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Questions and Answers
What is the definitive treatment for serous otitis media?
What is the definitive treatment for serous otitis media?
What is the recommended treatment for bacterial pharyngitis in children based on Centor criteria?
What is the recommended treatment for bacterial pharyngitis in children based on Centor criteria?
What are the risk factors for bacterial pharyngitis?
What are the risk factors for bacterial pharyngitis?
What is the recommended treatment for oral candidiasis in infants?
What is the recommended treatment for oral candidiasis in infants?
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Which symptom is not associated with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?
Which symptom is not associated with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?
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What is the recommended treatment duration for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults?
What is the recommended treatment duration for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in adults?
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What is a risk factor for chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis?
What is a risk factor for chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis?
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Which symptom is characteristic of allergic rhinitis?
Which symptom is characteristic of allergic rhinitis?
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What is a common physical exam finding in allergic rhinitis?
What is a common physical exam finding in allergic rhinitis?
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What is a symptom of viral conjunctivitis?
What is a symptom of viral conjunctivitis?
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What should be checked to diagnose viral conjunctivitis?
What should be checked to diagnose viral conjunctivitis?
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What is a potential cause of chlamydia in newborns?
What is a potential cause of chlamydia in newborns?
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What is a common symptom of conjunctivitis in children?
What is a common symptom of conjunctivitis in children?
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What is the typical cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in children?
What is the typical cause of bacterial conjunctivitis in children?
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What is the recommended treatment for children with bacterial conjunctivitis?
What is the recommended treatment for children with bacterial conjunctivitis?
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How can allergic conjunctivitis be managed?
How can allergic conjunctivitis be managed?
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What are common symptoms of orbital cellulitis in children?
What are common symptoms of orbital cellulitis in children?
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How is periorbital cellulitis typically treated?
How is periorbital cellulitis typically treated?
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What may be used to manage vertigo potentially caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)?
What may be used to manage vertigo potentially caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)?
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What are common symptoms of glaucoma?
What are common symptoms of glaucoma?
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How is diabetic retinopathy managed?
How is diabetic retinopathy managed?
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What is a common characteristic of macular degeneration?
What is a common characteristic of macular degeneration?
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What is another name for otitis externa?
What is another name for otitis externa?
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What is a common presentation of acute otitis media?
What is a common presentation of acute otitis media?
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Study Notes
Eye and Ear Conditions: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
- Conjunctivitis, commonly known as "pink eye," is self-limiting and typically worsens before improving, with children often experiencing symptoms in one eye, such as a stuck shut eye in the morning with yellow and purulent discharge.
- Bacterial conjunctivitis in children is often caused by Haemophilus influenzae, while in adults, it is typically due to Staphylococcus aureus.
- Treatment for children with bacterial conjunctivitis involves erythromycin drops, while adults may require ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin drops, with additional fluoroquinolones for gram-negative coverage in those with contact lenses, and steroid drops are to be avoided.
- Allergic conjunctivitis, common in 20-year-olds with seasonal hay fever, presents with red, itchy, and watery eyes and may be managed with cool compresses and antihistamine/vasoconstrictor drops.
- Orbital cellulitis, which affects the eye muscles and fat, often occurs in children with a history of surgery, and symptoms include pain with eye movement, ptosis, double vision, and fever, necessitating prompt diagnosis with CT or MRI with contrast and treatment referral to an ophthalmologist.
- Periorbital cellulitis, characterized by pain without moving the eye, is typically treated with outpatient amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or cephalosporin with bactrim, and it is important to differentiate it from orbital cellulitis.
- Vertigo in older women, potentially due to medications or alcohol, may be managed with the Epley maneuver, particularly if caused by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).
- Glaucoma, including angle-closure and open-angle types, presents with various symptoms such as pupillary dilation, blurred vision, and increased intraocular pressure (IOP), and treatment involves referral to ophthalmology and the use of topical beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for IOP reduction.
- Diabetic retinopathy may manifest with microaneurysms, hard exudates, and retinal/macular edema, and its management involves controlling blood pressure, sugars, and lipids, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections.
- Macular degeneration, more common in older white females, can be atrophic/dry or neovascular/wet, and treatment may include smoking cessation, a Mediterranean diet, antioxidants, visual assist devices, and intraocular injections of VEGF antagonists.
- Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, often presents with erythema, edema, and pain when touching the outer ear, and treatment varies based on severity, ranging from petroleum jelly and NSAIDs to topical and oral fluoroquinolones.
- Acute otitis media, commonly seen in children
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Description
Test your knowledge of eye and ear conditions with this quiz on symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. Explore topics such as conjunctivitis, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, otitis externa, and acute otitis media. Gain insights into recognizing and managing these common conditions affecting the eyes and ears.
