
CN VII- Facial Nerve
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Solitary nucleus and tract
Solitary nucleus and tract
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Facial Nerve location
Facial Nerve location
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CN VII - Lesions
CN VII - Lesions
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Cerebello-Pontine (CP) Angle
Cerebello-Pontine (CP) Angle
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Facial nerve terminal branches
Facial nerve terminal branches
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Frontalis
Frontalis
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Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oculi
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Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor
Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor
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UMN vs LMN facial Nerve palsy
UMN vs LMN facial Nerve palsy
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CN VIII- Vestibulocochlear Nerve
CN VIII- Vestibulocochlear Nerve
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Semicircular canals
Semicircular canals
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skull fracture
skull fracture
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Cochlea
Cochlea
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Study Notes
CN V - Trigeminal Nerve
- Emerges from the pons and enters the middle cranial fossa
- It divides into three branches before exiting the cranial cavity
- Ophthalmic (V1) exits via the superior orbital fissure
- Maxillary (V2) exits via the foramen rotundum
- Mandibular (V3) exits via the foramen ovale, not passing through the cavernous sinus
- The nerve supplies the lower jaw, lower teeth, and muscles of mastication
CN V - Nuclei and Sensory Innervation
- Branches of CN V are used by Parasympathetic cranial nerves to distribute parasympathetic fibres to the head region
- Ophthalmic N (V1) supplies the upper face and forehead
- Also facilitates the corneal reflex
- Maxillary N (V2) supples the mid face and upper jaw
- Mandibular N (V3) supplies the lower face and jaw
- It is the only branch with both motor and sensory components
Clinical Testing of CN V
- Pin prick/ touch with cotton wool test the 3 territories of the face
- The corneal reflex tests facial muscle innervation
- Not routinely tested unless sensory impairment
- Sensations on the tongue are not routinely tested
Corneal Reflex
- Operates at the level of the Pons
- A protective reflex against foreign bodies touching the cornea
- Sensory component is the main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
- Motor component is in the Ophthalmic nerve
Herpes Zoster and Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Herpes Zoster (Shingles) shows a characteristic rash
- Vesicular, dermatomal pattern, and will not cross the midline
- Opthalmic division impacts forehead, scalp, upper face, and cornea
- Maxillary nerve affects the cheeks, nose, and upper lip
- Trigeminal neuralgia is caused by vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve
- Experience severe pain in bursts from mild stimuli
- Treated with Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
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