Exploring the Synergy of Penicillin and Aminoglycosides in Combination Therapy

Erythromycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that binds to the 23S ribosomal RNA component of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting chain elongation.

Erythromycin has limited activity against gram-positive aerobic bacteria and is not the drug of choice for these infections.

Erythromycin has decent activity against gram-positive anaerobic bacteria.

<p>Clarithromycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that binds to the 23S ribosomal RNA component of the 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome at the peptide exit tunnel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary difference between clarithromycin and azithromycin is their spectrum of coverage. Azithromycin has broader coverage compared to clarithromycin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fidaxomicin is the preferred agent for treating C. diff infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential side effects of tetracyclines include teeth and bone deposits, photosensitivity, and hyperpigmentation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>location, place of birth, ethnicity, age, HIV, immunocompromised, close contact, crowded living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fever, weight loss, night sweats, loss of appetite/energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>due to their slow growth and intracellular pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfonamides inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with microbial folic acid synthesis and act as a PABA mimic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levofloxacin is primarily excreted by the kidneys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minocycline is the most lipophilic drug in the tetracycline class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluoroquinolones are classified as Category X in pregnancy, indicating that they are contraindicated due to potential harm to the fetus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential adverse effects of aminoglycosides include nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (cochlear and vestibular toxicity), and rare neuromuscular blockade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillin is recommended to be administered once daily at a high dose in combination therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plazomicin has shown to have less nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity than other aminoglycosides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymyxins have no coverage against Gram-positive bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UTIs, intra-abdominal infections, CAP, mycobacterial infections, bone and joint infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>less gram positive activity compared to levofloxacin, generally poor activity to all, not a respiratory FQ due to lack of S. pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Considered the least active against Enterobacteriaceae. Not good urinary penetration so it’s not used for UTIs. Good for CAP associated (H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis) Limited to no activity against non-fermenters, and the only fluoroquinolone that has no activity against P. aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Somewhat active against P. acnes and Peptostreptococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mechanism of action of metronidazole is inhibition of DNA synthesis and DNA degradation leading to cell death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clinical uses of delafloxacin include UTIs, intra-abdominal infections, CAP, Mycobacteria infections, bone and joint infections, and skin and soft tissue infections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The adverse effects of metronidazole include nausea, headache, diarrhea, dry mouth, metallic taste, dark/red brown urine, aseptic meningitis, ataxia, dysarthria, encephalopathy, diabetic neuropathy, seizure, vertigo, and hypersensitivity reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clinical uses of aminoglycosides include bacterial infections caused by organisms such as enterococci, viridans streptococci, and S. pneumoniae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fidaxomicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moraxella catarrhalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delafloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amikacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gentamicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plazomicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tobramycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minocycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Omadacycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moxifloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciprofloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moxifloxacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polymyxins have no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fosfomycin is excreted in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methenamine hippurate has activity against virtually all fungi and bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Azithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clarithromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fidaxomicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetracyclines</p> Signup and view all the answers