Freezing Conditions and Enzymatic Decay Quiz

Woolly mammoths have full genome sequences available for de-extinction.

DNA degradation is the main challenge in hot and wet environments.

Recovered DNA fragments are too short to assemble ancient genomes de novo.

Paleogenomics is NOT one of the main approaches to achieve de-extinction.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer is the scientific process is known as SCNT.

Cloning of long-dead organisms is unlikely due to biological remains degrade post-mortem.

Species with cloned nuclear genomes will not be exact copies of the extinct species, so we should consider de-extinction as a means to create ecological proxies.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is used for cloning and creating an identical genetic copy.

The resulting organism will be genetically identical to the extinct donor at all levels.

The average success rate of potential clones developing into live offspring is <5%.

Most extinct species do not have available living cells for cloning.

Selective breeding is NOT one of the three main pathways being considered for de-extinction.

To concentrate ancestral traits that persist within a population into a single individual using selective breeding.

It is still in the early stages of development and has not yet been successful in resurrecting an extinct species.

Larger animals may experience more enzymatic decay during freezing because they freeze more slowly than smaller animals.

A 16-year-old mouse is the oldest frozen specimen from which healthy clones have been generated.

Reconstructing genome sequences and using genome engineering is the most likely route to de-extinction

DNA decays more slowly in cold environments.

Back-breeding requires that the target ancestral traits persist within a living species.

The use of selective breeding to resurrect specific ancestral traits within populations of living organisms

To restore critical interactions among species that are no longer alive.

Back-breeding may reduce the population's overall fitness by increasing inbreeding.

Bucardo was successfully cloned using SCNT from frozen fibroblast cells.

Freezing and desiccation can promote the long-term preservation of biomolecules within organismal remains.

The efficiency of embryo generation declined with the amount of time that the cells had been frozen.

Entire cells were injected directly into enucleated eggs.

Aurochs was the first targeted for de-extinction.

All of the above.

Heck cattle have a more primitive appearance than aurochs.

Harvest cells from a closely related living species, change the genome sequence to resemble the extinct species, implant embryo into a surrogate host