Exploring Dominant and Recessive Alleles
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following can lead to the maintenance of deleterious alleles in a population?

  • Random genetic drift
  • Mutation-selection balance (correct)
  • Founder effect
  • Bottleneck event

    • What is the effect of mutation on allele frequencies in a population?

  • Mutation decreases genetic diversity
  • Mutation has no effect on allele frequencies
  • Mutation leads to a change in allele frequencies (correct)
  • Mutation increases genetic diversity

    • What is the Founder Effect?

  • Random drifting of population allele frequencies
  • Continuous immigration disrupting H-W equilibrium
  • A sharp reduction in population due to natural disasters
  • Non-random sampling of the original population in a small sub-population (correct)

    • What is the effect of random genetic drift on allele frequencies in a small population?

    <p>Alleles can be readily lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of migration on H-W equilibrium?

    <p>Migration restores H-W equilibrium within one generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key point about evolution and natural selection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome of natural selection?

    <p>Increased survival and reproductive success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of how genetic variations change in a population over time?

    <p>Population genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mutations in evolution?

    <p>Mutations create new alleles and genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the process of natural selection?

    <p>Traits that favor survival and reproduction are passed on to the next generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, in a population with random mating and no survival advantage or reproductive differences between genotypes, what happens to the allele frequencies from one generation to the next?

    <p>They stay the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a large randomly mating population, approximately 1 in 10,000 people are affected by an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. What would be the frequency of heterozygous carriers of the defective allele in this population?

    <p>0.02</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a large randomly mating population, approximately 1 in 8,900 males are affected by an X-linked recessive disease. What percentage of women in that same population would you expect to be carriers for this disease?

    <p>0.02%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a large randomly mating European population, approximately 1 in 1600 individuals are affected by an autosomal recessive disease. What percentage of individuals in this same population would you expect to be carriers of this disease?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may not be applicable to all populations?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Theory of Natural Selection, which of the following is one of the four basic 'postulates'?

    <p>Individuals within a population vary from one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main inferences drawn from Darwin's observations about natural selection?

    <p>Survival in the struggle for existence is not totally random, but depends on inherited traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is one of the key dimensions of Darwin's thought?

    <p>Species change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Darwin observe about the finches of the Galapagos Islands?

    <p>Beak size and shape correlated well with diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reproductive fitness reflect in the context of natural selection?

    <p>The ability of individuals to pass on their genes to subsequent generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, if the breeding population is large, mating is random, there is no mutation of the alleles, no migration change, and there is no selection, then allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation in a population.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation used to calculate the relative frequency of the different genotypes in a population according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

    <p>$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a population with two alleles at a single locus, the genotype frequencies are given by the expansion of which expression?

    <p>$(p+q)^2 = p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a population with three alleles at a single locus, the genotype frequencies are given by the expansion of which expression?

    <p>$(p+q+r)^2 = p^2 + 2pq + 2pr + 2qr + q^2 + r^2 = 1$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Equation apply to a population, what can be concluded about the genotypic ratios in the next generation?

    <p>They will follow the predicted genotypic ratios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what influences allele frequencies in a population?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg Equation?

    <p>$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force of evolution?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Charles Darwin postulate as the mechanism for evolution?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium depend on?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key point about evolution and natural selection?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of random genetic drift on allele frequencies in a small population?

    <p>Can lead to fixation or loss of alleles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, in a population with random mating and no survival advantage or reproductive differences between genotypes, what happens to the allele frequencies from one generation to the next?

    <p>They remain constant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of migration on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

    <p>Increases genetic variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Theory of Natural Selection, which of the following is one of the four basic 'postulates'?

    <p>Differential reproductive success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Theory of Natural Selection, what is one of the key dimensions of Darwin's thought?

    <p>Species change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Charles Darwin observe about the finches of the Galapagos Islands?

    <p>The beak size and shape of the finches correlated with their diet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main inferences drawn from Darwin's observations about natural selection?

    <p>Unequal ability to survive and reproduce leads to gradual change in populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of random genetic drift on allele frequencies in a small population?

    <p>Causes random changes in allele frequencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force of evolution?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences allele frequencies in a population?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equation used to calculate genotype frequencies in a population according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

    <p>$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force of evolution?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about allele frequencies in populations?

    <p>They are influenced by non-random mating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Charles Darwin postulate as the mechanism for evolution?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the effect of a founder effect on genetic diversity in a small sub-population?

    <p>Genetic diversity is reduced compared to the original population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the effect of a bottleneck event on genetic diversity in a population?

    <p>Genetic diversity is reduced compared to the original population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the effect of random genetic drift on allele frequencies in a small population?

    <p>Allele frequencies become completely random.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the effect of mutation on allele frequencies in a population?

    <p>Allele frequencies become completely random.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, what is the effect of migration on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population?

    <p>Migration disrupts Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which of the following conditions must be met for allele frequencies to remain constant from generation to generation in a population?

    <p>Random mating and no survival advantage or reproductive differences between genotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a large randomly mating population, approximately 1 in 10,000 people are affected by an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. What would be the frequency of homozygous affected individuals in this population?

    <p>0.0001</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a large randomly mating population, approximately 1 in 8,900 males are affected by an X-linked recessive disease. What percentage of women in that same population would you expect to be carriers for this disease?

    <p>0.02%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a large randomly mating European population, approximately 1 in 1600 individuals are affected by an autosomal recessive disease. What percentage of individuals in this same population would you expect to be carriers of this disease?

    <p>0.049%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason why the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may not be applicable to all populations?

    <p>Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which of the following conditions is NOT necessary for allele and genotype frequencies to remain constant from generation to generation in a population?

    <p>No migration change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations represents the Hardy-Weinberg principle for two alleles at a single locus in a population?

    <p>$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a population with three alleles at a single locus, which of the following equations represents the genotype frequencies according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

    <p>$(p+q+r)^2 = p^2 + 2pq + 2pr + 2qr + q^2 + r^2 = 1$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, if the frequency of the dominant allele (T) in a population is 0.6, what is the frequency of the recessive allele (t)?

    <p>0.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a population with two alleles at a single locus, if the frequency of one allele (dominant) is 0.7, what is the frequency of the other allele (recessive)?

    <p>0.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

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