42 Questions
What is the definition of political assassination?
The deliberate, premeditated murder of a prominent figure for political reasons
Who are the typical targets of political assassination?
Government leaders & prominent persons
Where can political assassinations occur?
Assassination occurs in all parts of the world
What are some causes of political assassination?
Restrictions on political competition & strong polarization & fragmentation
What is the unintended consequence of feminist advocacy in promoting awareness of genocidal rape?
Exclusion of male victims from the definition's implications
Why is little known about genocidal male rape?
Main discourse dominated by feminists does not address male victims
What is a consequence of witnessing castration in Serbian detention camps?
Deterrence from engaging in future sexual intercourse
What is used in the genocidal context to prohibit men from procreating and destroy their ethnic group?
Enforced sterilization and other male-targeted sexual offenses
Which historical armies engaged in castration, penile amputation, and enforced sterilization in armed conflicts?
Ancient Persia, Greece, China, Amalek, Egypt, and Scandinavia
What was the consequence of targeting Tutsi men during the Rwandan Genocide?
Extermination of the community
What was the purpose of castrating Tutsi males during the Rwandan Genocide?
Desire to eliminate further generations of Tutsis
What is the intent behind enforced sterilization in armed conflicts?
To destroy the ethnic group
According to Pramono's classification, how many types of genocide are included?
First, second, third-degree, ideological, and pragmatic
What are the sources of genocide according to the text?
Ethnicity, underdevelopment, limited resources, and political power dynamics
What strategies are used to conceal and justify genocide?
Denial, belittling, and labeling as a dispute
What was the aim of the Brana plan?
The destruction of targeted groups through genocidal rape
Who did Serbian officers target as vulnerable spots in Muslim communities?
Women, adolescents, and children
What are the three forms that mass rape can take?
Military forces raping women in public, random rape in concentration camps, and rape as part of torture
What are the important aspects to discuss regarding genocidal rape?
Male genocidal rape, the Brana plan, and the logic behind enforced pregnancies
What is the aim of systematically raping women in rape/death camps?
Torture before death or force pregnancy
How did Serbian rapists aim to alter the identity of the next generation and community?
By producing Serb children
What is the genocidal intent behind enforced pregnancies in rape/death camps?
Using sperm as a biological weapon
How can genocidal rape be viewed in the context of warfare?
As a crime of biological warfare
In what way are mass rape and enforced pregnancy likened to an infectious disease?
Undermining the will to fight and causing social chaos
What were some of the actions taken by impregnated women in response to enforced pregnancies?
Attempted abortions, suicide, infanticide, or leaving the babies traumatising to others
What is a characteristic of sperm mentioned in the text in relation to biological warfare?
Easily containable, storable, preservable, and deliverable
How did military rape aimed at enforced pregnancy contribute to a bigger plan?
It contributed to a bigger plan of ethnic cleansing, with genocidal intent
What is the impact of the policy of enforced pregnancy on the community?
Constituting genocide by stigmatizing and ostracizing raped women, destroying the community and causing social chaos
What led to the recognition of genocidal rape in international criminal law?
Advocacy of feminist groups
How did feminist NGOs influence the 1948 U.N. Genocide Convention?
To address genocidal rape
What is the key definitional element of genocide according to the UN?
Intentional causing of serious bodily or mental harm
What is the aim of terrorism in comparison to genocide?
To create fear, panic, or political change
What do political assassinations intensify?
Prospects of a state's fragmentation
What is a key implication of the assassination of heads of state?
Decline in democratic nature
What are the targets of assassination according to the text?
Heads of state, lower-ranking political figures, legislators, and opposition leaders
What is a key factor that facilitates assassination according to the text?
Susceptibility of politicians
What is the definition of genocide according to the UN?
Acts committed with the intent to destroy a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group
What is the aim of genocide according to the text?
To systematically destroy a specific ethnic, racial, or religious group
What is a consequence of political assassinations according to the text?
Decline in democratic nature
What is a key implication of the assassination of heads of state?
Decline in democratic nature
What is a factor that facilitates assassination according to the text?
Lack of potential for leadership change
What is the aim of terrorism in comparison to genocide?
To create fear, panic, or political change
Study Notes
Genocidal Rape and Enforced Pregnancy
- Women in rape/death camps are systematically raped for extended periods of time, aiming to torture before death or force pregnancy.
- Serbian rapists aimed to produce Serb children to alter the identity of the next generation and community.
- Enforced pregnancies in rape/death camps were committed with genocidal intent, using sperm as a biological weapon.
- Genocidal rape can be viewed as a crime of biological warfare, destroying people's will to fight without destroying the territory.
- Mass rape and enforced pregnancy are effectively an infectious disease, undermining the will to fight and causing social chaos.
- Many impregnated women attempted abortions, suicide, infanticide, or left the babies traumatising to others.
- Sperm is easily containable, storable, preservable, and deliverable, unlike bacteria and viruses.
- Military rape aimed at enforced pregnancy contributed to a bigger plan of ethnic cleansing, with genocidal intent.
- Brana plan involved Serb soldiers raping Muslim women and enforcing their pregnancies until the foetuses could not be aborted.
- The policy of enforced pregnancy can constitute genocide by stigmatizing and ostracizing raped women, destroying the community and causing social chaos.
- The recognition of genocidal rape in international criminal law is due to the advocacy of feminist groups.
- Feminist NGOs influenced the agenda of the 1948 U.N. Genocide Convention to address genocidal rape.
Political Assassinations and Genocide in International Law
- Lack of consensual political ethos and homogenous populations lead to a decline in the legitimacy of political leadership and systems
- Territorial fragmentation of a country results in different levels of control and stability in different regions
- Facilitators of assassination include susceptibility of politicians, non-democratic political environments, and lack of potential for leadership change
- Targets of assassination include heads of state, lower-ranking political figures, legislators, and opposition leaders, with different impacts on the political system
- Political assassinations intensify prospects of a state's fragmentation and undermine its democratic nature
- Implications of assassination of heads of state include decline in democratic nature, increase in domestic violence and instability, and economic prosperity
- Policy implications for addressing political grievances and stable succession mechanisms are crucial to decline violent assassinations
- Most assassins were previously involved in criminal activities, and veterans may be preferred to perform an assassination
- Genocide is defined by the UN as acts committed with the intent to destroy a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group
- Genocide aims to systematically destroy a specific ethnic, racial, or religious group, while terrorism aims to create fear, panic, or political change
- Key definitional elements of genocide include destruction of the group, a substantial part of the group, specific conduct, and groups with particular group identity
- Specific conduct of genocide includes intentional causing of serious bodily or mental harm, cruel treatment, rape, enslavement, starvation, deportation, persecution, detention, and death threats
"Genocidal Rape and Enforced Pregnancy" and "Political Assassinations and Genocide in International Law" are quizzes that delve into the complex and harrowing topics of genocidal rape, enforced pregnancy, political assassinations, and genocide in international law. Explore the historical, legal, and political dimensions of these critical issues, and test your knowledge on the key concepts and implications related to these topics.
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