Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is necessary for a study to generalize its findings to a population?
What is necessary for a study to generalize its findings to a population?
- A convenient sample from the researchers' acquaintances
- A large sample size regardless of diversity
- A sample that includes only males
- A probability sample from that population (correct)
What does ecological validity refer to in a study?
What does ecological validity refer to in a study?
- The use of random sampling methods
- The study's similarity to real-world contexts (correct)
- The amount of data collected during the study
- The diversity of the sample participants
In generalization mode, researchers aim to:
In generalization mode, researchers aim to:
- Develop theories without considering sampling methods
- Test causal claims with a non-diverse sample
- Generalize findings from a sample to a larger population (correct)
- Create a laboratory experiment that is unrelated to real-life contexts
Which statement best describes theory-testing mode?
Which statement best describes theory-testing mode?
Which is not a component of ensuring external validity in research?
Which is not a component of ensuring external validity in research?
Why might some studies not need to be generalizable to many people?
Why might some studies not need to be generalizable to many people?
What is the importance of specifying the population of interest in a study?
What is the importance of specifying the population of interest in a study?
Cultural psychology primarily examines how which context affects individuals?
Cultural psychology primarily examines how which context affects individuals?
Flashcards
Probability sample
Probability sample
A sample where every member of the population has a known chance of being selected.
Population of Interest
Population of Interest
The group of individuals that researchers want to generalize their findings to.
External Validity
External Validity
The extent to which the results of a study can be applied to other settings or situations.
Cultural Psychology
Cultural Psychology
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Theory Testing Mode
Theory Testing Mode
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Generalization Mode
Generalization Mode
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Ecological Validity
Ecological Validity
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Association or Causal Claims
Association or Causal Claims
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Study Notes
External Validity in Research Studies
- To generalize findings, a study needs a probability sample drawn from the target population.
- Defining the specific population of interest is crucial for generalization.
- A representative sample, not just a large one, is needed for proper generalization of findings.
- A probability sample is essential for generalizing to a larger population.
Generalizing to Other Settings
- Ecological validity assesses the study's similarity to real-world settings.
- Research should use random samples from diverse populations (gender, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status).
- Socioeconomic factors, regions, and countries must be considered when generalizing.
Theory Testing vs. Generalization Mode
- Theory testing mode prioritizes internal validity over external validity.
- Theory testing aims to investigate associations or causal relationships.
- Generalization mode prioritizes generalizability of findings to a wider population, which can also consider other contexts.
Cultural Considerations
- Cultural psychology examines how culture shapes thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- Researchers might adapt studies in real-world settings based on cultural contexts.
Real-World vs. Lab Settings
- Field settings (real-world contexts) and lab studies are equally valid, if done well.
- Experimental realism in a lab environment can create authentic experiences similar to real-world contexts.
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