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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi?

  • They reproduce by forming spores, budding, or fission (correct)
  • They have division of cells into organs or tissues
  • They are single-celled organisms
  • They have a hard cell wall made up of chitin and glucan

    • How are fungi classified based on morphology?

  • By growth form and by type of infection (correct)
  • By nature of patients
  • By body site of infection
  • By type of transmission

    • What is an example of a yeast?

  • Candida albicans (correct)
  • Histoplasma
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii
  • Ringworm

    • Which type of fungal infection occurs on the skin?

    <p>Superficial mycoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of patients are more susceptible to fungal infections?

    <p>Immunocompromised patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vector for transmission of malaria parasites?

    <p>Mosquitoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the basic units of fungi?

    <p>Hyphae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fungi can exist as both yeast and mould forms?

    <p>Dimorphic fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Pneumocystis jirovecii?

    <p>Yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes lymphatic filariasis?

    <p>Wuchereria bancrofti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes clonorchiasis?

    <p>Clonorchis sinensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes diphyllobothriasis?

    <p>Diphyllobothrium latum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes taeniasis?

    <p>Taenia solium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes cysticercosis?

    <p>Taenia solium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vector transmits malaria?

    <p>Mosquitoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes pediculosis?

    <p>Lice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes bedbug infestations?

    <p>Bedbugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes scabies?

    <p>Scabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes malaria?

    <p>Plasmodium falciparum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathogens is responsible for tinea (ringworm) infections?

    <p>Trichophyton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of infection caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii?

    <p>Pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common hospital-acquired fungal pathogen?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal infection is associated with AIDS and is an AIDS-defining illness in Southeast Asia?

    <p>Talaromycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staining method is used to confirm the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?

    <p>Methenamine silver stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staining method is used to visualize non-septate hyphae of Mucor species?

    <p>Methenamine silver stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoa is responsible for causing malaria?

    <p>Plasmodium spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fungi is responsible for causing aspergillosis?

    <p>Aspergillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites causes giardiasis?

    <p>Giardia lamblia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is most commonly affected by infective arthritis?

    <p>Knee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the clinical features of infective arthritis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is the most common cause of infective arthritis in most age groups?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals are more susceptible to acute bacterial arthritis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the differential diagnosis for infective arthritis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic method of choice for infective arthritis?

    <p>Diagnostic synovial fluid aspirate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common pathogen causing infective arthritis in most age groups?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which crystal is associated with gouty arthritis?

    <p>Monosodium urate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of Pneumocystis jirovecii?

    <p>Fungus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is least commonly affected by infective arthritis?

    <p>Ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a defence mechanism of the normal skin against infection?

    <p>Changes in the local environment of the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common organism found on the skin?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of skin and soft tissue infection?

    <p>Dermatophytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of osteomyelitis?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of infective arthritis?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common organism causing dermatophytosis (ringworm)?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic method for dermatophytosis (ringworm)?

    <p>Culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of tinea faciei?

    <p>Trichophyton rubrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common organism found on the skin?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of cellulitis?

    <p>Can be caused by trauma or underlying skin lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection is characterized by the extension of necrotic tissue under the skin?

    <p>Carbuncle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is commonly associated with Type I necrotizing fasciitis?

    <p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative agent of pyomyositis?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surgery is commonly associated with infections caused by Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae?

    <p>Abdominal and pelvic surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative agent of hospital-acquired osteomyelitis?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of bone is involved in osteomyelitis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality is most suitable for diagnosing osteomyelitis?

    <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reliable method for microbiological diagnosis of osteomyelitis?

    <p>Biopsy of the bone lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arthritis is characterized by inflammation of a single joint?

    <p>Monoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections?

    <p>Micrococcus spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for surgical wound infection?

    <p>Rapid cell turnover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative agent of osteomyelitis?

    <p>Staphylococcus spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative agent of infective arthritis?

    <p>Staphylococcus spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of normal skin defense against infection?

    <p>Alteration of normal skin flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of tinea faciei?

    <p>Trichophyton spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reliable method for diagnosing osteomyelitis?

    <p>Culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of cellulitis?

    <p>Superficial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of gouty arthritis?

    <p>Presence of tophi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common causative agent of cellulitis?

    <p>Streptococcus pyogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative agent of pyoderma?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of necrotizing fasciitis?

    <p>Thrombosis of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative agent of osteomyelitis associated with prosthetic implants?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative agent of hospital-acquired osteomyelitis?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of acute osteomyelitis?

    <p>Involves periosteum, medullary cavity, and cortical bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality is most suitable for diagnosing osteomyelitis?

    <p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reliable method for microbiological diagnosis of osteomyelitis?

    <p>Biopsy of the bone lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative agent of infective arthritis?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative agent of infective arthritis in prosthetic joints?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common pathogen causing infective arthritis in most age groups?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arthritis is NOT associated with infective arthritis?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is least commonly affected by infective arthritis?

    <p>Shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of infective arthritis?

    <p>Rheumatoid arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is commonly associated with acute bacterial arthritis in intravenous drug addicts?

    <p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is commonly associated with disseminated gonococcal infection?

    <p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is NOT commonly found on the skin?

    <p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is commonly associated with Type I necrotizing fasciitis?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of bone is involved in osteomyelitis?

    <p>Subchondral bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common causative agent of hospital-acquired osteomyelitis?

    <p>Gram negative bacilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Characteristics of Fungi

    • Fungi can be classified based on morphology
    • Basic units of fungi are hyphae
    • Dimorphic fungi can exist as both yeast and mold forms

    Types of Fungal Infections

    • Skin infections: fungal infections that occur on the skin, such as tinea (ringworm)
    • Fungal infections are more susceptible in patients with compromised immune systems
    • Example of a yeast: Candida

    Protozoa and Parasites

    • Vector for transmission of malaria parasites: mosquitoes
    • Plasmodium is responsible for causing malaria
    • Pneumocystis jirovecii is a fungus that causes pneumonia, particularly in AIDS patients
    • Wuchereria bancrofti causes lymphatic filariasis
    • Clonorchis sinensis causes clonorchiasis
    • Diphyllobothrium latum causes diphyllobothriasis
    • Taenia saginata causes taeniasis
    • Taenia solium causes cysticercosis
    • Pediculosis is caused by lice
    • Bedbug infestations are caused by Cimex lectularius
    • Scabies is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei

    Fungal Infections and AIDS

    • Pneumocystis jirovecii is a common opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, particularly in Southeast Asia
    • Staining method to confirm diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: methenamine silver stain

    Infective Arthritis

    • Most common pathogen causing infective arthritis: Staphylococcus aureus
    • Susceptible groups: elderly, children, and patients with compromised immune systems
    • Clinical features: joint pain, swelling, and redness
    • Differential diagnosis: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and reactive arthritis
    • Diagnostic method of choice: joint aspiration and culture
    • Joint most commonly affected: knee

    Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

    • Normal skin defense mechanisms: intact skin barrier, skin pH, and normal flora
    • Common causative agents: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli
    • Type of infection characterized by extension of necrotic tissue under the skin: necrotizing fasciitis
    • Common causative agent of necrotizing fasciitis: Group A streptococcus
    • Type of surgery associated with infections caused by Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae: intra-abdominal surgery

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    Related Documents

    Medically Important Fungi and Parasites PDF
    Infections of Skin, Soft Tissues, and Musculoskeletal System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on medically important fungi and parasites with this quiz. Learn about their basic classification, morphology, and life cycles. Identify locally important examples of fungi and parasites that cause human infections. Gain an understanding of the types of infections caused by these organisms.

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