Part 2

<p>Fetal Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embryonic Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetal Period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>42 days after conception</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce more synapses than will actually be used</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine which synapses will live or die</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To insulate axons so that signals can travel faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain adapting in response to ubiquitous sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A critical period is a very narrow period during which a particular experience must occur, while a sensitive period is a developmental stage during which the brain is most susceptible to experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They build specific proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenotype-environment interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes and environment interact probabilistically to produce adult outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher IQ</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The same defect can be caused by different teratogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cerebellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parietal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experience-dependent plasticity refers to the changes in the brain that occur as a result of an individual's unique personal experiences. It involves the formation of new synapses throughout the lifespan. Examples of experience-dependent plasticity include the brain changes observed in adult violin players and London cab drivers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genotype refers to the genetic material an individual inherits, while phenotype refers to the observable expression of the genotype, including body characteristics and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The environment, which includes every aspect of the individual and their surroundings, can impact phenotypes. For example, individuals tend to hang out with people who look like them. Additionally, the environment can influence gene expression and how a given genotype develops. The effects of the environment can be seen in the interaction between abusive parenting and a child's genotype, which can produce adult outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A child's genotype is determined by the combination of genes they inherit from both biological parents. Each gene has multiple different forms called alleles, and a child has two alleles for every gene, one from each parent. The activity of genes, determined by their expression, influences the development of certain characteristics. Some characteristics, such as ABO blood type, are determined by the activity of one gene, while most human characteristics are polygenic, meaning they are dependent on multiple genes. The effect of any particular gene or set of genes is probabilistic, meaning it cannot predict with certainty how a person will express a particular trait.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The environment plays a crucial role in shaping a child's phenotype. The continuous interaction between genotype and environment means that a given genotype may develop differently in different environments. For example, the presence of phenylketonuria (PKU), a condition where individuals are unable to process certain amino acids, can lead to severe intellectual disability and brain damage if they continue to consume foods containing those amino acids. The effects of abusive parenting can also interact with a child's genotype to produce specific outcomes in adulthood. Therefore, the environment can have a significant impact on a child's phenotypic development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children are active creators of their own environments. They have the ability to evoke certain responses from others based on their characteristics. For example, cute children are more likely to be talked to as if they are more intelligent. Additionally, children may select surroundings and experiences that match their interests, talents, and personality characteristics. This active role in selecting and shaping their environments can have a significant impact on their development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Although the structure of DNA remains fixed, certain epigenetic mechanisms can alter the functioning of genes. One such mechanism is methylation, which can silence gene expression and create stable changes in gene expression. These changes can be influenced by the child's environment. For example, early life stress has been shown to lead to more than 100 genes varying in methylation. Some of these changes can even be passed on to future generations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes contain the instructions for building specific proteins in the human body. Proteins play a critical role in various biological processes and are essential for the proper functioning of cells and organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term for the period of rapid growth and refinement of organ systems during prenatal development is called organogenesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genes and the environment interact in a complex manner to influence the development of individuals and produce adult outcomes. While genes provide the genetic blueprint, the environment can modify gene expression and determine how a given genotype develops. This interaction can be seen in the effects of abusive parenting on a child's genotype, which can lead to specific outcomes in adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers