Exploring Restricted Codes in Communication

According to cultural deprivation theory, the relatively low attainment of working-class students is primarily due to:

Working-class subculture

What is the view that Bourdieu's ideas of cultural, social, and economic capital have been used to explain?

Class differences in achievement

How does cultural deprivation theory depict the culturally deprived child?

Lacking language and reasoning skills

According to William Labov, what was the main flaw of Project Head Start?

It focused too much on repairing the school Signup and view all the answers

According to Sharon Gewirtz, what was the ultimate aim of EAZs?

To provide resources and re-education to working-class parents Signup and view all the answers

What does Geoff Whitty criticize EAZs for?

Being based on cultural deprivation model Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, what is the main disadvantage of the restricted code in education?

It limits the transmission of universalistic orders of meaning Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of Bernstein's research on speech codes?

He does not provide enough evidence of the existence and use of the restricted and elaborated codes Signup and view all the answers

What does cultural deprivation theory portray working-class subculture as?

Substandard, inadequate, and deficient Signup and view all the answers

According to Nell Keddie, what does the myth of cultural deprivation largely account for?

Educational failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a form of compensatory education in the USA during President Johnson's 'War on Poverty' in the 1960s and early 1970s?

Project Head Start Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion of the Westinghouse Corporation's evaluation of Project Head Start?

It produced no long-term beneficial results Signup and view all the answers

What was one aim of the national compensatory education program in Portugal?

To reduce the gap in academic performance between schools in deprived areas and more privileged areas Signup and view all the answers

Why do critics see cultural deprivation theory as a smokescreen?

It diverts attention from the deficiencies of the education system Signup and view all the answers

According to Herbert H. Hyman, what did he argue about the value system of the lower classes?

The value system of the lower classes creates a self-imposed barrier to an improved position. Signup and view all the answers

According to Barry Sugarman, what does working-class subculture emphasize?

Fatalism, immediate gratification, present-time orientation, and collectivism. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the criticisms of the concept of class subcultures?

So-called working-class subculture may simply be a response in terms of mainstream culture to the circumstances of working-class life. Signup and view all the answers

What did J.W.B. Douglas study in his influential longitudinal study?

The educational careers of British children born in the first week of March 1946. Signup and view all the answers

According to Douglas, which social class had the highest percentage of students leaving secondary school in their fifth year?

Lower working class Signup and view all the answers

According to Douglas, what was the single most important factor related to educational attainment?

Degree of parents' interest in their children's education Signup and view all the answers

According to Blackstone and Mortimore, why might working-class parents visit school less frequently than middle-class parents?

Demands of their jobs Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, what are the two forms of speech pattern he identified?

Restricted code and elaborated code Signup and view all the answers

Which factor did Douglas find to be the single most important for educational attainment?

The degree of parents' interest in their children's education Signup and view all the answers

Which social class had the highest percentage of students leaving secondary school in their fifth year?

Lower working class Signup and view all the answers

Why might working-class parents visit school less frequently than middle-class parents?

They have less time due to their jobs Signup and view all the answers

What did Bernstein suggest is related to differences in educational attainment?

Speech patterns Signup and view all the answers

According to cultural deprivation theory, the relatively low attainment of working-class students is primarily due to

Lack of language and reasoning skills Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the criticisms of the concept of class subcultures?

It ignores the role of cultural factors in educational attainment Signup and view all the answers

According to Bourdieu's ideas of cultural, social, and economic capital, what question does the unit raise?

Will equality of opportunity ever be possible? Signup and view all the answers

According to Herbert H. Hyman, what are some differences between working-class and middle-class value systems?

Working-class values place a lower value on education and achieving high occupational status compared to middle-class values. Signup and view all the answers

According to Barry Sugarman, what is one characteristic of working-class subculture that may discourage high achievement in the classroom?

Fatalism, which involves efforts to improve the situation. Signup and view all the answers

What is one criticism of the concept of class subcultures?

Working-class subculture is solely a response to the circumstances of working-class life. Signup and view all the answers

According to J.W.B. Douglas' longitudinal study, what factor was measured to determine the ability of the students?

IQ tests Signup and view all the answers

According to Tessa Blackstone and Jo Mortimore, why might working-class parents visit school less frequently than their middle-class counterparts?

Working-class parents have less time to visit school because of the demands of their jobs. Signup and view all the answers

What did Basil Bernstein suggest is related to differences in educational attainment?

Differences in speech patterns Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, what are the characteristics of restricted codes?

They operate in terms of particularistic meanings and specific contexts. Signup and view all the answers

According to the studies discussed, what is the single most important factor influencing educational attainment?

