term 2- lec 3

Are the powerhouse of the cell where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. Energy is extracted to create proton gradients. These proton gradients drive the rotary adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase and create ATP.

It is the process of breaking the 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvates. b. Occurs in the cytoplasm. c. Results in the net production of two ATPs. d. Pyruvate feeds into the mitochondria and is converted into acetyl-coA to feed into the respiratory chain.

. Uses pigments that absorb light, and this energy is used to donate an electron.

Are bound by a single membrane and contain enzymes for lipid metabolism and are key in boxidation of fatty acids

. Are generally membrane bound, allowing for the compartmentalisation of different cellular functions.

Are generally membrane bound, allowing for the compartmentalisation of different cellular functions.

Can be classified as Smooth ER and rough ER, that contains ribosomes, and is the area of the ER specialized in protein synthesis, folding, and degradation b. Has a membrane that is a continuation of the nuclear envelope. c. It has roles in the biogenesis of the Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes and lipid droplets, and helps mitochondria to divide. d. Performs essential cellular functions, including protein synthesis and processing, lipid synthesis, calcium (Ca2+) storage and release, detoxification of compounds, and lipid transfer and signaling to other organelles.

Is a microtubule-dependent ribbon-like structure surrounding the centrosome that functions as a sorting station for cellular trafficking.

Can be clathrin-mediated, aided by a coat made of clathrin and AP2 complexes. b. Can support nutrient uptake by the cell in the case of micropinocytosis. c. Is divided in three main types: phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis. d. Is the process of transporting substances inside the cell, where internalised substances are surrounded by membrane.