Questions and Answers
What is extinction?
Procedure in which reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued, leading to a decrease in that behavior's future occurrence.
What are procedural forms in the context of behavior extinction?
Ignoring the behavior and not letting them get out of it.
What are functional forms in behavior extinction?
Withholding the maintaining reinforcers.
How does extinction affect behavior maintained by positive reinforcement?
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What happens to behavior maintained by negative reinforcement during extinction?
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What is the challenge associated with extinguishing behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement?
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What is a gradual decrease in frequency and amplitude in extinction?
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What is an extinction burst?
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What is spontaneous recovery in extinction?
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What does resistance to extinction mean?
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What are establishing operations?
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What factors can increase resistance to extinction? (Select all that apply)
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What guidelines should be followed for effective extinction?
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Extinction should be used for imitation behaviors.
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Extreme behaviors are suitable for extinction procedures.
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Study Notes
Extinction in ABA
- Extinction is the process of discontinuing reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior, leading to a decrease in that behavior's future occurrences.
- The goal of extinction is to change the environmental conditions so the behavior stops receiving reinforcement.
Procedural vs. Functional Forms
- Procedural forms involve simply ignoring the undesired behavior, effectively not allowing escape from it.
- Functional forms concentrate on withholding the maintainers of reinforcement that support the behavior.
Types of Extinction
- Extinction of behavior maintained by positive reinforcement results in no longer receiving attention or tangibles.
- Extinction of behavior maintained by negative reinforcement stops the behavior from producing removal or escape from aversive situations.
- Extinction of automatically reinforced behaviors requires masking or removing sensory consequences but is challenging and not usually recommended.
Behavior Changes
- Gradual decreases in frequency and amplitude signal a slow reduction in the behavior's occurrence and intensity after reinforcement is removed, but new or old behaviors might re-emerge.
- An extinction burst refers to an immediate increase in the behavior's frequency upon reinforcement removal, often marking a critical phase in the extinction process.
Recovery and Resistance
- Spontaneous recovery occurs when a previously diminished behavior shows up again in similar contexts even without reinforcement, though this is typically short-lived.
- Resistance to extinction indicates a persistence in behavior during the extinction process, demonstrating increased resilience against extinction measures.
Factors Influencing Resistance
- Establishing operations refer to various stimuli that function as reinforcers, with motivation levels influencing resistance to extinction.
- Reinforcement provided every time contributes to greater resistance.
- A long history of receiving reinforcement leads to stronger resistance and prolonged bursts of behavior.
- Repeated attempts at extinction can bolster resistance.
Guidelines and Best Practices
- Consistency is critical—identify and consistently withhold all forms of reinforcement.
- Combining extinction with other behavioral procedures increases effectiveness.
- Prepare for potential exacerbation of the behavior during the initial extinction phases and practice extensively.
- Involve others in the extinction process to create a supportive environment.
- Be cautious of unintended reinforcement during extinction efforts.
- Ideally, the extinction procedure should remain in place consistently to achieve lasting effects.
Situations to Avoid Extinction
- Avoid extinction techniques when dealing with mimicry or imitation behaviors.
- Extreme behaviors, which may pose risks to safety or well-being, should be managed with caution and potentially different strategies.
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Explore the key concepts of extinction in Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) through these flashcards. Each card presents a term and its definition, helping you understand the process and implications of discontinuing reinforcement on behavior. Perfect for students seeking to deepen their knowledge in ABA.