60 Questions
Which of the following can lead to the maintenance of deleterious alleles in a population?
Mutation-selection balance
What is the effect of mutation on allele frequencies in a population?
Mutation leads to a change in allele frequencies
What is the Founder Effect?
Non-random sampling of the original population in a small sub-population
What is the effect of random genetic drift on allele frequencies in a small population?
Alleles can be readily lost
What is the effect of migration on H-W equilibrium?
Migration restores H-W equilibrium within one generation
Which of the following is a key point about evolution and natural selection?
All of the above
What is a possible outcome of natural selection?
Increased survival and reproductive success
What is the study of how genetic variations change in a population over time?
Population genetics
What is the role of mutations in evolution?
Mutations create new alleles and genetic variation
Which statement best describes the process of natural selection?
Traits that favor survival and reproduction are passed on to the next generation
According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, in a population with random mating and no survival advantage or reproductive differences between genotypes, what happens to the allele frequencies from one generation to the next?
They stay the same
In a large randomly mating population, approximately 1 in 10,000 people are affected by an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. What would be the frequency of heterozygous carriers of the defective allele in this population?
0.02
In a large randomly mating population, approximately 1 in 8,900 males are affected by an X-linked recessive disease. What percentage of women in that same population would you expect to be carriers for this disease?
0.02%
In a large randomly mating European population, approximately 1 in 1600 individuals are affected by an autosomal recessive disease. What percentage of individuals in this same population would you expect to be carriers of this disease?
5%
Which of the following is NOT a reason why the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may not be applicable to all populations?
Mutation
According to the Theory of Natural Selection, which of the following is one of the four basic 'postulates'?
Individuals within a population vary from one another.
What is one of the main inferences drawn from Darwin's observations about natural selection?
Survival in the struggle for existence is not totally random, but depends on inherited traits.
Which of the following is one of the key dimensions of Darwin's thought?
Species change.
What did Darwin observe about the finches of the Galapagos Islands?
Beak size and shape correlated well with diet.
What does reproductive fitness reflect in the context of natural selection?
The ability of individuals to pass on their genes to subsequent generations.
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, if the breeding population is large, mating is random, there is no mutation of the alleles, no migration change, and there is no selection, then allele and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation in a population.
True
What is the equation used to calculate the relative frequency of the different genotypes in a population according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$
In a population with two alleles at a single locus, the genotype frequencies are given by the expansion of which expression?
$(p+q)^2 = p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$
In a population with three alleles at a single locus, the genotype frequencies are given by the expansion of which expression?
$(p+q+r)^2 = p^2 + 2pq + 2pr + 2qr + q^2 + r^2 = 1$
If the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Equation apply to a population, what can be concluded about the genotypic ratios in the next generation?
They will follow the predicted genotypic ratios.
According to the text, what influences allele frequencies in a population?
All of the above
Which equation represents the Hardy-Weinberg Equation?
$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$
What is the driving force of evolution?
Natural selection
What did Charles Darwin postulate as the mechanism for evolution?
Natural selection
What does the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium depend on?
All of the above
Which of the following is a key point about evolution and natural selection?
All of the above.
What is the effect of random genetic drift on allele frequencies in a small population?
Can lead to fixation or loss of alleles.
According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, in a population with random mating and no survival advantage or reproductive differences between genotypes, what happens to the allele frequencies from one generation to the next?
They remain constant.
What is the effect of migration on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Increases genetic variation.
According to the Theory of Natural Selection, which of the following is one of the four basic 'postulates'?
Differential reproductive success
According to the Theory of Natural Selection, what is one of the key dimensions of Darwin's thought?
Species change.
What did Charles Darwin observe about the finches of the Galapagos Islands?
The beak size and shape of the finches correlated with their diet.
What is one of the main inferences drawn from Darwin's observations about natural selection?
Unequal ability to survive and reproduce leads to gradual change in populations.
What is the effect of random genetic drift on allele frequencies in a small population?
Causes random changes in allele frequencies.
What is the driving force of evolution?
Natural selection
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences allele frequencies in a population?
Natural selection
What is the equation used to calculate genotype frequencies in a population according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$
What is the driving force of evolution?
Natural selection
Which of the following is true about allele frequencies in populations?
They are influenced by non-random mating
What did Charles Darwin postulate as the mechanism for evolution?
Natural selection
According to the text, what is the effect of a founder effect on genetic diversity in a small sub-population?
Genetic diversity is reduced compared to the original population.
According to the text, what is the effect of a bottleneck event on genetic diversity in a population?
Genetic diversity is reduced compared to the original population.
According to the text, what is the effect of random genetic drift on allele frequencies in a small population?
Allele frequencies become completely random.
According to the text, what is the effect of mutation on allele frequencies in a population?
Allele frequencies become completely random.
According to the text, what is the effect of migration on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population?
Migration disrupts Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which of the following conditions must be met for allele frequencies to remain constant from generation to generation in a population?
Random mating and no survival advantage or reproductive differences between genotypes
In a large randomly mating population, approximately 1 in 10,000 people are affected by an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. What would be the frequency of homozygous affected individuals in this population?
0.0001
In a large randomly mating population, approximately 1 in 8,900 males are affected by an X-linked recessive disease. What percentage of women in that same population would you expect to be carriers for this disease?
0.02%
In a large randomly mating European population, approximately 1 in 1600 individuals are affected by an autosomal recessive disease. What percentage of individuals in this same population would you expect to be carriers of this disease?
0.049%
Which of the following is NOT a reason why the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium may not be applicable to all populations?
Mutation
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, which of the following conditions is NOT necessary for allele and genotype frequencies to remain constant from generation to generation in a population?
No migration change
Which of the following equations represents the Hardy-Weinberg principle for two alleles at a single locus in a population?
$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$
In a population with three alleles at a single locus, which of the following equations represents the genotype frequencies according to the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
$(p+q+r)^2 = p^2 + 2pq + 2pr + 2qr + q^2 + r^2 = 1$
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, if the frequency of the dominant allele (T) in a population is 0.6, what is the frequency of the recessive allele (t)?
0.4
In a population with two alleles at a single locus, if the frequency of one allele (dominant) is 0.7, what is the frequency of the other allele (recessive)?
0.3
Test your understanding of dominant and recessive alleles with this quiz! Explore why dominant traits don't always take over a population and why recessive alleles can persist over time. Discover the role of selection and how it operates at the level of the phenotype.
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