Exploring Correlation

True or false: Social questions and problems cannot be studied scientifically?

True or false: Hindsight bias refers to the tendency for people to underestimate how much they could have predicted the outcome after knowing that it occurred?

True or false: A hypothesis is a testable statement or idea about the relationship between two or more variables?

An operational definition is a precise specification of how variables are measured or manipulated.

Observational methods involve systematically measuring two or more variables and assessing the relation between them.

Naturalistic observation involves manipulating the situation to observe behavior in real-world settings.

Archival analysis involves examining accumulated documents or archives of a culture.

Positive correlation means that as X increases, Y also increases

Negative correlation means that as X increases, Y decreases

The values for correlation range from -1.00 to +1.00

Surveys are a representative sample of people asked questions about their attitudes or behavior

True or false: Quasi-experimental designs are considered true experiments.

True or false: Field experiments have high ecological validity.

True or false: Diffusion of responsibility was supported in the study conducted by Piliavin et al. (1969).

True or false: Replication involves repeating a study with different populations, settings, methods, or measures.

True or false: The dependent variable is the presumed 'cause' in the cause-and-effect relationship.

True or false: Internal validity refers to the extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences.

True or false: Random assignment ensures that individual differences are balanced out in an experiment.

True or false: Construct validity refers to the issue of whether the constructs that researchers claim to be studying are truly being manipulated and measured.