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Questions and Answers

Which function of language focuses on the content of the message?

Poetic

Expressive

Conative

Referential (correct)

The poetic function is only concerned with the content of a message.

False

Name one literary device that emphasizes the poetic function.

Rhyme

Jakobson's model includes ___ functions of language.

six Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of Jakobson's functions of language?

Performative Signup and view all the answers

Gérard Genette primarily focused on the visual aesthetics in literature.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'poetic function' emphasize in literary analysis?

The form of the message. Signup and view all the answers

Genette contributed to ___ theory, particularly through his work on narrative discourse.

narrative Signup and view all the answers

Match the following functions of language to their descriptions:

Referential = Focus on the message's content Expressive = Conveys the speaker’s emotions Conative = Aimed at influencing listener behavior Phatic = Ensures the communication channel is open Signup and view all the answers

In literature, the use of ___ and alliteration are examples of the poetic function.

metaphor Signup and view all the answers

What does 'narrative time' refer to in storytelling?

The sequence, duration, and frequency of events in a narrative Signup and view all the answers

An omniscient narrator has limited knowledge compared to the characters.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is focalization in narrative theory?

Focalization refers to the point of view from which narrative events are presented. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of close reading?

Detailed examination of language and structure Signup and view all the answers

Close reading relies heavily on external factors like authorial intent.

False Signup and view all the answers

An example of _____ focalization is when the narrator’s knowledge is limited to one character’s perspective.

internal Signup and view all the answers

Which type of narrator is a character within the story?

Internal narrator Signup and view all the answers

What does organic unity imply about the elements of a literary work?

Each element contributes to the overall unity and themes of the work. Signup and view all the answers

Frequency in narrative refers to how often events are repeated or summarized.

True Signup and view all the answers

In close reading, attention is paid to details such as ____, symbols, metaphors, and motifs.

imagery Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of modality in narrative.

Modality influences the perception of the reliability of the narrative by presenting events as factual, probable, or possible. Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts with their definitions:

Close Reading = Intensive analysis of a text's language and structure Organic Unity = A literary work functions as a unified whole Textual Details = Paying attention to smaller elements like symbols and motifs Formalist Criticism = Approach that prioritizes the text itself Signup and view all the answers

Genette’s narrative grammar provides tools for analyzing how stories are told, not just _____ stories are told.

what Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best exemplifies close reading?

Analyzing Shakespeare's use of light and dark imagery in Macbeth Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of narrator with their description:

Internal narrator = A character within the story External narrator = An observer not part of the story Omniscient narrator = Knows all aspects, including thoughts of characters Limited narrator = Knows only what characters know Signup and view all the answers

Organic unity suggests that all components of a literary work are independent and do not interact.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are two key characteristics of close reading?

Focus on language and examination of structural elements. Signup and view all the answers

The idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its ____ describes organic unity.

parts Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of literature does close reading intensively analyze?

Language, structure, and form Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Jakobson's Poetic Function

Roman Jakobson proposed a model of communication with six functions, including the poetic function.
The poetic function focuses on the form of the message—its structure, sound, and style—making the way something is said as significant as what is said.
This function is crucial in literary analysis, highlighting the aesthetic qualities of language, such as rhyme, meter, rhythm, metaphor, and alliteration.
The poetic function in literary works emphasizes that meaning is not simply conveyed through content but also through form and technique.

Genette's Narrative Grammar

Gérard Genette developed a framework for analyzing narrative structure.
Narrative time (tempo) examines the relationship between story time and narrative time, including order, duration, and frequency.
Narrative voice explores the perspective involved; distinguishing between internal and external narrators, and omniscient narrators.
Focalization refers to the perspective from which events are presented, with different types like zero, internal, and external focalization.
Modality explores how events are presented, whether as factual, probable, or possible, impacting the reader's perception of reliability.

Close Reading

Close reading involves intensive analysis of a text's language, structure, and form, focusing on details to uncover deeper meanings, without relying on outside factors like authorial intent.
Close reading emphasizes detailed examination of diction, syntax, tone, style, structure, and figurative language to understand the impact on the meaning.
This approach also pays attention to smaller elements like imagery, symbols, metaphors, and motifs to analyze their contributions to overall themes.

Organic Unity

Organic unity is a literary concept suggesting that a work is a unified whole where all parts contribute to the central themes.
Elements such as plot, characters, themes, and imagery work together in a cohesive manner, with each component supporting the whole.
The idea emphasizes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
It's frequently applied in conjunction with close reading to analyze how parts work together to create meaning.