Extinction and Conditioned Response
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Questions and Answers

What is the main responsibility of the Basal nucleus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the brain?

  • Mediate fear conditioning
  • Send information to the central nucleus for expression of emotional responses (correct)
  • Coordinate physiological and behavioral reactions in response to emotions
  • Suppress conditioned fear
  • Which region of the brain is thought to control defense behavior when it comes to emotional responses?

  • Basal nucleus
  • Hippocampus
  • Lateral Nucleus
  • Central nucleus (correct)
  • What is the impact of damage to the Central nucleus on emotional behaviors?

  • Suppresses autonomic responses
  • Reduces or abolishes a wide range of emotional behaviors (correct)
  • Increases emotional responses
  • Enhances hormonal responses
  • What does conditioned emotional response refer to?

    <p>Learning that a stimulus or situation is dangerous or threatening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the physical changes for classical conditioning of conditioned emotional responses primarily occur?

    <p>Amygdala's lateral nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way is extinction learning dependent?

    <p>Dependent on context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the ventromedial prefrontal cortex play in brain mechanisms of courage?

    <p>Suppressing negative emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as the prefrontal cortex matures in adolescents?

    <p>Improvement in inhibiting inappropriate responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Raine et al. (1998) find in the brains of convicted murderers regarding prefrontal activity?

    <p>Decreased activity of the prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region matures much later during late childhood and early adulthood?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the amygdala in provoking emotional reactions?

    <p>Provoking anger and violent emotional reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In convicted murderers, what is presumed to be reflected by the increased activation of the amygdala?

    <p>Increased tendency for negative emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between extinction and forgetting in the context of conditioned responses?

    <p>While extinction inhibits the conditioned response, forgetting erases the memory of the association.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) play in the extinction of conditioned emotional responses?

    <p>It suppresses the conditioned fear response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is primarily involved in emotional responses in humans according to the text?

    <p>Amygdala</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does damage to the amygdala affect emotional responses, based on studies mentioned in the text?

    <p>Decreases emotional responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does damage to the amygdala have on emotional memory based on the text?

    <p>Decreases emotional memory effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In extinction learning, what happens to the conditioned response if the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented repeatedly?

    <p>The previous conditioned response eventually disappears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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