Extinction and Conditioned Response

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What is the main responsibility of the Basal nucleus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the brain?

Mediate fear conditioning

Send information to the central nucleus for expression of emotional responses (correct)

Coordinate physiological and behavioral reactions in response to emotions

Suppress conditioned fear

Which region of the brain is thought to control defense behavior when it comes to emotional responses?

Basal nucleus

Hippocampus

Lateral Nucleus

Central nucleus (correct)

What is the impact of damage to the Central nucleus on emotional behaviors?

Suppresses autonomic responses

Reduces or abolishes a wide range of emotional behaviors (correct)

Increases emotional responses

Enhances hormonal responses

What does conditioned emotional response refer to?

Learning that a stimulus or situation is dangerous or threatening Signup and view all the answers

Where do the physical changes for classical conditioning of conditioned emotional responses primarily occur?

Amygdala's lateral nucleus Signup and view all the answers

In what way is extinction learning dependent?

Dependent on context Signup and view all the answers

What role does the ventromedial prefrontal cortex play in brain mechanisms of courage?

Suppressing negative emotions Signup and view all the answers

What happens as the prefrontal cortex matures in adolescents?

Improvement in inhibiting inappropriate responses Signup and view all the answers

What did Raine et al. (1998) find in the brains of convicted murderers regarding prefrontal activity?

Decreased activity of the prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region matures much later during late childhood and early adulthood?

Prefrontal cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the amygdala in provoking emotional reactions?

Provoking anger and violent emotional reactions Signup and view all the answers

In convicted murderers, what is presumed to be reflected by the increased activation of the amygdala?

Increased tendency for negative emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between extinction and forgetting in the context of conditioned responses?

While extinction inhibits the conditioned response, forgetting erases the memory of the association. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) play in the extinction of conditioned emotional responses?

It suppresses the conditioned fear response. Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is primarily involved in emotional responses in humans according to the text?

Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

How does damage to the amygdala affect emotional responses, based on studies mentioned in the text?

Decreases emotional responses Signup and view all the answers

What effect does damage to the amygdala have on emotional memory based on the text?

Decreases emotional memory effects Signup and view all the answers

In extinction learning, what happens to the conditioned response if the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented repeatedly?

The previous conditioned response eventually disappears. Signup and view all the answers