Parental interest in education Signup and view all the answers

Compensatory education programs aim to

Reduce the gap in academic performance between deprived and privileged schools Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion of the evaluation of Project Head Start?

It produced no long-term beneficial results Signup and view all the answers

What was one aim of the national compensatory education program in Portugal?

To reduce the gap in academic performance between deprived and privileged schools Signup and view all the answers

What did critics see cultural deprivation theory as?

A smokescreen that disguises the real factors preventing equality of educational opportunity Signup and view all the answers

According to Sharon Gewirtz, what is the main aim of EAZs?

To transform working-class parents into middle-class parents Signup and view all the answers

What is Geoff Whitty's criticism of EAZs?

They do not value working-class culture Signup and view all the answers

What was William Labov's main criticism of Project Head Start?

It was designed to repair the child instead of the school Signup and view all the answers

According to Bernstein, what is the main disadvantage of the restricted code in education?

It lacks detail and explanations Signup and view all the answers

According to cultural deprivation theory, what does it portray working-class subculture as?

Inferior to middle-class subculture Signup and view all the answers

What does Nell Keddie argue largely accounts for educational failure?

The myth of cultural deprivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aim of positive discrimination according to cultural deprivation theory?

To compensate for the deficiencies of low-income groups Signup and view all the answers

Exploring Restricted Codes in Communication

Questions and Answers

According to cultural deprivation theory, the relatively low attainment of working-class students is primarily due to:

What is the view that Bourdieu's ideas of cultural, social, and economic capital have been used to explain?

How does cultural deprivation theory depict the culturally deprived child?

According to William Labov, what was the main flaw of Project Head Start?

According to Sharon Gewirtz, what was the ultimate aim of EAZs?

What does Geoff Whitty criticize EAZs for?

According to Bernstein, what is the main disadvantage of the restricted code in education?

What is one criticism of Bernstein's research on speech codes?

What does cultural deprivation theory portray working-class subculture as?

According to Nell Keddie, what does the myth of cultural deprivation largely account for?

Which of the following was a form of compensatory education in the USA during President Johnson's 'War on Poverty' in the 1960s and early 1970s?

What was the conclusion of the Westinghouse Corporation's evaluation of Project Head Start?

What was one aim of the national compensatory education program in Portugal?

Why do critics see cultural deprivation theory as a smokescreen?

According to Herbert H. Hyman, what did he argue about the value system of the lower classes?

According to Barry Sugarman, what does working-class subculture emphasize?

What is one of the criticisms of the concept of class subcultures?

What did J.W.B. Douglas study in his influential longitudinal study?

According to Douglas, which social class had the highest percentage of students leaving secondary school in their fifth year?

According to Douglas, what was the single most important factor related to educational attainment?

According to Blackstone and Mortimore, why might working-class parents visit school less frequently than middle-class parents?

According to Bernstein, what are the two forms of speech pattern he identified?

Which factor did Douglas find to be the single most important for educational attainment?

Which social class had the highest percentage of students leaving secondary school in their fifth year?

Why might working-class parents visit school less frequently than middle-class parents?

What did Bernstein suggest is related to differences in educational attainment?

According to cultural deprivation theory, the relatively low attainment of working-class students is primarily due to

What is one of the criticisms of the concept of class subcultures?

According to Bourdieu's ideas of cultural, social, and economic capital, what question does the unit raise?

According to Herbert H. Hyman, what are some differences between working-class and middle-class value systems?

According to Barry Sugarman, what is one characteristic of working-class subculture that may discourage high achievement in the classroom?

What is one criticism of the concept of class subcultures?

According to J.W.B. Douglas' longitudinal study, what factor was measured to determine the ability of the students?

According to Tessa Blackstone and Jo Mortimore, why might working-class parents visit school less frequently than their middle-class counterparts?

What did Basil Bernstein suggest is related to differences in educational attainment?

According to Bernstein, what are the characteristics of restricted codes?

According to the studies discussed, what is the single most important factor influencing educational attainment?

Compensatory education programs aim to

What was the conclusion of the evaluation of Project Head Start?

What was one aim of the national compensatory education program in Portugal?

What did critics see cultural deprivation theory as?

According to Sharon Gewirtz, what is the main aim of EAZs?

What is Geoff Whitty's criticism of EAZs?

What was William Labov's main criticism of Project Head Start?

According to Bernstein, what is the main disadvantage of the restricted code in education?

According to cultural deprivation theory, what does it portray working-class subculture as?

What does Nell Keddie argue largely accounts for educational failure?

What is the main aim of positive discrimination according to cultural deprivation theory?

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